南海岩石层及边界构造的地球物理特征

南海经历了中生代主动大陆边缘到新生代被动大陆边缘的转换,其岩石层地球物理场具有明显的块、带特征.本文通过综合分析南海地区深地震探测、面波层析成像、重磁异常以及地热与岩石层流变学等各种地质地球物理资料,对南海地壳及岩石层的综合地球物理特征进行了深入总结,发现深地震探测剖面所确定的洋、陆壳转换位置与空间重力异常梯级带位置较为一致,据此拟定了南海洋、陆壳的转换边界;依据多条地壳结构剖面中拉张减薄的程度确定了正常减薄陆壳、洋陆壳过渡带及洋壳等属性特征,并初步圈定了南海下地壳高速层的分布范围.对比分析了南、北陆缘地壳结构及其拉张减薄的变化特征,从综合地球物理特征的相似性上推测了北部陆缘的中西沙陆块与南部陆缘的南沙礼乐滩陆块具有共轭对称性.依据S波速度梯度变化确定了南海岩石层厚度分布情况,揭示出南海北部陆缘存在一条岩石层厚度的减薄带,且该减薄带与高热流带具有较好的一致性.在综合分析的基础上,以深地震探测剖面与重、磁异常变化的对应性为基础,划定了南海边界构造的位置.     

汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造──台湾浅滩7．3级地震构造之一

汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构剖面，划分出华南陆缘古生代陆壳、陆架区晚古生代－中生代陆壳、陆坡带中生代－早第三纪过渡壳、新生代南海海盆洋壳及吕宋岛中生代－新生代岛弧陆壳与东吕宋海槽洋壳等地壳构造组分，并确定了上述地壳构造之间的边界断裂构造及其性质。结合地震震源分布及机制，初步确定了华南陆架盆岭构造带北、南两侧地震构造的控震构造与发震构造性质及其震源力学特征；１）指出１９９４年９月１６日台湾浅滩７．３级地震属于板缘壳幔地震及造成一千公里有感范围的原因；２）马尼拉海沟的海底地堑构造与南海海盆岩石圈地幔上隆是马尼拉海沟俯冲带震源显示正断层性质的原因，且为被动的或转换俯冲带；３）东吕宋海槽仍属于菲律宾海俯冲带性质；吕宋岛东西两侧俯冲带岩石圈板片震源深度的准三层分布，可能表明俯冲带岩石圈板片存在相应的低速滑移层。     

利用气枪地震资料对福建及台湾海峡南部地壳三维P波速度结构研究

根据福建及台湾海峡南部海陆联测试验记录到的Pg和Pm震相走时数据,利用速度与界面联合成像方法构建地壳三维P波速度结构,揭示了该区地壳深部构造特征.结果表明：福建和台湾海峡海陆过渡带以及海峡南部地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀性,滨海断裂两侧速度结构复杂,随深度呈现明显的分段特征,其上地壳海陆过渡带呈高速特性,台湾海峡呈低速特性;下地壳海陆过渡带呈低速特性,台湾海峡呈高速特性;研究区莫霍面的深度约为28~33 km,存在较明显差异,闽粤交接部位存在明显的地壳厚度减薄,莫霍面深度接近28 km,这与正常型华南活动地块与减薄型南海活动地块交汇致使地壳厚度减薄有关,体现了活动块体边界构造特征.历史大震主要发生在高低速异常过渡带且有深大断裂穿过的区域,现今中小震主要分布于闽粤海陆过渡带,这一特征可能与此地广泛发育的断层和华南与南海活动地块相互作用有关.     

