河北某斑岩型钼矿提高选矿指标试验研究

河北省某钼矿为单一斑岩型钼矿,主要金属矿物为辉钼矿。为了进一步提高钼精矿的品位和回收率,试验采用混合捕收剂(煤油∶2号油=2∶1)和新型捕收剂PE-100相结合的方法,粗选时可使粗精矿的回收率提高2个百分点,品位也略有提高。为节约生产成本,试验采用阶段磨矿阶段选别的选矿工艺,即原矿磨矿(-0.074mm占60%)后,经一次粗选,一次扫选,粗精矿再磨(-0.038mm占85%)后再进行5次精选,最终获得钼精矿品位w(Mo)=50.007%,回收率为89.90%的较好指标。     

新型捕收剂RA-92在低品位碳酸锰矿选矿中的应用

微细粒低品位锰矿由于颗粒间的非选择性聚集、浮选药剂用量大、浮选效率低等技术难题而致使其利用困难,造成大量浪费。在品位低于13%的锰矿浮选技术研究中,捕收剂最受关注,前人已研究了多种类型的捕收剂,所得精矿品位在16.9%~18.3%之间,回收率为56%~97%,回收率比较理想,但精矿品位总体不高。本文将新型捕收剂RA-92应用于湖南凤凰-花垣地区低品位碳酸锰矿(锰品位为10.7%)的选矿工艺中,实验研究了磨矿细度、pH值、抑制剂和捕收剂用量对浮选效果的影响,在最佳工艺条件下,精矿品位由原矿的10.7%提升至17.4%,回收率达到80.2%。研究表明RA-92对碳酸锰矿具有良好的捕收性能,浮选工艺相对简单且捕收剂用量少,浮选成本较低,可为此种捕获剂在微细粒低品位碳酸盐锰矿选矿中的应用得到推广。     

Interaction of thionocarbamate and thiourea collectors with sulphide minerals: a flotation and adsorption study

The ability of O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC), O-isobutyl-N-ethoxycarbonyl thionocarbamate (IBECTC) and butyl ethoxycarbonyl thiourea (BECTU) collectors to increase the flotation of the sulphide minerals, chalcopyrite, galena and pyrite, has been studied. For each collector, the flotation characteristics of these minerals, flotation rate constant and flotation recovery maximum, have been calculated from the flotation data and compared as a function of pH and collector concentration. Overall, the flotation performance of these collectors is stronger for chalcopyrite than for galena and pyrite. Flotation increases with collector concentration and decreasing pH values. For chalcopyrite, the collector performances of BECTU are slightly better than those of IPETC but far superior to those of IBECTC, especially at high pH values or at low collector concentrations. The flotation performance of these collectors has been shown to be in good agreement with the amount of collector adsorbed at the mineral surface. The affinity of BECTU for the various minerals has been calculated using a multilayer adsorption model.     

Hallimond tube flotation of scheelite and calcite with amines

Hallimond tube flotation experiments have been carried out on the two calcium minerals scheelite and calcite using dodecylammonium chloride as collector. The main variables studied were the calcium ion concentration and the pH.In the case of scheelite, addition of calcium chloride markedly lowered the flotation recovery. Recovery was also lowered when the pH was reduced below about 10. Since it is known that the zeta potential of scheelite is almost independent of pH this confirms that co-adsorption of un-ionized amine is necessary for good flotation. Other un-ionized long-chain molecules can replace the amine; thus it was shown that excellent flotation can be obtained event at about pH 7 by adding dodecanol together with dodecylammonium chloride. With the completely ionic trimethyldodecylammonium chloride recoveries were poor and were independent of pH.In the case of calcite, calcium chloride had no immediate effect on flotation recovery, but at low collector concentrations marked depression occurred after many hours standing in the presence of calcium ions. The effect of pH on flotation of calcite was anomalous and there appear to be two pH regions in which recoveries are high.The results are discussed and attention is drawn to the need for more thorough studies of the calcium carbonate/water interface.     

利用磁团聚简化铁矿石磁选流程

论述了含假象赤铁矿铁矿石磁选工艺流程的改进。利用磁团聚工艺省去了赤铁矿回收段单独的粗精矿再磨设备及后继的中磁场精选作业。节省了设备投资费用及生产成本,而且铁实收率较之传统工艺有所提高。对类似该矿石性质的氧化带混合铁矿石磁选流程的制定及现场流程改造有启迪意义。     

金刚石选矿方法与评价

金刚石原生矿和砂矿的选矿方法各有异同,但总体来说可分为粗选和精选两个阶段.粗选主要是利用重选跳汰法来进行,精选采用多种方法联合进行.而质量则是整个选矿过程的关键,质量检查应采取多种方法进行,每个工序和各个级别有不同的质量要求.金刚石总的回收率应不低于95%.     

