地球空间信息科学与土地资源的动态监测与管理

地球空间信息科学是当今空间信息科学发展的重要成果。文章在分析了地球空间信息科学的特点及其发展现状之后 ,讨论了地球空间信息科学在土地资源动态监测与管理中的作用 ,以及建立我国土地信息系统需要注意的几个问题。     

基于GIS的时空复合体-土地利用变化图谱模型研究方法

本文以地学信息图谱理论，地球空间信息认知理论，地球系统科学与地球综合体理论，地理信息系统中的时空复合体模型为依据，提出了研究土地利用／土地覆被变化的基本单元，即“图谱单元”，它是记录时空复合信息的基本单元，由“相对均质”的地理单元和“相对均质”的时序单元复合而成，并提出了研究土地利用／土地覆被变化图谱的概念模型。     

新书介绍

潘玉君编著的《地理学基础》由科学出版社２００１年１０月出版，书中论述了地理学的研究核心与科学思维、学科体系、理论结构、基本价值、人地关系地域系统协调共生应用理论、地理建设与地理工程、地理学发展趋势、地理学方法论、系统动力学等方面的内容。 夏宗国、立京、李小文等编的《英汉地球空间信息科学与技术词汇》由科学出版社２０００年９月出版。本书收集地球空间信息科学与技术方面使用的各类英汉对照词汇约１７０００条和常用是英文缩略语 ７０００条左右。是地理信息科学者的工具书。 李长安、杜耘、吴宜进等著的《长江中游环…     

基于GIS的时空复合体-土地利用变化图谱模型研究方法

本文以地学信息图谱理论、地球空间信息认知理论、地球系统科学与地理综合体理论、地理信息系统中的时空复合体模型为依据 ,提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化的基本单元 ,即“图谱单元”,它是记录时空复合信息的基本单元 ,由“相对均质”的地理单元和“相对均质”的时序单元复合而成 ,并提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化图谱的概念模型。     

《地球观测与导航技术丛书》评介

<正>《地球观测与导航技术丛书》于2013年度获批国家出版基金项目,作为科学出版社的第一个地学项目,2015年底获得顺利验收。该项目具有以下特点:1项目立项基础扎实,组稿和出版严格保障质量地球空间信息科学是地球科学、空间科学和信息科学交叉渗透发展的结果,在国家和区域的可持续发展及资源、环境和人口的协调发展中具有广阔的应用前景。我国科技发展中长期规划将高分辨率对地观测系统与新一代卫星导航定位系统列入国家16个重大专项之一,国     

基于地球空间信息技术的山地景观生态学

本文介绍了地球空间信息及其核心3S技术在山地景观生态研究中的应用,分析了山地景观生态研究中的空间信息特征、信息源和信息获取、信息处理中的尺度问题。总结了山地景观生态研究中的空间信息分析在景观格局与过程、景观动态与空间模拟、景观分类与景观生态评价、景观生态规划与设计等方面的应用。提出了山地景观生态研究应重视空间信息和信息的分析,改变研究的思维方式,尽快于地球空间信息技术全面接轨。指出了当前山地景观生态研究中存在的尺度泛化问题和空间信息来源问题。     

一种新的移动空间信息服务系统的体系结构

该文结合移动通信技术和空间信息科学的发展趋势,介绍了面向公众的移动空间信息服务系统的主要组成部分和相关技术。基于移动空间信息服务系统关键技术难点的分析,提出一种开放式、易扩展、功能可重用的移动空间信息服务平台的体系结构。     

地球系统科学数据分类体系研究

数据分类是数据组织、管理与数据共享工程中不可缺少的基础性工作。根据地球系统的圈层结构、研究每个圈层的主要学科和每个学科的主要数据内容,把地球系统科学数据分为14个一级类、88个二级类。该分类体系在国家科学数据共享工程项目——中国地球系统科学数据共享服务网中得到实际应用。     

