大厂长坡-铜坑锡多金属矿床成矿作用分析

从长坡-铜坑锡多金属矿矿床地质出发,分析其热水沉积成矿和岩浆热液成矿的证据,认为其主要成矿作用为泥盆纪热水沉积成矿,燕山期花岗岩浆热液则对早期的热水沉积矿体进行叠加改造,故矿床是热水沉积成矿-岩浆热液叠加改造的产物。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜(金)矿床成矿模式

长江中、下游断裂坳陷带是我国重要的铜、金、铁、硫成矿带,存在一系列块状硫化物矿床及与其伴生的矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿床.本文以铜陵矿集区冬瓜山铜、金矿床为例,探讨了这类矿床的成矿模式.冬瓜山矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.层状硫化物矿体产于晚泥盆世砂岩和晚石炭世碳酸盐岩之间,具明显的层控特征,矿体下盘发育细脉-网脉状硫化物矿化以及硅化和绢云母化,矿体中伴有热水沉积岩,矿石具典型的沉积构造.燕山期岩浆热液对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造,改变了矿石的结构构造和矿石成分.黄铜矿交代黄铁矿变斑晶呈环斑结构或脉状交代结构,交代磁黄铁矿呈交代假象结构或交代残留结构.矽卡岩型矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.09‰～0.83‰,集中在0.23‰～0.83‰.层状矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.45‰～0.78‰,与矽卡岩矿体中黄铜矿的65Cu值大致相当,这说明两类矿体中的铜具有相同的来源.铜、氢和氧同位素研究表明,冬瓜山矿床铜来自岩浆岩,叠加的成矿流体主要为岩浆流体.提出了冬瓜山矿床属喷流沉积-岩浆热液叠生成因的成矿模式:在晚石炭世,海底喷流成矿作用形成了块状硫化物矿床,矿石成分以硫、铁为主;燕山期岩浆热液一方面对块状硫化物矿床进行改造,致使其富集铜等成矿物质,另一方面与围岩相互作用形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.     

西藏甲玛矿区铅锌矿体成因研究及其找矿意义

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床是近年来在冈底斯成矿带取得找矿突破的超大型矿床之一。本文通过甲玛铜多金属矿床与典 型喷流沉积矿床的对比研究,指出甲玛铜多金属矿床成因是与斑岩成矿作用有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,由产于斑岩中的 钼（铜）矿体、产于矽卡岩中的铜多金属矿体、产于角岩中的钼铜矿体以及外围独立金矿体构成了完整的甲玛斑岩成矿系 统。甲玛矿床同典型喷流沉积矿床的主要区别在于：①地质特征：岩浆热液不仅在林布宗组与多底沟组扩容空间内可形成 层状矽卡岩,而且在林布宗组的泥质灰岩夹层中也可形成小规模、透镜状、囊状矽卡岩;矿区不存在喷流岩,前人认为的 喷流岩实际上是矽卡岩化角岩;矿床的主成矿年龄为14~16Ma,成矿与中新世冈底斯碰撞造山带发生拆沉、大规模的地壳 伸展作用及大规模斑岩体侵位有关;矽卡岩铜多金属矿体不存在喷流沉积矿床所特有的二元结构,矽卡岩顶部与顶板围岩 之间为渐变过渡关系;粗粒结构的矽卡岩亦是岩浆热液长时间补给而使矿物自形生长的结果。②地球化学特征：元素地球 化学特征方面成矿元素组合以Cu,Mo,Au,Ag为主,少量Pb,Zn;多底沟组灰岩中Mn相对于区域背景含量为负异常;甲玛铅 锌矿体的Zn/ （Pb+Zn）比值较低,主要集中在0~0.1和0.2~0.45两个区间内;矿床的矿化分带表现出：由岩体中心向四周Mo →Cu+Mo→Cu→Pb+Zn,为典型的斑岩铜钼矿成矿系统的矿化分带。同位素地球化学特征方面硫同位素比值主要呈负值且 变化范围很窄,而硅同位素比值则以正值为特征。此外,文章建议在念青唐古拉具有类似甲玛矿区成矿地质条件地区,以 岩浆热液矿床成因为指导,建立依据浅边部铅锌矿（化）体,向深部（中心）追索铜钼矿体或钨矿体的找矿模型。     

西藏拉屋铜锌矿床成因探讨

拉屋铜锌矿床是冈底斯成矿区申扎—旁多铜银铅锌金成矿带内重要的矿床。文章总结了该矿床的形成机制,认为矿化早期形成于喷流沉积,后期得到了岩浆热液的叠加富集,F3是一条持续活动的同沉积断层,后期又是热液活动通道,是导矿储矿构造,二长花岗岩体及岩脉对早期形成的矽卡岩及矿体的形态起着破坏作用。拉屋矿床矿体为典型的喷流沉积后期热液叠加改造型矿床。据此成矿理论指导,近年在该区实际找矿勘查中,圈定了八个重点综合异常,控制了铜、锌(333以上)资源量达13.56万吨,实现了找矿的重大突破。     