微量注射器中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的残留与清洗研究

微量注射器越来越多地用于转移微量液体,但是微量注射器中有机化合物的残留可能造成的交叉污染易被忽视。本文系统地研究了微量注射器中有机氯农药类和多氯联苯类化合物的残留和清洗效果。结果表明,三个品牌的微量注射器清洗的难易不同,在选择微量注射器时应根据实验结果选择满足实验要求的类型;正己烷清洗液的体积与稀释倍数成正比,原因在于0.1 mL、0.2 mL、0.5 mL和1 mL第一针清洗液洗出的化合物质量接近,清洗液体积甚至与洗出化合物的量负相关,因此选用体积最小的0.1 mL效果和成本优势最大;相同浓度的有机氯农药类和多氯联苯类化合物清洗效果接近,原因可能是这两类化合物的理化性质相近;不同浓度的标准溶液需要清洗的次数不同,浓度越高的标准溶液需要清洗的次数越多。本文总结出三条清洗规律:①1 mL微量注射器中的残留量约为吸取量的1%左右;②第一针洗出化合物的量超过残留量的90%;③随着清洗次数的增加,呈现清洗效果越来越差、稀释倍数越来越小的趋势。根据这些规律,可以针对不同浓度的不同化合物采取相应的清洗措施,在标准溶液配制和气相色谱仪方法设置过程中更有效地预防污染和节约成本。     

Flotation of fluorite with n-alkylammonium chlorides

Experimental study on the electrokinetic and flotation behaviour of fluorite in solutions of n-alkylammonium chlorides (with 10, 12 and 14 carbon atoms) is given. The zero point of charge (ZPC) of luorite was determined by measuring zeta potential (streaming potential method) as a function of pH. Two conditioning times of the mineral with the solution were used (10 minutes and 48 hours) and the respective ZPC were located at pH 2.2 and 8.4. Decyl-, dodecyl- and tetradecylammonium ions seem to be strongly adsorbed on the interface because they made the zeta potential more positive as the concentration increases. Hallimond tube flotation of fluorite was studied and shown to be influenced by the chain length of the collector and both collector and hydrogen ion concentrations. Flotation recovery for a given concentration of collector increases with the number of carbon atoms of the chain. The results have been discussed in the light of the electrical double-layer theory.     

深层搅拌桩加固软土地基的应用研究

深层搅拌桩广泛用于软基加固工程。当软土含水率＞50％时，可采用喷粉施工；反之，宜采用喷浆施工工艺，水泥土的加固，可用调节搅拌轴回转速度来控制搅拌效果。根据某镇工程实例的工程地质条件，介绍了具体的施工工序，指出严格执行操作规程和确保水泥质量，是保证加固桩体强度与均匀性的关键。施工中必须合理选择施工工艺和实行质量控制，以避免断桩或搅拌不均匀，生产实践表明，深层搅拌桩加固软基工艺成桩快、成本低，有利于环境保护。     

Carius管直接蒸馏快速分离锇方法的改进

蒸馏法是Re-Os同位素测量体系从基质中分离Os的一种快捷方法,但装置繁琐,清洗工作量大,已成为限制其应用的瓶颈。文章对Carius管传统蒸馏装置进行了改进,利用橡胶滴头代替硅胶管和玻璃堵头自制Carius管直接蒸馏接口装置,简化了气体进出口管路,使用电蒸笼代替电热套,对蒸馏时间、样品溶液稀释倍数和吸收液体积等蒸馏条件进行了优化。改进后的装置升温速度、稳定性和简便性得到提高,简化了实验器皿,有利于降低空白,实现在较小操作空间内大批量样品的同时处理。Carius管直接蒸馏实验结果表明,Os的回收率可达86.7%～95.2%。在长时间(2 h)蒸馏条件下,Os回收率比传统蒸馏瓶法高约41%。针对不同样品类型和测试仪器,可选择相应的蒸馏条件,有效压缩了样品处理时间,提高了测量计数。对Re-Os定年标准物质GBW 04436(JDC)测定5次的模式年龄为(139.5±1.9)Ma～(142.0±2.1)Ma,标准物质GBW 04435(HLP)测定2次的模式年龄为(220±3.3)Ma～(223.0±3.2)Ma,分别与标准值(139.6±3.8)Ma和(221.4±5.6)Ma在不确定度范围内一致。改进后的Carius管直接蒸馏装置已应用于日常样品处理。     

