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二次运移数学模型及其在鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8段石油运移研究中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
建立在物理实验基础上的数学模拟技术正成为油气运移研究的重要手段.基于油气趋向于沿着范围狭窄的优势路径发生运移的认识,利用渗逾理论建立油气运聚数学模型,厘定模型在不同运移实验条件下的适用性;进而通过模拟分析,讨论大尺度宏观均匀输导层内运移路径的特征.最后以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长统长8油层段的运移研究为例,分析盆地尺度油气运移路径特征.获得油气在非均匀输导条件下形成优势运移路径的认识:流体势的空间变化决定了石油二次运移的主要方向,输导层的非均质性控制着油气二次运移路径的特征及形态. 相似文献
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现代洪水沉积物的沉积学特征研究是开展古洪水重建的一项基础工作.2018年黄河汛期洪水沉积物在兰州体育公园形成了一道天然堤.对该天然堤剖面的岩石磁学研究显示:沉积物中的磁性矿物既有磁铁矿,又有赤铁矿/针铁矿.磁化率、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁、S-ratio和L-ratio等参数在剖面上没有明显变化,指示2018年洪水沉积物源区、磁性矿物的种类和含量变化不显著.剖面下部(66~110 cm)沉积物的磁化率各向异性(AMS)椭球最大轴偏角集中分布(K1-Dec=22.8°±10.3°),上部(0~64 cm)沉积物的磁化率最大轴偏角在上半平面内随机分布;下部沉积物的磁性矿物粒度指标(χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM)和天然剩磁(NRM)强度低于上部;指示洪水沉积物的下部和上部分别形成于2018年黄河二号和三号洪水期间.由于二号洪水流量及水位陡升陡降、持续时间短,三号洪水水位升降相对缓慢、持续时间长;造成了两次洪水沉积物的AMS特征、χARM/χ、χARM/SIRM以及NRM强度差异.本研究揭示洪水沉积物的磁学参数能够灵敏地响应不同水动力条件和持续时间的洪水期次,从而具有高分辨率区分洪水事件的潜力.
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1980s中期以来,黄河下游游荡段经常出现畸形河湾,分析其演变过程及特点对游荡段治理具有重要意义.本研究采用黄河下游游荡段的遥感影像和实测断面地形资料,描述了不同畸形河湾的演变过程并分析其河湾形态参数和断面形态的变化.研究表明,黄河下游游荡段的畸形河湾具有演变周期短、扭曲程度较大和易发生自然裁弯等特点.游荡段不同位置畸形河湾的演变特点不同:游荡段上段的畸形河湾演变缓慢,裁弯历时长;中段的畸形河湾演变速率较高,河湾扭曲程度大;下段的畸形河湾演变速率高,容易发生自然裁弯.河湾形态参数可反映畸形河湾的演变过程,其变化特点与畸形河湾的形成和裁弯过程相对应.在畸形河湾形成过程中,曲率半径和河湾间距减小,弯曲度、水流夹角和河湾振幅增大.游荡段3个畸形河湾弯曲度的最大值分别为1.20、2.10和1.61,反映了不同畸形河湾的扭曲程度.“Ω”形畸形河湾裁弯后的曲率半径、水流夹角、河湾振幅和河湾间距约为其演变过程中最值的605%、59%、27%和133%.“M”形畸形河湾裁弯后水流夹角、河湾振幅和河湾间距约为其最值的37%、83%和152%.在畸形河湾形成时期,伊洛河口断面位于畸形河湾凹岸侧的滩地以94 m/a的速率崩塌.裁弯后,河槽冲刷,两岸滩地崩退,河槽展宽速率为148 m/a.河床底部的冲刷从深泓点逐渐向两边发展. 相似文献
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黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原-同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10-21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1.57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原-天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土-古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造-气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造-气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。 相似文献
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根据长江与黄河各一个完整水文年的调查数据,并结合历史资料分析了我国这两条大型河流活性硅((RSi,RSi=溶解硅(DSi)+生物硅(BSi))的入海通量及长时间序列的变化规律与影响因素.结果表明,长江与黄河RSi的组成存在显著的差异,二者水体中BSi/RSi的平均比值分别为0.22和0.49;黄河DSi的年平均浓度为长江的74%,而BSi年平均浓度却是长江的3倍.黄河水体中相对较高的BSi浓度反映了黄河流域水体浑浊度与土壤侵蚀程度较高,源自黄土高原高的泥沙输送量是导致黄河水体中BSi浓度较长江高的主要原因.长江与黄河下游RSi通量在丰水期、平水期与枯水期的比值分别为5.3∶3.1∶1.6与3.8∶3.4∶2.8,长江半数以上的RSi入海通量是在丰水期输出的,而黄河在3个时期的差异不明显.相比于径流的变化,1958-2014年间长江DSi通量变化主要是由DSi浓度的变化引起的,流域气候变化(如温度变化)是其浓度及其通量年代际变化的重要原因;而黄河1985-2001年间DSi通量下降是由于径流量与DSi浓度降低的双重原因引起的.气候变化,特别是温度的变化会对流域硅的风化速率与硅的产出产生重要影响,但其具体的影响有待进一步揭示. 相似文献
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Impact of projected climate change on the hydrology in the headwaters of the Yellow River basin 下载免费PDF全文
Yueguan Zhang Fengge Su Zhenchun Hao Chongyu Xu Zhongbo Yu Lu Wang Kai Tong 《水文研究》2015,29(20):4379-4397
