南海亮钩虾属(甲壳动物：端足目)的研究

亮钩虾属Genus Photis属于蜾蠃蜚科Corophiidae甲壳动物端足目(Crustacea:Amphipoda),全世界有近60种。本属为世界性分布,世界各大洋都有记载。 作者在系统整理和研究南海端足目标本中发现南海亮钩虾4种,其中有1新种,1种为中国沿海的首次纪录。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

蜾蠃蜚科(甲壳动物:端足目)一新属、新种

作者在鉴定1994年采自大连(北黄海)浅水和广东大亚湾的端足类(Amphipoda)标本中,发现了蜾蠃蜚科(Family Corophiidae)的一新属,即拟亮钩虾属 Genus Paraphotis，报告如下。新属、新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

蜾赢蜚在对虾养殖中的应用研究

蜾蠃蜚(Coriphium spp.)是节足动物门、甲壳纲、端足目、蜾蠃蜚科中的小型动物。有的叫它为钩虾。从其体型平扁和触角形状、两眼着生位置看,与体形侧扁的钩虾有明显区别。蜾蠃蜚成体体平扁、纤细,后体部最后三节的分界线明显,额角尖向前突出呈刺状,长度略超过头部侧叶末端,侧叶稍突出,两眼位于头的侧叶两端。 北方沿海渔民俗称蜾蠃蜚为虾叉子。这是因为它具有一对强壮的第二触角,平行地向前伸展,如叉子一样。也有的叫它为海跳蚤。因为它离水后仍能片刻不死,并弓着身体向前爬行,状如跳蚤。我国文献记载叫蜾蠃蜚,恰又     

钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落在日本对虾养殖池塘中变动规律的研究

2009年4～7月,对移入日本对虾养殖池的钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落进行了研究.共调查到2种钩虾,3种蜾蠃蜚.钩虾的优势种为中华原钩虾;蜾蠃蜚的优势种具有明显的交替性,放养后前53 d,优势种为大蜾蠃蜚,78 d后,优势种为隐居蜾羸蜚.钩虾群落的物种多样性(H')与均匀度(J)在放养当天达到最高,放养后第67天出现差异显著;蜾蠃蜚群落的物种多样性(H')与均匀度(J)在放养后第64天最高,第90天出现差异显著.钩虾的生物量和丰度放养后第30天达到最大值,随后快速下降;蜾蠃蜚的生物量和丰度放养后第14天达到最大值,其丰度在第64天达到第二个高峰.同时,钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落不同体长个体的丰度百分比差异明显,表现出一定的周期性变化规律.由此,初步分析了引起群落变化的两类原因,提出了钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落结构的调控方案.     

几种对虾在黄河三角州地区生长及移植饵料生物效果的比较分析

本文以东营市黄河三角洲地区对虾养殖示范园的对虾绿色生态调控养殖试验为基础 ,侧重阐述虾池移植伪才女虫、石莼、藻钩虾、蜾蠃蜚、拟沼螺等生物群落 ,分别取得 (2～ 30 )× 10 3 尾 /m2 ,总生物量 2 0 0 g/ m2 以上的效果。以及中国对虾、南美白对虾和日本对虾及其二茬养殖方式的生长模拟、生长比较等 ,得出中国对虾 >南美白对虾 >日本对虾的结果。初步探索出 1条移植生物群落为主的生态调控养虾之路     

长江口滴水湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2009年6月—2010年5月,在滴水湖设置8个采样点调查研究了大型底栖动物群落结构特征的时空变化及其与环境因子的关系。在滴水湖共采集到25种大型底栖动物,隶属3门6纲,其中甲壳纲8种(32%)、昆虫纲6种(24%)、寡毛纲和多毛纲各4种(16%)、双壳纲2种(8%)、蛭纲1种(4%)。日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚、微小摇蚊、背蚓虫、黄色羽摇蚊为优势种。底栖动物年均密度和生物量分别为(910.5±107.64)ind./m2和(8.62±2.01)g/m2。底栖动物群落结构包括物种组成、现存量和多样性均无显著季节和空间变化。RDA分析结果表明,活性磷酸盐、叶绿素a、CODMn、pH、溶解氧是影响大型底栖动物物种分布的关键环境因子,日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚、日本大螯蜚、红裸须摇蚊和背蚓虫与溶解氧正相关,与营养盐水平和水温负相关,微小摇蚊和黄色羽摇蚊正好相反。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和BPI生物指数水质生物学评价表明,滴水湖处于中度污染状态。     