New data on distribution of indium in ore deposits of Central Kazakhstan

Iron, tin, tungsten, copper, and polymetallic deposits are examined and the paper investigates the mineral distribution of indium in mineral deposits in central Kazakhstan. Indium is a relatively rare element; of the 18 formations examined only five revealed high concentrations of indium. Economic accumulations were discovered only in Early and Late Variscan skarnitic formations with lead-zinc, copper, and bismuth mineralizations. Among the hypogene minerals, indium was found in sulfides, and silicates. Among supergene minerals indium was found only in oxides, carbonates, and silicates. Sphalerites are the principal collector of indium. No connection between the enrichment in indium and the typomorphic peculiarities of different varieties of sphalerites could be established. In mineral deposits with higher indium concentration, a paragenetic connection of this element with tin is noticeable. Regular enrichment of sphalerites in indium would admit as most probable an isomorphous replacement of zinc and bivalent iron by indium. — A.W. Bellais     

Study of celestite flotation efficiency using sodium dodecyl sulfonate collector: factorial experiment and statistical analysis of data

Flotation tests of synthetic mixtures of celestite (SrSO₄) and calcite (CaCO₃) minerals using sodium dodecyl sulfonate as collector were carried out using a factorial experimental design 2³. The independent experimental variables included celestite grade in the feed (50% and 90% SrSO₄), conditioning pH (6.5 and 9) and sodium silicate depressant concentration (10⁻⁵ and 10⁻³ M). All experiments were performed at a constant collector concentration (10⁻⁴ M) and conditioning time of 15 min. The response variables were recovery and grade of SrSO₄ in the concentrate.The factors that had the greatest effect on the grade and recovery of celestite were the celestite grade in the feed (L) and the depressant concentration (C); also the combination of these factors significantly affected the response variables. The highest celestite yield (96% recovery, 98% grade) was obtained when a 90% of celestite grade in the feed was used.     

柿竹园矿床大理岩型锡矿石工艺矿物学研究

大理岩型锡矿石产于燕山早、中期千里山花岗岩与中、上泥盆统灰岩的外接触带。矿石呈细脉、网脉浸染状,锡矿物有:锡石、黄锡矿,富钛尼日利亚石、尼日利亚石和木锡矿,脉石矿物绿帘石、石榴石、电气石、萤石、方解石及磁黄铁矿等亦含锡,锡主要呈锡的浊立矿物存在,占总锡量的89.78％,其中锡石锡占总锡量的80.01％,其次有呈类质同象形式存在的锡,在绿帘石、石榴石、电气石等矿物中以Sn~(4+)取代Fe~(3+),这类锡占总量的8.33％。工艺矿物学研究表明,该类锡矿石以“贫”、“细”、“杂”为特征。锡不仅十分分散,而且品位偏低,矿石矿物组合及镶嵌关系复杂、相互包裹,紧密连生;锡矿物粒度微细,粒径一般为0.2～0.01mm,部分为<0.0l～0.002mm,是一种难选的锡矿石类型。通过锡的回收试验,采用选冶联合工艺流程,预测锡的最佳回收率可达50％以上。     

XO螯合形成纤维分离富集微量锆铪性能的研究

本文采用先螯合后吸着的方法,研究了XO螯合形成纤维分离富集微量锆铪的性能。试验研究表明,该纤维能富集浓度低至0.04ppm的锆铪,并且能与大量基体元素相分离;当锆铪总量约为0.41ppm时,采用本方法九次测定的标准偏差为0.21,变异系数为1.05％;回收率可达99.24％。该方法具有操作简便、交换速率快、干扰少、富集能力强、成本低等特点,适用于成分较复杂样品中微量锆铪的分离和富集。     

Interpretation of interaction effects and optimization of reagent dosages for fine coal flotation

The effect of three most important reagents for coal flotation namely sodium meta silicate, collector (kerosene) and frother (MIBC) was studied using 2³ full factorial design. The regression models were developed using factorial experiment data to quantify the effect of sodium meta silicate, collector and frother and to predict grade and recovery of combustible material for different reagent conditions. The addition of sodium meta silicate increased the recovery without affecting the grade significantly. The MIBC addition reduce the surface tension at the liquid–vapor interface, which results in the production of finer bubble size distribution and thus improves flotation rates and recovery values. However, a finer bubble size distribution also increases water recovery, which results in a greater recovery of entrainable ash bearing particles and thus degradation of the product grade. The interaction between OH group of MIBC and hydrated mineral matter improves flotability of high ash coal particles and degrades the product grade further. The negative effect of kerosene and MIBC interaction on both grade and recovery could be due to the recovery of high ash coal particles in preference to low ash coal particles. The highest possible grade of product is 94.19% combustibles with 25.33% recovery. A product with 91.11% combustibles grade at 95.58% recovery was obtained at 0.1 g/kg sodium silicate, 0.4 g/kg collector and 0.075 g/kg frother from the coal fines tested.     

