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1.
京北地热田开发对地下流体动态的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在地震地下流体动态研究中发现有多种干扰,特别是地下水资源开发的干扰较为普遍,地下热水开发的干扰较为严重,影响地下流体动态监测的效果,因此需要关注、调查与研究地下水开采对地下流体动态的影响问题。作者在研究京北地热田区水文地质条件及热水开采的历史与现状的基础上,重点分析了热水开采对不同水文地质条件与离开采井距离不等的观测井地下流体动态的影响及这种影响在不同测项上表现的差异。研究结果表明,在京北地热田区热水开采对地下流体动态的影响距离为5km,对位于导水断裂带附近的观测井动态影响最为明显;就测项而言,对水位与水温动态的影响最为明显,其次是逸出气(Rn,Hg)动态的影响,对土壤气(CO2)动态的影响不明显  相似文献   

2.
Based on the precipitation data obtained through GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment–Tibet fieldwork from May to September 1998, this study investigated the features of the summer monsoon precipitation on the northern and southern slopes of the huge Tanggula Mountains in the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau. The results show that the precipitation on the southern slope is about 50% higher than on the northern slope, whereas the frequency and diurnal pattern of the precipitation are very similar. The mean precipitation intensity on the southern slope is larger than on the northern slope. In most cases, the daily precipitation showed similar variation on both slopes, demonstrating that the precipitation processes might be similar. In the summer monsoon period, the local convective precipitation contributed to the total precipitation on both slopes and such a contribution on the southern slope is larger. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
台站资料在我国地磁学基础研究中的应用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
台站观测资料包含了上至太阳活动、星际空间、磁层、电离层活动,下至地壳构造、地震活动、地球深部导电特征,乃至地核活动的各种丰富的信息。中国学者利用台站资料广泛开展地磁学的基础研究,在研制中国地磁场模型,研究地磁场长期变化规律、地下的导电率结构及震磁关系等方面取得了许多成果。文章介绍了台站资料在中国地磁学基础研究中的应用。  相似文献   

4.
纪念李世雄教授   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文以笔者所能领悟到的李世雄教授对提升油气勘探科学水平做出的贡献,阐述他近20年来在地震成像、Wavelet、独立分量分析(ICA)和复杂条件下动力学问题的理论方法研究成果,并对李世雄教授为提升年青后学者科学判断力和促进研究群体有效成果产出的指导风范,深表敬意.  相似文献   

5.
通过对有关资料的分析和考证,认为1911年2月1日福建德化县城关发生了一次破坏性地震,震中烈度Ⅵ度,震级344。同时分析了《时报》宣统三年正月二十九日第3页刊载的地震事件可能是指福建省德化县城关地震,而不是江西省九江发生的地震事件,因此对同年2月6日江西九江5级地震存疑。  相似文献   

6.
Because of its direct influence on the amount of unfrozen water and on the strength of intergranular ice in a frozen soil, temperature has a significant effect on all aspects of the mechanical behavior of the active layer in which temperature fluctuates above and below 0 °C. Hence seismic responses of engineering structures such as embankment on a sloping ground in permafrost regions exhibit obvious differences with seasonal alternation. To explore the distinctive seismic characteristics of a railway embankment on the sloping ground in permafrost regions, a coupled water-heat-dynamics model is built based on theories of heat transfer, soil moisture dynamics, frozen soil mechanics, soil dynamics, and so on. A well-monitored railway embankment on a sloping ground in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is taken as an example to simulate seismic responses in four typical seasons in the 25th service year. The numerical results show that seismic acceleration, velocity and displacement responses are significantly different in four typical seasons, and the responses on October 15 are much higher among the four seasons. When the earthquake is over, there are still permanent differential deformations in the embankment and even severe damages on the left slope on October 15. Therefore, this position should be monitored closely and repaired timely to ensure safe operation. In addition, the numerical model and results may be a reference for maintenance, design and study on other embankments in permafrost regions.  相似文献   

