北京石花洞地区奥陶纪灰岩36Cl侵蚀速率初探

本文根据理论上灰岩中36Cl的5个来源，论述了36Cl在灰岩深度剖面上的4个分布特征，描述了36Cl的采样方法和AMS的分析技术。计算出北京石花洞地区奥陶纪（O2）灰岩的表面侵蚀速度（ε=17.40μm/a）。     

宇宙成因核素测年方法及其在地球科学中的应用

宇宙成因核素地表暴露测年方法,是近年来迅速发展起来的一种新的同位素地质年代学方法.宇宙成因核素主要是由来源于银河系的宇宙射线与暴露于地表的物质作用形成的,作用机制主要包括裂变、中子捕获和介子反应.产生宇宙成因核素宇宙射线粒子主要是次生快中子、热中子和负慢介子,由于这些宇宙射线粒子在空间分布上的不同,地球上不同纬度、海拔高度和深度处的宇宙成因核素生成速率也表现出较大的差异.地表物质中宇宙成因核素浓度除了受到核素生成速率和地表物质的暴露时间制约外,还与地表侵蚀速率密切相关,此外,地磁场强度、遮蔽、化学风化及样品的几何位置等也会对核素浓度产生一定影响,在求算样品的地表暴露年代时,应对这些因素进行相应的校正.宇宙成因核素地表暴露测年技术的理论和方法日臻完善,目前它已被广泛到第四纪冰川、撞击坑、火山地貌、断层面等地学问题中来.     

湘中锡矿山锑矿床的Sr同位素地球化学

对湘中锡矿山锑矿床围岩灰岩、硅化灰岩、煌斑岩和脉石矿物进行了系统的Sr同位素研究。结果表明，矿区围岩发生了隐性蚀变，灰岩中Sr亏损，而^87Sr/^86Sr高于同时代的海相碳酸盐，这种隐性蚀变很可能是水／岩反应所致。矿体附近的硅化灰岩中Sr更加亏损，而^87Sr/^86Sr明显增加。成矿期方解石的^87Sr/^86Sr较高，成矿体系中变化的W／R比造成了方解石中^87Sr/^86Sr值的明显波动。成矿流体为一富放射成因^87Sr的溶液。成矿流体来自或流经基底地层，流体中的Sr由基底碎屑岩提供，矿质Sb也可能主要来自富Sb的元古宇基底。水／岩反应的理论模拟显示，锡矿山成矿流体中的Sr约为3．0μg/g，^87Sr/^86Sr为０．７１７；蚀变－成矿体系为一开放体系，矿石的沉淀机制主要为水／岩反应，成矿体系中W／R 比较高。     

地质样品痕量氯溴和硫的X射线荧光光谱法测定

报道了粉末压样－X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量Cl、Br、S的分析方法。采用水系沉积物、岩石和土壤等国家一级标准物质进行校准。实验表明，对于不同岩性样品中Br的分析，特别是当Br的含量低于2μg/g时，采用谱峰强度（未扣除背景）与背景强度的比进行校准所得到的结果，明显优于铑靶线的Compton散射线内标法，分析精度（RSD,n=6)为2.4%-15.3%，大多数优于10％；平均值的相对误差低于24％。对于Cl的分析，只需对Ca的影响加以校正即可得到非常好的结果；不同样品中Cl的分析精度（RSD，n=6)为2.1%-13.6%，大多数优于5％；平均值的相对误差不大于25％，多数优于10％。S的校准曲线的离散性较大，矿物学效应是影响S分析准确度的主要因素，其分析精度（RSD,n=6)为0.87%-5.6%，除个别样品外，平均值的相对误差优于36％。Cl和S均存在分析结果随测量时间（次数）的增加而增高的现象，必须在制样后立即测量。方法的检出限（μg/g)Br、Cl、S分别为0．43、5．8和2．2。     

大兴安岭中段二叠系大石寨组细碧岩的岩石学地球化学特征及其成因探讨

大兴安岭中段林西地区二叠纪大石寨组下部的细碧角斑岩建造记录了大石寨裂陷槽早期的发育历史，因而对其成因和构造环境的研究具有一定的意义。本文在详细地野外工作基础上，对二叠系大石组的细碧岩进行了较为系统的岩石学、元素地球化学及同位素地球化学研究。结果表明，细碧岩的岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、橄榄组安岩和粗安岩（或歪长粗面岩），属于拉斑玄武岩岩石系列；细碧岩的主量元素质量分数及变化范围类型似于N－MORB玄武岩；与正常洋中脊玄武岩相比较，细碧岩的LILE元素明显富集，HFSE元素的质量分数与大洋中脊玄武岩（N－MORB）相接近，Nb,Ta明显亏损；细碧岩的稀土元素分配模式具平坦型；（^87Sr/^86Sr)t为0．7013－0．7056。细碧岩形成于大石寨裂陷槽早期裂陷阶段弧后盆地局部扩张的构造环境；细碧岩是由拉斑玄武质岩浆在上升过程中热卤水的严重混染后喷出地表结晶而形成的。     