对虾鳃虱亚科(甲壳动物亚门:等足目)的分类学与动物地理学研究进展

基于对虾鳃虱亚科(Orbioninae)的形态学特征,作者比较了属间存在的差异,对该亚科的分类学研究进展进行了归纳。总结世界范围内对虾鳃虱亚科的地理分布特征,解析该亚科动物地理区系特征。迄今,对虾鳃虱亚科包括8属39种,分别为:异对虾鳃虱属(Anisorbione Bourdon,1981,1种);偏对虾鳃虱属(Asymmetrorbione Boyko,2003,2种);表对虾鳃虱属(Epipenaeon Nobili,1906,8种);小对虾鳃虱属(Minicopenaeon Bourdon,1981,4种);圆对虾鳃虱属(Orbione Bonnier,1900,8种);仿偏对虾鳃虱属(Parasymmetrorbione An,BoykoLi,2013,1种);拟对虾鳃虱属(Parapenaeon Richardson,1904,13种);仿拟对虾鳃虱属(Parapenaeonella Shiino,1949,2种)。在中国各大海域共发现对虾鳃虱亚科物种6属18种。对虾鳃虱亚科形态特征:头前板和底节板发达,体形较大。从形态特征推测的系统发育关系,作者认为对虾鳃虱亚科是寄生亚目寄生于鳃部中比较进化的类群、其地理分布范围受寄主对虾总科分布的限制、物种分布相对集中、主要分布范围于印度-西太平洋海域。根据该亚科主要属种的地理分布信息,作者推测该类群的演化是从环热带古地中海闭合开始,直到始新世。     

篑筜湖大型海藻群落的几种钩虾亚目端足类的种群产量研究

于2007年12月到2008年5月在厦门筼筜湖采集端足类样品,分析了筼筜湖大型海藻群落中端足类的种群结构并估算其种群产量.结果显示,生活在筼筜湖大型海藻群落的端足类生活史短暂,上野蜾赢蜚(Corophium uenoi)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica)和强壮藻钩虾(Ampithoe val...     

中国对虾素在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中的重组表达

中国对虾素是从中国对虾血细胞中克隆得到的一种抗菌肽。为了进一步研究中国对虾素(CHP)的功能并为制备特异性抗体作准备，采用大肠杆菌表达外源蛋白的方法，进行了对虾素原核表达的研究。根据从中国对虾血细胞中克隆得到的对虾素基因设计特异性引物扩增中国对虾素成熟肽基因(CHP)，插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中，在E．coli BL21表达融合蛋白GST-CHP．结果表明，不同表达菌株的融合蛋白表达量为30％—34％，同一菌株在诱导5h后能达到最高表达量。利用GST亲和层析纯化融合蛋白，将融合蛋白用凝血酶裂解以得到CHP，其分子量约为5．6kDa，N-端测序结果与期望的成熟对虾肽序列一致。用液体生长抑制方法检测活性，表明重组GST-CHP蛋白及CHP均表现出对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性。     

中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishiouys)粗蛋白、氨基酸含量的比较分析

作者对人工养殖中国对虾在不同生长时期、不同性别以及养殖对虾和天然对虾的粗蛋白和氨基酸含量进行了比较分析。得出的结论是:1、粗蛋白含量从8月开始增加,至9月达最高值。赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和天冬氨酸的含量在8月以后逐月增加,增加幅度较大;其它氨基酸含量随着对虾生长有上升趋势,但不明显;2、无论是养殖对虾,还是天然对虾,雌雄虾之间其氨基酸含量几乎完全相同;3、无论雌雄,养殖对虾和天然对虾的氨基酸含量基本上一致。图6与图7所示甘氨酸和亮氨酸的差异,可能是分析上的随机误差,并非对虾本身差异所带来的不同。     

Structure,Rheology, Petrology,and Geodynamics of the Tectonosphere of the Sea of Japan

Oceanology - The geological-structural, magmatic, seismic, and thermometric models of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the Sea of Japan region are considered in relation to...     

Distribution of total Al,Cd, Co,Cu, Ni and Zn in the tongue of the ocean and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean

The elements Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were concentrated from seawater using tetraethylenepentamine resin and analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The spatial distribution of these elements in the northwest Atlantic Ocean is discussed with respect to possible riverine inputs to the area from Puerto Rico.     