7.
凸起地形对地震动特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
郝明辉  张郁山 《地震学报》2014,36(5):883-894
采用基于ABAQUS平台的显式有限元动力学分析方法,结合人工黏弹性边界理论,研究了局部凸起地形对地震动特性(包括反应谱、峰值加速度、峰值速度和峰值位移等)的影响,分析了台地宽度对地形放大效应的影响.结果表明:凸起地形平台段空间点地震动受地形效应影响较大,在零阻尼条件下,其谱比曲线呈双峰特点,.8—0.9s的中长周期段谱比达到一个较大值1.6,在0.08—0.09s的高频段谱比超过2.0,且最大值出现在平台中点;对于凸起地形斜坡段,在大部分周期点处,顶点的谱比高于其它斜坡点,而且在周期超过0.4s的频段,斜坡段观测点的谱比表现出较明显的规律性,即越靠近顶点的观测点,其谱比值越大;坡底段地表不同观测点的谱比基本在脚点与计算边界点(人工边界点)对应的谱比值之间变化,在不同的频段均表现出较明显的规律性.凸起地形平台段宽度对地震动高频成分的放大效应具有较大影响,但只局限在一定的宽度范围内,随着宽度的增大,其对地形放大效应的影响逐渐减弱. 此外,台地宽度的变化对地震动峰值加速度的放大效应有一定的影响,而对峰值速度、峰值位移的放大效应的影响则不明显.   相似文献   

8.
相邻地形对地震动特性的影响分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于采用透射人工边界的显式动力有限元方法,研究了相邻凸起地形对地震动反应谱特性的影响,分析了相邻凸起之间距离的变化对地形效应的影响。研究结果表明:1)与单一凸起地形对地震动的放大效应相比,相邻地形的存在对地震动反应谱谱比曲线的形状影响不大,但是却对谱比的值具有较大影响,而且其影响程度的大小与地表观测点的位置有关;2)相邻凸起地形的存在对凸起平台段中点地震动高频成分的放大效应具有较大影响,随着相邻凸起之间距离的增大,该影响效应逐渐减弱,多个相邻凸起构成的组合地形对地震动的放大效应逐渐接近单一凸起地形。  相似文献   

9.
This research focused on the determination of land cover thresholds that have a significant impact on runoff generation and soil loss at the pedon scale. For this purpose, six erosion micro-plots were set up on grassland and shrubland types of rangeland in the northeast of Iran, and the amounts of vegetation cover, litter, runoff and soil loss on them were measured. A factorial statistical analysis was carried out on the completely randomized design using land cover and rainfall factors. The results show that the effect of rainfall on soil loss and runoff was greater than that of land cover. Also, the effect of land cover on soil loss was greater than that on runoff generation. Furthermore, two specific thresholds were identified: the first was from 10 to 30% of landcover and the second from 50 to 70%.  相似文献   

10.
数值模拟在地球动力学中的研究进展   总被引:15,自引:10,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
本文主要针对有限单元法,对近10几年来数值模拟在地球动力学中的应用和发展作了回顾,分为构造应力场模拟;地幔热对流模拟;板块碰撞模拟;岩石圈流变学模拟;以及地震机制与预测模拟等部分.简单阐述了当前地球动力学数值模拟的发展趋势并论述了其面临的主要问题.  相似文献   

11.
电法勘探的发展和展望   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
何继善 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):308-316
电法勘探在经历了近一个世纪的发展后,其方法理论、仪器设备、野外数据采集、处理和解释等方面都经历了一系列重大变化.本文以方法理论的进展为主线,回顾、展望了目前电法勘探中几个重要而令人关注的研究焦点.这些问题的研究进展将会对21世纪的电法勘探产生深远的影响.  相似文献   

12.
A strong-motion accelerograph array in Santiago, Chile has been installed. One of the sites is located on rock and the other six sites are on soil ground with different surface geology, so that local site effects on ground motions can be studied. As a preliminary evaluation of the site effects, the spectral ratios of weak-motion records at soil sites with respect to the rock site are calculated. The spectral ratios show that the amplification of ground motions with respect to the rock site is approximately 1.25 on dense gravel deposits, 2.5 on stiff pumice ground and 3.5 on soft silt ground.  相似文献   

13.
A scheme is proposed to calculate the effect of torsion on each lateral load resisting element of asymmetrical buildings in the context of the response spectrum technique. The scheme consists of: (i) Obtain the modal shear and torque on the building by the response spectrum technique, (ii) Compute the total modal shear forces on each frame by resolving the modal shear and torque on the building according to principles of structural mechanics. The shears on each frame due to the lateral load effect and torsional effect are combined algebraically, (iii) Obtain the total shear force on each frame by combining the total modal shears on that frame in a root sum square manner. Since the proper phase relationship between the lateral load effect and torsional effect is accounted for on a modal basis, it is believed that the proposed scheme provides a more realistic load estimate on the frames than the conventional approach. An example of a simplified mono-symmetrical frame structure is chosen to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed scheme, using dynamic time-history analysis as a standard for comparison.  相似文献   