海南石碌铁钴铜矿床成因及其成矿模式

海南石碌矿床是以富铁矿为主,并伴生有钴铜等矿产的著名大型矿集区。通过对该矿床控矿地质条件的再认识,并对其成矿物质来源、岩浆活动与成矿的关系、成矿时代进行了讨论,认为铁钴铜等物质来源很可能来自原始火山沉积地层石碌群中,后期区域变质作用和岩浆活动对其形成起重要的改造富集作用,初步定义其为火山-沉积变质+多期热液叠加改造型矿床。该矿床成矿模式概括为:1)新元古代海底火山喷流沉积期,奠定了铁钴铜等成矿物质的基础;2)加里东—海西期的变质改造成矿期,形成了沉积变质型贫矿体;3)印支—燕山早期热液叠加改造富化期,石碌矿床发生了重要的改造富集作用,形成了富铁矿体;4)燕山晚期热液叠加改造富化期,对原来矿体进行改造富集,并形成了脉状、角砾状铁矿体及伴生的铜钴矿体。     

澜沧老厂银铅锌铜多金属矿床成因探讨

总结老厂银铅锌铜多金属块状硫化物矿床地质特征的基础上，重点讨论老厂矿床存在的早石炭世火山喷流沉积成矿作用、中晚石炭世火山期后喷流沉积成矿作用及燕山期～喜马拉雅山早期（中）酸性岩浆热液叠加改造成矿作用，建立老厂多因复成矿床成矿模式。     

新疆阿尔恰勒铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿模式

阿尔恰勒铅锌矿床位于塔里木板块伊犁亚板块察布查尔—伊什基里克山裂谷带中,成矿地质条件优越。矿体赋存于阿克沙克组灰岩中,受地层、构造控制明显,具有多层、厚度大、品位高、延伸深等特点。通过矿床地质特征总结以及岩石地球化学分析等研究,认为矿床自上而下形成Pb、Zn、Ag→Cu、Au→Au的纵向分带。矿床属于热液喷流沉积型矿床,后期有岩浆热液叠加改造。最后总结了成矿模式。     

青海尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床矿物学特征对成因的指示意义

为了探究尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床成因,选取金属硫化物为研究对象,通过电子探针进行矿物学分析研究。结合矿床地质特征,为该矿床成因提供依据。结果表明:该矿床成矿阶段可划分为火山沉积热液期和中温热液硫化物期,并进一步细分为热水沉积-黄铁矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、碳酸盐阶段、铜铅锌-硫化物阶段和闪锌矿-碳酸盐阶段等五阶段。不同成矿阶段的黄铁矿标型特征表明其分别具有火山喷流沉积、火山热液改造和岩浆热液等不同成因。该矿床经历了早期火山喷流沉积,形成火山沉积(热液)矿化;中期受较大范围的火山热液充填交代;后期中酸性岩浆侵入引起的中温岩浆热液矿化,沿着断裂构造上侵,在前期矿化体中叠加成矿。     

青海省雁石坪铜铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

青海省雁石坪铜铅锌多金属矿床位于西南三江成矿带北段西延部分,矿(化)体赋存于构造破碎带及两侧岩脉中,矿体形态走向与构造走向基本一致,呈似层状、脉状产出,成矿组合为铅-锌-铜-银,流体包裹体显微测温结果表明多金属矿成矿流体为中低温(以低温为主)、中等盐度、中等密度流体。矿床成因类型为火山喷流沉积-热液改造型;热液主要来源于岩浆热液。     

西藏当雄县拉屋铜铅锌多金属矿床喷流沉积成因

拉屋铜铅锌多金属矿床位于纳木错-嘉黎断裂带南侧的上石炭统-下二叠统来姑组中,矿体分布受日音拿背斜控制。矿区内矿化类型以层纹状、层状矿化为主,晚期有脉状矿化叠加。在矿床地质特征研究基础上,通过矿石和容矿围岩的稀土元素、稳定同位素地球化学特征分析,探讨了成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究显示,矿床容矿围岩稀土元素具有弱Ce负异常（0.89～0.95）和Eu中等亏损（0.56～0.64）的特点。硫化物硫同位素δ³⁴S值变化范围为-2.92‰～-0.42‰,平均值为-1.68‰,为深源硫来源。矿石中石英包裹体氢氧同位素组成显示,矿床成矿热液流体早期以深循环的海水与岩浆水的混合流体为主,中、晚期则有为长时间大气降水的参与,成矿流体来源以大气降水为主。综合研究表明:拉屋铜铅锌多金属矿床属于喷流沉积-叠加改造型矿床,具有喷流沉积型矿床的特征,燕山期则表现为岩浆热液活动叠加改造。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861