硫酸盐型钾混盐冷冻制取光卤石矿

针对硫酸盐型钾混盐,通过先兑卤后冷冻可除去硫酸根,再蒸发母液获得光卤石矿。实验研究了体系含水量和冷冻温度对硫酸根冻出率和钾回收率的影响,选取了3个不同冷冻温度下获得的母液进行等温蒸发实验。当冷冻温度为-20℃,体系含水量为73.00%时,硫酸根的冻出率为57.66%,总钾回收率为93.96%。     

利用盐田钾镁混盐矿制取软钾镁矾的研究

硫酸盐型盐湖卤水经日晒可得到钾镁混盐,将钾镁混盐矿加水溶解蒸发可制得较高品位的软钾镁矾其母液可继续处理钾镁混盐矿,钾和硫酸根的 在９０％以上。     

青海湖湖水的蒸发实验研究

青海湖位于青藏高原的东北部，是一个典型的大陆微咸水湖．该湖湖水的水化学类型属硫酸钠亚型．其盐度为１４．２３‰，在化学组成上与海水有着明显的差别．该湖水为ＣａＣＯ３所饱和，正在析出文石．为了查明该湖湖水的化学演化趋势、折盐序列和各种盐类析出的条件，１９９０年我们在该湖南岸采集了大量湖水样品，进行了蒸发和蒸发－冷冻－蒸发实验．其蒸发实验结果表明：随着湖水浓缩首先析出水菱镁矿，随后逐步析出石盐、无水芒硝、白钠镁矾、软钾镁矾、泻利盐、钾石盐和光卤石．其蒸发－冷冻－蒸发实验也首先拆出水菱镁矿，其后逐步析出芒硝、三水菱镁矿、石盐、泻利盐、光卤石和水氯镁石．这些实验的最终母液在室内保存了１－２个月，均有硼酸盐析出．上述实验所获得的折盐顺序和结晶途径不仅阐明了青海湖湖水的化学演化趋势，同时也阐明了青藏高原盐湖和我国东部第三纪古湖盆形成与演化过程，以及其各种盐类析出的条件．     

青海湖湖水蒸发实验研究

青海湖位于青藏高原的东北部 ,是一个典型的大陆微咸水湖。其湖水盐度为 1 4 0 7g/L ,水化学类型为硫酸钠亚型 ,化学组成不同于海水。该湖水为CaCO3所饱和 ,正在析出文石。为了揭示其湖水演化的趋势、析盐顺序和各种盐类形成的条件 ,曾在湖的南岸采集了大量湖水进行了蒸发实验和冷冻—蒸发实验。蒸发实验的结果表明 :首先析出水菱镁矿 ,随着湖水继续浓缩进一步析出石盐、无水芒硝、白钠镁矾、软钾镁矾、泻利盐、钾石盐和光卤石。冷冻—蒸发实验的结果是 :首先析出水菱镁矿 ,然后是芒硝、三水菱镁矿、石盐、泻利盐、光卤石和水氯镁石。这些实验的最终母液在室内保存了 1— 2月 ,均析出了硼酸盐。上述实验的析盐顺序和结晶途径与海水明显不同 ,而与某些青藏高原盐湖和我国东部某些第三纪古湖盆相似 ,如柴达木盆地的大浪滩干盐湖和山东的大汶口盆地等。因此 ,这些实验结果对于阐明青海湖湖水的演化趋势、青藏高原盐湖的形成和演化、以及大陆湖盆钾盐和其它盐类矿产资源的形成都是非常重要的     

温度滴定法快速测定卤水中的钾和硫酸根

一、前言盐湖天然卤水及加工工艺中的各种类型卤水,中常量钾和硫酸根的测定,通常采用四苯硼钾和硫酸钡重量法,或者容量法。这些方法操作烦琐,费工费时,远不能满足科研和生产的需要。温度滴定法基于四苯硼钠与钾离子,氯化钡与硫酸根离子沉淀反应的热效应,指示滴定起始点和终点。两者都是放热反应,当滴定剂加到试样中时,反应体系的温度突然     

三元体系CaCl2-SrCl2-H2O相平衡在高钙锶比卤水体系中分离提取氯化锶的应用

采用等温溶解平衡法测定了三元体系CaCl₂-SrCl₂-H₂O温度在353.15 K时共饱和点的溶解度。基于实验结果和文献已有报道的该体系多温下的相平衡数据,模拟了南翼山油田卤水中氯化钙和氯化锶在温度323.15 K下的分离实验。模拟钙锶分离实验结果表明,物质的量比为25.41∶1的CaCl₂和SrCl₂的混合溶液在323.15 K下蒸发结晶提纯后的固相中钙锶物质的量比降低为1.73∶1,SrCl₂的回收率为52.47%,将所得一次固相产品在323.15 K下溶解并再次蒸发后,钙和锶的物质的量比从1.73∶1降至1.1∶1,SrCl₂的回收率为78.67%,SrCl₂的总回收率为41.28%。     

察尔汗盐湖卤水模拟蒸发计算

研究了青海察尔汗盐湖不同K~+含量模拟卤水的理论蒸发过程,以25℃Na~+,K~+,Mg2+//Cl~--H_2O相图为依据,通过物料衡算,计算出各个析盐阶段和蒸发过程的析盐量、蒸发水量、成卤率。通过非线性拟合,获得单位含钾矿物和蒸发水量的关系式,为优化盐田工艺提供了理论基础,便于精控盐田。     

硫酸盐型盐湖盐田泻利盐矿硫酸镁浸取结晶工艺条件研究

本研究利用盐田高硫酸镁混盐矿—泻利盐矿和提钾老卤为原料,通过中温溶浸、冷却结晶的方法制取工业级硫酸镁。盐田高硫酸镁混盐矿热溶浸取最佳配矿条件,泻利盐矿:提钾老卤:淡水=1∶1.8∶0.8,溶浸温度(55±5)℃,溶浸时间1～2 h;将热滤液分别进行自然蒸发和冷冻结晶处理,得到的粗品经水洗均可达到工业级硫酸镁产品标准,采用冷冻结晶法收率较高,达到80.25%。     

西藏扎北盐湖夏季卤水自然蒸发实验研究

西藏扎北盐湖位于藏北高原腹地,其卤水类型属硫酸钠亚型,富含Li、K、B等元素。为综合利用该湖的液态矿产资源,于西藏当地对该盐湖富锂卤水进行自然蒸发实验。实验以Na+,Mg2+//Cl-,SO42--H2O四元体系15℃等温相图及K+,Mg2+//SO42--H2O三元体系15℃介稳相图为参考,绘制了扎北盐湖夏季卤水在秋季自然蒸发结晶路线图,研究了卤水在蒸发过程中液相的化学组成变化以及其蒸发析盐规律。结果表明,在蒸发过程早期(成卤率23.9%),锂浓度达1.2 g/L时,锂开始以Na3LiSO4.3H2O等复盐形式大量分散析出;硼在整个蒸发过程中以硼砂(Na2B4O7.10H2O)等形式分散析出难于富集;钾以钾镁矾(K2SO4.MgSO4.6H2O)和钾石盐(KCl)形式蒸发浓缩的后期大量析出。实验为扎北盐湖的盐田工程设计及制卤工艺操作提供了必要的基础数据,也可为我国西藏硫酸钠亚型盐湖卤水的综合利用提供一定参考。     

高台盐湖苦卤模拟天然蒸发研究

以高台盐湖冻硝析盐后苦卤,模拟当地气候的条件,进行兑卤蒸发和直接蒸发的试验。试验结果表明冻硝后苦卤可以制取钾混盐,作为生产硫酸钾的原料。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,