14.
Riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic processes are intimately connected parts of upland catchment and fan environments. Trees, shrubs and grasses and hydrogeomorphic processes interact and depend on each other in complex ways on the hillslopes, channels and cone‐shaped fans of torrential watersheds. While the presence and density of vegetation have a profound influence on hydrogeomorphic processes, the occurrence of the latter will also exert control on the presence, vitality, species, and age distribution of vegetation. This contribution aims at providing a review of foundational and more recent work on the dependencies and interactions between hydrogeomorphic processes and vegetation. In particular, we address the role of vegetation in the initiation of hydrogeomorphic processes and its impact on stream morphology as well as immediate and long‐term effects of hydrogeomorphic disturbance on vegetation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
川滇菱形块体边界的现今地壳形变   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
吕弋培  廖华  苏琴  王兰 《中国地震》2002,18(1):28-37
依据川滇菱形块体边界带上所有跨断层测量资料,分析了各场地所处断裂的近期形变特征,结果表明;川滇菱形块体北段形变活动逐渐减弱,南段逐渐加强,各条断裂分别显示出不同的变形特征;菱形块体的现今水平形变以左旋走滑运动为主,垂直形变速度较低,且呈上盘抬升与下降交替出现的运动特征,部分场地的形变异常变化与其邻近的地震活动密切相关。  相似文献   

16.
多年冻土场地路基地震动位移性状研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
直接针对目前多年冻土场地道路工程抗震问题研究尚很薄弱这一事实,以在建的青藏铁路工程的抗震设计与地震加固为应用背景,基于若干种较为典型的多年冻土场地路基工况,开展多年冻土场地路基地震动位移性状的研究工作。研究表明,与不同的场地地形条件相比,场地冻土层厚度对路基地震位移响应的影响更加突出,尤其是含冻土融层路基的地震动位移值较不含冻土融层路基的地震动位移值大,因而冻土融层的存在无疑加剧了多年冻土场地路基的震害响应。  相似文献   

17.
刘洪波  刘洁 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1361-1368
时滞补偿是建筑抗震实时混合试验的重要问题。文章对时滞补偿方法的研究进行总结,将时滞补偿方法分为基于时间的位移预测时滞补偿方法、基于反馈力的位移预测时滞补偿方法、基于加载系统模型求逆的时滞补偿方法、基于控制理论的时滞补偿方法和基于集成理念的综合补偿方法。  相似文献   

18.
Wind tunnel experiments of aeolian dust deposition on topographic scale models of ranges of hills were conducted. Different hill sizes and hill spacings were used, and comparisons with the deposition patterns over single, isolated hills were made. Dust profiles over ranges of hills differ from the profiles over identical, but isolated hills. On isolated hills the sedimentation maximum on the windward hillslope is always single and located on the concave part of the slope. In the case of ranges of hills, the maximum is either single or double, with the second peak on the convex part of the windward slope in the latter case. The local sedimentation maximum on the convex leeslope, which is rather unimportant on isolated hills, is much more developed in multiple-hill topography. Also, dust deposition on the leeslopes is significantly higher in multiple-hill topography than on isolated hills. Dust patterns on ranges of hills may be affected by the dust shadow created by the most upstream-located hill. If hills succeed each other quickly, they are located within the shadow zone and are protected from important dust deposition. The plume of high air dust concentration that is created by a hill largely determines the dust pattern on the next hill. As a result of the supply of dust from above by the descending plume, areas that are normally devoid of dust now experience significant dust deposition.  相似文献   

19.
In the 1960s and 1970s, quite simply produced cylindrical Langmuir probes were used in the USSR both on satellites (Kosmos-378, Intercosmos-2, -4, -8, -10, -19) and to measure the electron density and temperature on vertical launched rockets (Vertical’-4, -6, -10) within the Intercosmos program. These measurements were first made at middle latitudes. With increasing inclination of the orbits of launched satellites (satellites had no stabilization), falling sections were sometimes observed on probe characteristics in the electron saturation region. The Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite, which was stabilized along three axes and was equipped with a cylindrical probe whose longitudinal axis was always directed downward to the Earth, was launched in 1981. This satellite allowed definite conclusions on the effect of the geomagnetic field on the form of the probe characteristic and, hence, on the determination of the electron density and temperature. Probe characteristics with falling sections are presented. These measurements are compared with those performed in a laboratory plasma. The appearance of negative sections on the probe characteristics is shown to be due to the effect of the geomagnetic field. The degree of this effect depends both on the electron density and temperature and on the probe voltage.  相似文献   

20.
随着地震科学技术的发展,地震科技信息作为学科窗口而越来越引起人们的重视。该文在阐述地震科技信息重要性的同时,又从本学科的基础、社会的需要、领导层的决策、多学科的利用及后效作用等方面,重点探讨了地震科技信息的综合价值,提出了发展地震科技信息工作的基本思路和地震科技信息逐步社会化的远景。  相似文献   

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