淮南张集煤矿灰岩含水层数值模拟及涌水量预测

为了正确评价淮南煤矿张集煤矿灰岩含水层对煤层开采的影响,探明详细的水文地质条件,本文利用-536 m水平放水成果资料,利用GMS建立了张集煤矿C3Ⅰ组灰岩含水层水文地质模型及其数值模型,经识别和验证后,获得了灰岩含水层水文地质参数,并结合"突水系数",进行数值模拟分析,计算水文地质参数,预计灰岩疏水量,并利用数值模拟参数分别模拟计算了-536 m、-565 m水平、-566 m水平的安全开采下的疏放量。此次计算结果为张集煤矿采煤过程中灰岩水的防治提供了一定借鉴。     

潘北矿A组煤层底板高承压水数值模拟及疏水量预报

建立高承压含水层数学模型,识别其参数特征,是预报不同开采方案下该含水层水量合理疏放大小的依据。在分析潘北煤矿地质及水文地质条件基础上,利用–490 m水平4个阶段放水试验成果资料,利用Modflow建立了A组煤层底板灰岩水渗流水文地质模型及其数值模型,经识别和验证后,获得了太原组灰岩含水层水文地质参数,并结合“突水系数”,分别预报了–490 m和–650 m水平在确保A组煤层安全开采下的疏放量,其计算结果,给太原组灰岩水的防治提供了决策依据。      

基于地下水流场数值模型的矿井突水量预算

矿井发生特大突水后,第一时间掌握突水水源,并预测突水量的大小,可以为制定水害治理方案提供有力支持。利用前期通过放水试验获取的水文地质参数及建立的井田奥陶系灰岩含水层数值模型,对峰峰矿区九龙煤矿的突水水源及突水量进行了分析计算。结果发现：突水初期与突水点相距2 350m的奥灰观测孔的水位下降趋势与前期奥灰放水试验的基本一致,因此,判断突水水源为煤系地层基底奥陶系灰岩含水层水。实测瞬时突水量为2 778m3/h;利用比拟法得到的Q-S方程预算突水量为2 879m3/h;通过数值模型预算的突水稳定涌水量为2 280m3/h,三者相差不大,以此说明数值模拟在矿井突水量预算中具有一定的实用价值。     

基于井下放水试验的矿井疏降量预测评价

井下放水试验作为特殊的水文地质试验,克服了地面抽水试验存在的不利条件,有着十分重要的实践和理论意义。为了探查双柳煤矿太原组灰岩含水层的水文地质条件,通过两次井下放水试验取得的相关水文地质参数,控制了太灰含水层的动态流场。基于井下放水试验取得的水文地质条件信息,利用Visual MODFLOW三维数值模拟软件,建立放水试验期间反映模拟区太灰地下水分布、储存及其时空变化规律的参数模型;根据拟定的预测方案,对太灰含水层的疏降涌水量进行预测。通过本次工作,对双柳井田下一阶段进行疏干降压,减少太灰含水层对上组煤（4#煤层）开采的威胁,同时为下组煤（8＋9#煤）开采提供疏降方式和水文地质依据。     

南屯煤矿群孔奥陶系石灰岩放水试验及数值模拟分析

为进一步查明南屯煤矿奥陶系石灰岩含水层的水文地质条件,正确评价奥陶系石灰岩含水层对下组煤开采的影响,本次研究利用井下现有的水文地质观测孔,对奥陶系石灰岩含水层进行了群孔放水试验,进行三个落程的放水,并应用GMS软件进行数值模拟分析,计算水文地质参数,预计奥陶系石灰岩疏水量。该结果表明,奥陶系石灰岩含水层放水基本上对十四灰含水层没有产生较大的影响,对奥陶系石灰岩水尽量采用避让措施,通过物探等手段寻找导水通道,并及时对其进行处理。     

东滩煤矿奥灰放水试验数值模拟

奥灰水是东滩矿下组煤安全开采的主要水害威胁和重点防治对象。东滩矿下组煤底板奥灰水压高达7.20~11.46 MPa,在不考虑底板受采动破坏影响下,奥灰对17煤的突水系数为0.077~0.158 MPa/m,最小值亦接近现有规程标准上限值(0.10 MPa/m)。为了查清奥灰含水层水文地质条件进而制定合理的奥灰水防治措施,基于矿井的水文地质条件及奥灰放水试验,建立了适合本矿井的水文地质模型,并利用地下水模拟软件Visual Modflow,计算了奥灰含水层水文地质参数。通过验证,该水文地质模型能够客观的反映奥灰天然流场,为今后预测矿井涌水量、奥灰疏降水量提供了依据。      

王河煤矿矿井涌水量数值模拟及预测

针对岩溶充水矿井涌水量数值模拟中边界条件概化和非均质性刻画难题,采用分别建立区域模型和局部模型的方法解决边界概化问题,运用信息复合技术刻画岩溶介质的非均质性.以具有完整水文地质边界的荥巩矿区为计算区建立区域模型,以区域模型计算出的流量作为边界条件建立王河煤矿矿井涌水量模拟模型(局部模型).在充分分析钻孔、构造、突水、物探等资料的基础上,运用信息复合技术对煤矿充水含水层进行垂向和平面参数分区.在此基础上,利用GMS建立了精细的王河煤矿涌水量模拟模型.利用该模型预测了不同开采工作面的矿井正常涌水量和最大涌水量.结果表明,开采111070、113090、113110、113120工作面时,正常涌水量分别为490、350、560、590 m3/h,最大涌水量分别为690、490、790、830 m3/h.预测结果可为矿山设计部门确定开采方案、布置排水设备和制定防治水措施提供科学依据.      

叠加原理在矿山放水试验过程对含水层参数计算中的应用

放水试验是矿山开采重要的补充勘探手段,利用其求解含水层水文地质参数方法,往往没有考虑工作面疏放水对其干扰的影响,存在一定误差。本文在考虑矿山工作面疏放水背景干扰的影响下,开展侏罗系中统承压含水层放水试验过程,利用地下水叠加原理求取含水层参数,所计算出渗透系数平均为0.0555 m/d,与前期地面抽水试验所求得参数基本一致。     

姚桥煤矿水文地质特征及矿井水害防治措施

姚桥煤矿开采水文地质资料表明,煤层开采矿井的直接充水含水层--山西组煤层顶、底板砂岩裂隙含水层组与太原组灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层一般以静储量为主,富水性较弱;第四系松散含水层组、下石盒子组底部分界砂岩含水层、奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层、老窑水主要是通过断裂或导水裂隙向矿井充水,故而提出了留设保安煤柱,探放断层水、老窑水等针对性的水害防治措施。     

新疆大南湖北露天煤矿首采区Ⅲ火烧区地下水资源的数值模拟

大南湖北露天煤矿首采区东南部需要揭露Ⅲ火烧岩区一部分,这使得烧变岩水成为露天煤矿矿井充水的主要水源。资源勘探阶段的水文地质资料表明,烧变岩区赋水空间发育、透水能力强,储存量非常可观,但由于受资源勘探阶段水文地质勘探工程量制约,水文地质条件未能详细查明,现有水文地质成果尚不能满足首采区对烧变岩水疏排设计的要求。对烧变岩地下水资源进行模拟开采性抽水试验,获取Ⅲ火烧区的水文地质参数,利用数值模拟的方法,运用MODFLOW软件建立了III火烧区地下水数值模型,并模拟计算出了Ⅲ火烧区地下水储存量。经验证,本次模拟所取得成果与煤矿实际情况相符,能够作为首采区矿坑疏排水设计依据。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861