地球系统科学数据共享标准规范体系研究与应用

地球系统科学是地球科学发展的一个新的历史阶段,其以地球系统及其整体行为作为研究对象,迫切需要大量多学科、多来源、多类型、综合性地学数据资源的支撑。针对这一需求,我国国家科技基础条件平台设立了“地球系统科学数据共享网”这一支撑条件。为了构建该支撑条件的标准规范环境,本文分析了地球系统科学数据的特征,剖析了“研究型”数据对标准规范的需求,指出了其面临的3个关键问题。研究了地球系统科学数据共享的概念模式,根据定义的4条基本原则,分析了地球系统科学数据共享标准规范体系的定位,构建其体系结构。该体系结构包括4个大类,即机制条例类、数据管理类、平台开发类、数据服务类,具体包括18项条例、办法、规范和技术标准。其中,地球系统科学数据共享联盟章程、核心元数据标准、数据质量管理办法、数据分类标准是该体系中的引领性、核心标准规范。经过近6年的研究和应用,目前该标准规范体系已经在地球系统科学数据共享网的总中心和13个分中心试用,取得了良好的运行服务效果。未来,地球系统科学数据共享标准规范将“向下”、“向上”两个方向继续发展。     

地理学理论建设的一次重要努力 --评《地理学的数学模型与应用》

在中国地理学会21世纪战略讨论会上，我获得了一本新书--《地理学的数学模型与应用》 （刘昌明、岳天祥、周成虎主编，科学出版社，2000）。本书是1934～1999年《地理学报》 中数学模型与公式的汇编。在这样一个战略讨论会上发布这样一本书是十分合乎时宜的，因 为它向地理学家宣告：我们一直在努力发展地理学理论，改变地理学“有地无理”的局面。 我不同意数学化才是理论的科学思想，这是前1980年代的思潮，但是赞成能够数学化的理论 应该数学化。因为数学没有歧义，数学家千辛万苦发展起来的科学推理工具，可以帮助我们 分析和科学传递。编辑这样一本书，显然起到了理论总结和科学传递的作用，使得地理学家 可以在一个新的起点上去分析问题、认识世界、实施创新。 　　《地理学的数学模型与应用》一书，按照地球信息科学、自然地理学和经济地理学3部分汇 编，把地球信息科学放在第一部分，并且把综合应用归入此部分，有助于增加此书的时代感 ，也反映了主编急切地发展地球信息科学的思想，是一种好的选择。在书的体例上，《地理 学的数学模型与应用》按文章编排，有助于读者查询公式出处，进一步理解公式。 　　对中国地理学来说，这本书反映出中国从1935年吕炯先生、方俊先生对地球物理学公式的应 用，到1990年代大量地理学综合分析的原创模型的出现，地理学家一直在把自己的工作在理 论上深化，而且这种努力正在成为地理学理论研究的主流，并必将影响新一代地理学家，使 他们获得一种新的科学思维。 　　然而，如果把地理学的理论探索比喻作长征，我认为本书出版还是仅仅走出草地的象征，与 国际同 行研究的比较，我们的差距还很大。本书反映，中国地理学对自然地理研究的模型，多数还 是地球物理学公式的应用，地球信息科学、经济地理学的模型还是一些指标体系和统计方法 的应用。与国际地理学理论研究接轨，这是中国地理学家需要多努力的。其次，作为本书本 身，我感到第三部分所谓“农业地理”的内容许多不是经济地理的内容，也不是农业的专门 问题，而“工业地理”一章，最好称为“产业地理”，这样便于读者查寻。 　　最后特别声明，我不赞成“地球信息科学”的提法，因为许多经济地理信息、人文地理信 息问题，不是直接与地球联系的，强调它是地球信息，忽视了地理学对自然与人文的综合； 而地球深部信息、地球行星物理信息都是地球科学信息，但不是地理学研究内容。存在地球 信息科学、也存在地理信息科学，二者有很大的交集，但不能混淆，至少在严谨的学术著作 中应该这样。不过“功在汉室，争什么南阳襄阳”，关键是先做起来，地理学在理论化，GIS已经从作为一门技术的“地理信息系统”演变为一门科学的“地理信息科学”，这是 地理学与数学、计算机结合的成果。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .