广西平乐鸡母岩发现的晚更新世人类牙齿化石

本文对广西北部平乐县鸡母岩发现的人类牙齿化石进行了研究,认为形态学上区别于中国直立人和早期智人,而与晚期智人相似.与之共生的哺乳动物群,包含绝迹种猩猩、大熊猫和绝灭种东方剑齿象、中国貘,指示其时代在晚更新世.平乐人类化石的发现,为研究现代人类的起源和演化提供了新的化石证据.     

陕西汉中天坑群形成条件与分布规律

通过对陕西汉中天坑群岩溶地质遗迹的广泛调查和分析,确定了宁强禅家岩、南郑小南海、西乡骆家坝和镇巴三元四个天坑群集中分布区,从地层岩性、地貌、构造等方面总结了汉中天坑群形成地质条件和分布规律,研究认为二叠纪－三叠纪巨厚的碳酸盐岩地层为天坑（群）发育的物质基础,断裂、褶皱构造是天坑（群）形成的控制条件,特别是次级构造决定了天坑发育的具体位置,新构造抬升及湿热的气候为天坑的形成提供了岩溶动力。汉中天坑群水平上呈带状成群分布,垂向上差异较大,1 000~2 000 m居多的空间分布特征。岩溶天坑的形成经历了四个阶段的演化过程。      

陕西镇巴三元天坑群岩溶地质遗迹特征及成因

汉中镇巴三元天坑群是我国湿润热带—亚热带发现的最北端岩溶天坑群,由4个相对独立的岩溶系统构成。本文总结和整理了陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群地质遗迹分布特点,分析地质遗迹的基本特征及形成原因,分析岩溶形成演化机理。研究表明:该区天坑多数发育在山脊或山顶上,具退化天坑特征。     

陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群喀斯特地质遗迹特征及成因

陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群是汉中天坑群中 4 个相对独立的喀斯特系统之一,位于扬子陆块北缘,发育有多样的地质遗迹。文章通过大量野外勘测,总结出陕西宁强禅家岩天坑群地质遗迹的分布特点,并分析了主要地质遗迹的基本特征及形成原因,以揭示南北过渡带峡谷地貌下喀斯特的形成及演化机理。结果表明:（1）研究区形成了以天坑、台原、溶洞、峡谷以及次生化学沉积物为特色的2大类4类5亚类的地质遗迹;（2）区内喀斯特地貌典型,天坑和溶洞最为发育;（3）受峡谷深切影响,研究区内形成有4个地表喀斯特台原,其均具有相对独立的喀斯特水文地质特征,而天坑和竖井均已进入退化期;（4）在地层、岩性和构造多因素作用下,区内天坑孕育于新构造运动时期。      

侵蚀型天坑演化研究

中国天坑研究学者通过系统调查,确立“tiankeng”作为标准地貌术语,并规范其形态特征,提出塌陷型天坑和侵蚀型天坑两种成因类型。文章以重庆武隆箐口天坑、陕西汉中伯牛天坑、马达加斯加安卡拉那高原的曼格里（Mangily）天坑、巴布亚新几内亚穆勒高原的阿底（Atea）天坑为研究对象,通过对比分析4个天坑（群）发育的地层结构、地貌演化和水文地质特征等,论述侵蚀型天坑系统演化的共性特征,即三元或二元地层结构、深厚包气带和巨大地势差异、覆盖型岩溶分布、覆盖层对雨水的汇聚或夹层对地下水的汇聚等。基于侵蚀型天坑的成因条件,认为其发育阶段可分为:落水洞-竖井（地下河）阶段、侵蚀-竖井状大厅阶段、崩塌-天坑形成阶段和天坑退化阶段,并对侵蚀型天坑演化机理提出新的认识。     

双河洞中大熊猫-剑齿象动物群化石的发现

对贵州省境内的双河洞历次科考中发现的第四纪动物群化石进行初步研究和总结,认为目前对双河洞第四纪动物群研究尚处于起步阶段,化石的发现者都是洞穴科考专家,古生物知识相对欠缺且重视不够是洞穴化石研究进展缓慢的原因。为了加快双河洞第四纪动物群的研究进程,以今年中法联合科考过程中发现的大熊猫-剑齿象动物群化石为样本,采用ICP-MS铀系定年方法对这批大熊猫骨骼化石碳酸盐岩包裹物的年龄进行测试,结果表明该化石群化石距今6.75万年,初步判定此动物群可能生存于中更新世-晚更新世早期。这批哺乳动物化石及其地层信息将为贵州（尤其是黔北）第四纪的研究提供重要资料。      

云南剑川早更新世剑齿象化石

袁氏剑齿象(新种)(Stegodon yuani sp.nov.)是根据发现于云南省大理白族自治州剑川县东山脚村附近的两颗上第三臼齿建立的。 化石产于早更新世湖泊和滨湖河流相的东山组上部粉砂质粘土层中。它稍原始于东方剑齿象(S.orientalis),而在进化水平上又稍晚于先东方剑齿象(S.praeorintalis)。     

岭南东江流域晚更新世哺乳动物化石的新发现

近年在南岭以南的广东东江流域河源地区东源县上莞镇的碧寿洞中发现较丰富的古哺乳动物牙齿化石。经鉴定为6个目5属5种,称之为碧寿动物群。根据碧寿动物群指示的古生态、化石层位、热释光测试结果和生物地层对比初步认为,该动物群与西江流域的罗沙岩动物群一样,都属于晚更新世时期的大熊猫—剑齿象动物群,生活在MIS5a时的间冰期,但罗沙岩动物群的时代略早,为(79.0±15)kaBP,而碧寿动物群则存在于末次冰期/末次间冰期之交的MIS5a之末叶。此动物群为广东东江流域历年首现,代表了当时的热带北缘森林草原的自然环境。     

陕西南郑小南海天坑群与广西乐业大石围天坑群对比研究

通过对比分析南北典型岩溶地质遗迹大石围天坑群和小南海天坑群,加深了对汉中天坑群的认识。从自然地理背景、地质条件、地质遗迹类型与特征、天坑群发育演化模式等方面,与广西乐业大石围天坑群进行对比,陕西南郑小南海天坑群分布于湿润热带-亚热带最北端,发育于扬子地台区北缘的岩溶台原区。境内天坑、溶洞、竖井、断崖、峡谷、峰丛、洼地、地下河及化学沉积物等地质遗迹集中发育且组合丰富,形成一个由非可溶岩系、地表分水岭组成隔水边界的相对独立的岩溶系统,呈现内源水窗式天坑演化特点,具有很高的学术研究价值和景观价值。     

贵州惠水仰天窝竖井大熊猫化石的发现及其意义

晚更新世的大熊猫广泛分布于中国华南地区,化石分布点众多,但完整保存的骨骼材料相对较少。文中报道了贵州惠水县仰天窝竖井新发现的完整大熊猫头骨化石,仰天窝竖井—白马洞因其特殊的洞穴环境为化石的保藏创造了有利条件。根据测量数据,仰天窝大熊猫个体牙齿比现生大熊猫略大,应属于巴氏大熊猫。AMS—14 C测年结果为22887~22431 a BP,时代处于末次盛冰期前后,新材料的发现为推断大熊猫在晚更新世末期的分布范围、生存演化等问题提供了难得的实证。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861