The status of the passive microwave sensing of the waters--Lakes, seas, and oceans--Under the variation of their state, temperature, and mineralization (salinity): Models, experiments, examples of application

This paper discusses remote sensing (RS) of the major types of water bodies by means of microwave radiometry. The analysis is based on theoretical models and experimental data taken under laboratory conditions, in a pool, from a shore, and over the oceans using aircraft and satellites. The radiation is found to depend on wind speed and the geometry of ripples, gravity waves, swell, foam, and some physical and chemical parameters of water such as its temperature, salinity, and concentration of some types of polutants. The estimates of the effectiveness of the microwave radiometric method for determining the above mentioned water-surface parameters are given. Examples of the application of microwave radiometry to obtaining operational information about some of them are also presented. The types of water observed are the inland waters, fresh or with a high concentration of salts, clean or polluted, and the oceans. The paper is based on the theoretical and experimental investigations conducted by the author and his colleagues at the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences in the USSR over the last 20 years. It also draws upon well-known Soviet and foreign publications.     

Concentrations of the elements Ag,Al, Ca,Cd, Cu,Fe, Mg,Mn, Pb and Zn,and the radionuclides 210Pb and 210Po in the digestive gland of the squid Nototodarus gouldi

Ag, Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations and ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb activities were measured in 26 specimens of the squid Nototodarus gouldi taken from the waters of Bass Strait in one jigging operation. All the elements show wide ranges in concentrations in specimens apparently subject to the same environmental conditions. Copper concentration was 27-1 200 μg/g, and ²¹⁰Po activity 4·8–24·2 Bq/g. The animal wet weights, the elements Ag, Al, Cd, Fe and Zn, and the radionuclide ²¹⁰Po have coefficients of variation in the range 40–60%; Ca, Mg and Mn show the smallest variability (CV = < 30%), and Cu the greatest (CV = 12%). Significant correlations (p < 0·001) were found between the following pairs of elements: Cd-Zn, Cd-Cu, Zn-Cu, Mg-Mn, Fe-Mn, Ca-Mg and Fe-²¹⁰Po.     

The distribution of Mn,Fe, Cu,Ni, Co,Ga, Cr,V, Ba,Sr, Sn,Zn, and Pb,in some soil-sized particulates from the lower troposphere over the world ocean

Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction.     

Methodological aspects of the determination of the Bacterioplankton number,biomass, and production

The current methods used in world practice for the determination of the basic parameters of the vital functions of bacterioplankton (the number, biomass, and production) are discussed. While comparing the different methods and their modifications, the peculiarities of their application for particular natural or laboratory environments are emphasized. The specificity of applying different microbiological methods for field research is examined. When choosing the methodological base for describing the characteristics of a bacterial community, one should proceed from the specific problem facing the researcher. In the case of routine monitoring, the following techniques are convenient and widely used: direct counts of DAPI fluorochrome-stained bacteria using a fluorescence microscope; the calculation of the biomass of the microorganisms on the basis of the relationship between the cell’s mass and its size; the estimation of the bacteria production via labeled leucine incorporation.     

中华豆蟹对青岛海区贻贝的感染及危害初探

20 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,对青岛太平角养殖海区的贻贝寄生中华豆蟹的感染情况进行了调查。以肥满指数为指标 ,通过对感染和未感染贻贝的比较 ,分析了中华豆蟹对贻贝的危害程度。结果表明 ,中华豆蟹对贻贝的感染率为 2 .0 %～ 2 0 .4 %。2 0 0 0年 11月和 2 0 0 1年 11月出现 2次感染高峰 ,分别为 9.7%和 2 0 .4 % ;最低感染率出现于 2 0 0 1年 1月和 3月 (均为 2 .0 % )。感染强度为 1～ 5 ,多数为 1(占感染个体的 83.2 % )。贻贝所感染的豆蟹的性别及感染强度与宿主的大小有关。小个体贻贝仅见雄豆蟹感染 ,绝大多数雌豆蟹见于壳长大于 2 cm的贻贝。未发现同一宿主体内同时感染 2只或以上的雌豆蟹。在调查的 15个月中 ,有 11个月被感染贻贝的肥满度显著低于未感染的贻贝 ,且雌豆蟹对宿主肥满度的影响大于雄豆蟹