Located in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, the headwaters of the Yellow River basin (HYRB) are very vulnerable to climate change. In this study, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to assess the impact of future climate change on this region's hydrological components for the near future period of 2013–2042 under three emission scenarios A1B, A2 and B1. The uncertainty in this evaluation was considered by employing Bayesian model averaging approach on global climate model (GCM) multimodel ensemble projections. First, we evaluated the capability of the SWAT model for streamflow simulation in this basin. Second, the GCMs' monthly ensemble projections were downscaled to daily climate data using the bias‐correction and spatial‐disaggregation method and then were utilized as input into the SWAT model. The results indicate the following: (1) The SWAT model exhibits a good performance for both calibration and validation periods after adjusting parameters in snowmelt module and establishing elevation bands in sub‐basins. (2) The projected precipitation suggests a general increase under all three scenarios, with a larger extent in both A1B and B1 and a slight variation for A2. With regard to temperature, all scenarios show pronounced warming trends, of which A2 displays the largest amplitude. (3) In the terms of total runoff from the whole basin, there is an increasing trend in the future streamflow at Tangnaihai gauge under A1B and B1, while the A2 scenario is characterized by a declining trend. Spatially, A1B and B1 scenarios demonstrate increasing trends across most of the region. Groundwater and surface runoffs indicate similar trends with total runoff, whereas all three scenarios exhibit an increase in actual evapotranspiration. Generally, both A1B and B1 scenarios suggest a warmer and wetter tendency over the HYRB in the forthcoming decades, while the case for A2 indicates a warmer and drier trend. Findings from this study can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco‐environment management strategies for governmental policymakers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Variation in reach‐scale thalweg‐migration intensity in a braided reach of the lower Yellow River in 1986–2015 下载免费PDF全文
Thalweg migration of an alluvial river plays a key role in channel evolution, which may influence the effect of existing river training works and biodiversity on floodplains, and cause losses in riparian land and property. The braided reach of the Lower Yellow River underwent continuous channel aggradation during the period from 1986 to 1999, and then remarkable channel degradation in 1999–2015 owing to the state of operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in 1999. Here we quantify associated thalweg migration changes and identify the key influencing factor in the braided reach. Thalweg‐migration distances and intensities at section‐ and reach‐scales were calculated during the past 30 years from 1986 to 2015, in order to investigate the characteristics of thalweg migration in the reach. There was a 47% reduction in the reach‐scale thalweg‐migration distance and a 35% reduction in the corresponding migration intensity after the reservoir operation. It is also revealed that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the thalweg migration, based on the investigation into various influencing factors in the study reach. The thalweg‐migration intensity of the braided reach can be expressed as a power function of the previous four‐year average fluvial erosion intensity. The calculated thalweg‐migration intensities in 1986–2015 using the proposed relation generally agree with the observed data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献