崂山花岗岩小流域地表剥蚀速率研究

<正>自上世纪80年代以来,加速器质谱分析技术的发展推动了宇宙成因核素在地表过程研究中的应用。近几年有关宇宙成因核素的文献和引用频次呈爆发式增长[1]。国内相关研究多集中在河流沉积物、阶地演化、冰川历史、埋藏年龄等,对地表剥蚀速率的报道较少。宇宙成因核素是指来自外层宇宙空间的高能量宇宙射线粒子(包括原生和次生粒子、中子和微介子等)与地表/近地表岩石中元素间发生核反应而形成的稳定核素(3He、21Ne等)和放射性核素(10Be、14C、26Al、36Cl等)。宇宙成因核素生成率随深度呈指数衰     

北大巴山地区沉积黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素及其构造学意义

北大巴山区震旦一志留系地层中黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素资料，为阐明扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘的形成与演化提供了二点认识：（１）在震旦纪裂陷早期，￣（２０６）Ｐｂ／￣＿（２０４）Ｐｂ平均比值为１７．６６，表明其裂陷深度已达到下地壳范围；在寒武纪裂陷晚期及移离早期，平均比值为１９．０３，表明裂陷深度在上、下地壳附近；在志留纪的移离晚期，平均比值为２０．０８，表明此时裂陷深度在上地壳之内。（２）黄铁矿的δ￣（３４）Ｓ，由裂陷早期（Ｚ）—移离晚期（Ｓ＿１）是逐渐增大趋势，从开始的十８．２５‰增高到＋１７．４９‰．表明本区是一个封闭的古海盆环境。     

渤海地区^210Pb、^137Cs同位素测年的研究现状

近百年来环渤海地区的沉积作用是影响该区近现代地质环境变化的重要因素。本文收集了该区迄今公开发表的用于确定现代沉积速率的84组^210Pb、^137Cs柱状剖面（包括210Pb样柱52组，^210Pb、^137Cs样柱32组），其中海区39组，潮间带及沿海低地地区45组。环渤海地区的^210Pb放射性活度的深度分布曲线主要表现为3种形式：理想指数衰变型、近等幅摆动型和海洋特殊动力事件影响型。根据由陆向海方向沉积速率的变化，可初步划分为沿岸低沉积速率带、开放潮坪高沉积速率带及海区低沉积速率区；区域性差异则表现为渤海湾开放潮坪区上部由北（蓟运河口）向南（老狼坨子）沉积速率表现为高-低-高，辽东湾从其西侧的锦州湾向东至辽河河口的开放潮坪地区，沉积速率递减，黄河三角洲地区及其附近海域属于间歇式快速沉积区，莱州湾西部为高速沉积区。     

北大巴山地区沉积黄铁矿的硫,铅同位素及其构造学意义

北大巴山区震坦－志留系地层中黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素资料，为阐明扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘的形成与演化提供了二点认识：（１）在震旦纪裂陷早期，＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ平均比值为１７．６６，表明其裂陷深度已达到了下地壳范围；在寒武纪裂陷晚期及移离早期，平均比值为１９．０３，表明裂陷在上、下地壳附近；在志留纪的移离晚期，平均比例为２０．０８，表明此时裂陷深度在上地壳之内。（２）黄铁矿的δ＾３４Ｓ，由裂陷早     

碳酸酐酶对碳酸盐岩溶解的催化作用及其在大气CO2沉降中的意义

CO2向H^ 和HCO3^－的转换是一相对慢速过程。因此，其动力学可能决定碳酸盐岩的溶解速率。在灰岩和白云岩的溶解实验中，使用了自然界普遍存在的碳酸酐酶（CA）来催化这一CO2转换反应，结果发现，对灰岩而言，加入CA后，其溶解速率在高CO2分层时可增加10倍，而对白云岩，其溶解速率增加主要在低CO2分压时，可达3倍左右。这一发现表明，化学风化（包括碳酸盐岩溶解和硅酸盐风化）作用在大气CO2沉降和全球碳循环里的所谓丢失的汇中的重要性需要重新评价。毫无疑问，已往的研究由于未认识到CA在风化中的催化作用，因此低估了风化作用的速率，同时也低估了风化作用对大气CO2沉降的贡献。另一方面，也表明了研究自然界不同水体中CA分布及其活度和CA在自然界风化作用中的作用的必要性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861