乌鲁木齐南山中山带气候特征分析

对乌鲁木齐南山中山带的气候资料进行了分析，总结出主要气候特征。     

乌鲁木齐南郑山区的雷暴天气

本文利用某气象台14年的气候资料,对乌鲁木齐南山地区的雷暴天气作一较详细地描述,总结了雷暴天气活动的一般规律,初步划分了雷暴强度,归纳了4种有利于雷暴产生的大尺度背景场,对雷暴产生的原因及所需的基本物理条件做了初步分析,从而对本地强对流天气的短期、短时预报提供了一些有价值的线索。     

乌鲁木齐地区热量资源时空变化分析

根据新疆乌鲁木齐地区9个气象台站1961—2009年的气候资料,采用线性回归分析和基于GIS的混合插值法,对近49 a该地区农业气候热量条件的时空变化规律进行了分析,结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐地区热量资源具有显著的区域性差异,年平均气温、无霜冻期、≥0℃、≥10℃持续日数和活动积温在空间分布上均表现为＂平原高于山区、北部...     

乌鲁木齐南山中山带对流云降水的雷达回波特征

为了充分发挥新一代天气雷达在乌鲁木齐南山山区的探测作用,利用2003—2005年6—9月101次出现降水的雷达回波资料以及对应天气形势和地面实况,分析得出乌鲁木齐南山中山带对流云的回波顶高、强度、出现的时段、性质等参数特征和演变规律,从宏观上为该地区对流云人工增雨作业及短时预报提供科学依据。     

乌鲁木齐南山山区夏季云和降水及雷达回波特征

根据2002年夏季6～7月在乌鲁木齐南山山区的雷达观测资料，对回波的特征值以及回波的形态和演变特点进行了分析。     

乌鲁木齐南山中山带积雪特征分析

利用1971-2011年乌鲁木齐小渠子气象站资料,对南山中山带40 a来的积雪特征及变化特点进行了分析.结果表明:乌鲁木齐南山中山带平均稳定积雪期为144 d;近40 a来出现的最大积雪深度为57 cm,年最大积雪深度出现在3月下旬的频率最大,平均积雪深度以2月最厚.自20世纪80年代以来出现稳定积雪初日推迟、终日提前、稳定积雪期缩短的趋势.近40 a来最大积雪深度递增趋势主要是由于冬季降水量增加和降雪强度增强所造成;而随着气温的逐渐变暖则造成稳定积雪初日的推迟和终日提前.     

乌鲁木齐地区生长季NDVI序列影像的植被覆盖变化分析’

应用EOS／MODIS—Terra卫星数据,按照NDVI(归一化植被指数)最大值合成法计算了乌鲁木齐地区2007、2010年生长季逐旬植被NDVI序列,得到植被长势演变图和植被指数分布基础数据,结合气象资料和南山中山带牧草监测站实测数据,分析了NDVI在乌鲁木齐地区的变化特点及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明：气温、降水是NDVI变化的主要驱动因子,但植被对于气候因子的响应普遍存在滞后性。乌鲁木齐地区NDVI旬最大值总体变化在0．46～0．83范围内。与近10 a中植被长势最好的2007年同期数据比较,2010年春季植被指数比2007年推迟4旬达到0．7以上,表明植被发育期比2007年推迟10～15 d;秋季植被指数7月中旬就出现下降拐点,表明植被发育期比2007年提前4旬进入种子成熟、黄枯期或停止生长。以上结论与南山中山带牧草监测站实测结果相符。     

异常气候对高寒区杏树生产的影响及对策

杏树是雁北高寒区主栽果树品种之一，也是当地农民脱贫致富的重要收入来源。异常气候是影响当地杏树栽培优质丰产的主要障碍因素。通过近年来山西省阳高县异常天气对杏树生产的影响的分析调查，提出了相应的生产管理措施，对高寒区杏树优质丰产具有一定的指导意义。     

四川省小麦条锈病冬繁农业气候风险区划

本文针对盆地区代表点的小麦条锈病冬繁与气候条件的关系进行相关性分析,由此确定四川小麦条锈病冬繁的适宜、次适宜、不适宜气候条件指标。从风险基本理论出发,建立了包括气候条件出现频率和寄主存在数量两个环境因子的四川省小麦条锈病冬繁农业气候风险模型,并划分了高、中、低风险等级。基于GIS技术,对四川省小麦条锈病冬繁农业气候风险进行了区划。区划结果表明,四川省的川西高原地区和川西南山地是小麦条锈病冬繁阶段低风险或无风险区,而盆地区是中、高风险的集中区。其中,盆地中部地区是主要高风险区。      

基于5种气候生产力模型的乌鲁木齐地区NPP计算分析

根据大西沟、小渠子、乌鲁木齐和达坂城等4个台站1961-2007年的气候资料,分别采用Miami模型、Thornthwaite Memorial模型、Chikugo模型、朱志辉模型和周广胜模型对乌鲁木齐地区各类草场自然植被净第一性生产力进行了计算,并以周广胜模型计算结果为标准,分析了其它模型估算不同类型天然草场NPP的误差。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.