氢化物发生—原子荧光法快速测定锑及其化合物中的锡

通过研究在不同酸度、还原剂浓度下Sn(Ⅱ)、Sb(Ⅴ)发生氢化反应的差异性，建立了不需通过化学预分离，原子荧光直接测定锑及其相关产品中微量锡的快速方法，并运用于实际样品的分析，结果与石墨炉原子吸收法结果相符。方法对样品加标测定的回收率大于94%，对实际样品的检测最低含量为1.0×10     

湖南骑田岭芙蓉锡多金属矿田锡的赋存状态及迁移形式

芙蓉矿田锡矿床按成因可分为构造蚀变带-矽卡岩复合型、构造蚀变带型、蚀变岩体型、矽卡岩型、脉状云英岩型等五种类型。各类型矿体中锡主要以锡石锡的形式出现,其分布率由92.17~97.77%,硫化锡、胶态锡、硅酸锡的分布率<8%。锡元素在钠长石化成矿作用阶段,很可能是以氧的络阴离子SnO33-、氢氧络阴离子〔Sn(OH)6〕2-的形式迁移;在云英岩化成矿作用阶段,主要以氟的络合物,如Na2SnF6,Na2〔Sn(OH、F)6,〕SnF4,K2SnF6等形式搬运;到了绿泥石化锡石硫化物阶段,锡又以硫化锡酸盐、硫化物(Na2SnS3,SnS2,SnS)和氯的络合物(Na2SnC l6)、氟的络合物等形式进行迁移和搬运。     

Hydraulic analysis of a radial collector well for riverbank filtration near Nakdong River, South Korea

A radial collector well is used for the extraction of a large amount of groundwater without causing a deep drawdown at the well??s center, and it is appropriate for the supply of municipal water through riverbank filtration (RBF). Flow path changes caused by water extraction through a radial collector well were simulated to estimate the amount of river water induction at a RBF site associated with Nakdong River in South Korea. The structure of the screened horizontal arms of a radial collector well was examined with respect to effective riverbank filtration. The relative ratio of the river water induced to the radial collector well compared to the total groundwater extraction was estimated to be 27?C52%. The amount of induced river water varies with the distance of a horizontal arm from the river, indicating that the location and structure of the collector well is significant for RBF. In all simulation cases, the maximum drawdown of the groundwater level near the collector well was 2.1?m, which is not significant considering the substantial pumping rate at the study site. It was concluded that RBF radial collector wells can be used at the study site for a sustainable water supply.     

矽卡岩锡矿石中锡的赋存状态与锡物相

锡矿物约有六十种,含锡矿物约有二十种。胶态锡是化学物相的概念,是指能溶于１∶３的硫酸中的各类矿物中的锡。它不是某一矿物物相。木锡石、胶状锡石均为锡石的一种,水锡石则是研究得不很清楚的一种矿物。硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿中都存在类质同象态锡。根据锡矿物和含锡矿物的特性,将矽卡岩锡矿石中的锡分成氧化物相、硫化物相、水锡石相、硅酸锡相四个化学物相,它们各有相对应的矿物,新的化学物相方法利于指导选冶生产。     

Determination of the Tin Stable Isotopic Composition in Tin‐bearing Metals and Minerals by MC‐ICP‐MS

This study uses MC‐ICP‐MS for the precise analysis of the stable tin isotopic composition in ore minerals of tin (cassiterite, stannite), tin metal and tin bronze. The ultimate goal is to determine the provenance of tin in ancient metal objects. We document the isotope compositions of reference materials and compare the precision of different isotope ratios and the accuracy of different procedures of mass fractionation correction. These data represent a base with which isotopic data of future studies can be directly compared. The isotopic composition of cassiterite and stannite can be determined after reduction to tin metal and bronze, respectively. Both metals readily dissolve in HCl, but while the solutions of tin metal can be directly measured, the bronze solutions must be purified with an anion exchanger. The correction of the mass bias is best performed with an internal Sb standard and an empirical regression method. A series of Sn isotope determinations on commercially available mono‐element Sn solutions as well as reference bronze materials and tin minerals show fractionations ranging from about ?0.09‰ to 0.05‰/amu. The combined analytical uncertainty (2s) was determined by replicate dissolutions of reference materials of bronze (BAM 211, IARM‐91D) and averages at about 0.005‰/amu.