利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性

本文以太行山为界将华北地区分为东西两部分,东部为河淮块体,西部为鄂尔多斯块体.利用最小二乘法,从混合路径基阶瑞利面波群速度频散提取两块体的纯路径频散,并反演其地壳、上地幔的层状结构.所得结表果明,两块体的面波频散和地壳、上地幔结构存在明显差异.东部的河淮块体地壳较薄,地壳内平均速度比西部的鄂尔多斯块体壳内平均速度约低0.13km/s,壳内20km深度左右出现低速层;而西部的块体壳内速度成层递增,未见低速层出现.两块体上地幔顶部速度均偏低,地幔低速层的埋藏深度基本相同.但西部块体地幔低速层厚,且比东部块体地幔低速层的速度约低0.3km/s.     

利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性

本文以太行山为界将华北地区分为东西两部分,东部为河淮块体,西部为鄂尔多斯块体.利用最小二乘法,从混合路径基阶瑞利面波群速度频散提取两块体的纯路径频散,并反演其地壳、上地幔的层状结构.所得结表果明,两块体的面波频散和地壳、上地幔结构存在明显差异.东部的河淮块体地壳较薄,地壳内平均速度比西部的鄂尔多斯块体壳内平均速度约低0.13km/s,壳内20km深度左右出现低速层;而西部的块体壳内速度成层递增,未见低速层出现.两块体上地幔顶部速度均偏低,地幔低速层的埋藏深度基本相同.但西部块体地幔低速层厚,且比东部块体地幔低速层的速度约低0.3km/s.     

Structure of Sumatra and its implications for the tectonic assembly of Southeast Asia and the destruction of Paleotethys

It is now generally accepted that Southeast Asia is composed of continental blocks which separated from Gondwana with the formation of oceanic crust during the Paleozoic, and were accreted to Asia in the Late Paleozoic or Early Mesozoic, with the subduction of the intervening oceanic crust. From east to west the Malay peninsula and Sumatra are composed of three continental blocks: East Malaya with a Cathaysian Permian flora and fauna; Sibumasu, including the western part of the Malay peninsula and East Sumatra, with Late Carboniferous–Early Permian 'pebbly mudstones' interpreted as glaciogenic diamictites; and West Sumatra, again with Cathaysian fauna and flora. A further unit, the Woyla nappe, is interpreted as an intraoceanic arc thrust over the West Sumatra block in the mid Cretaceous. There are varied opinions concerning the age of collision of Sibumasu with East Malaya and the destruction of Paleotethys. In Thailand, radiolarites have been used as evidence that Paleotethys survived until after the Middle Triassic. In the Malay peninsula, structural evidence and the ages of granitic intrusions are used to support a Middle Permian to Early Triassic age for the destruction of Paleotethys. It is suggested that the West Sumatra block was derived from Cathaysia and emplaced against the western margin of Sibumasu by dextral transcurrent faulting along a zone of high deformation, the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone. These structural units can be traced northwards in Southeast Asia. The East Malaya block is considered to be part of the Indochina block, Sibumasu can be traced through Thailand into southern China, the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone is correlated with the Mogok Belt of Myanmar, the West Burma block is the extension of the West Sumatra block, from which it was separated by the formation of the Andaman Sea in the Miocene, and the Woyla nappe is correlated with the Mawgyi nappe of Myanmar.     

Oceanic crust and Moho of the Pacific Plate in the eastern Ogasawara Plateau region

Abstract   To show the structure of oceanic crust and Moho around the eastern Ogasawara Plateau, we have analyzed industry-standard two-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection data. To obtain improved velocity models, phase information of seismic signals was used for velocity analysis and velocity models for oceanic crust above Moho were determined. We apply this velocity analysis technique to seismic reflection data around the eastern Ogasawara Plateau, with the result of clear images of structures within oceanic crust and Moho. South of the Ogasawara Plateau, Moho deepens proximal to the Plateau. Moho distal to the Plateau is ca 7 km below sea floor (bsf), whereas it is ca 10 km bsf near the Plateau. The characters of oceanic crust and Moho differ significantly north and south of the Plateau. To the north, the structure of oceanic crust is ambiguous, the sea floor is shallower and less smooth, and Moho is discontinuous. To the south, structures within oceanic crust and Moho are imaged clearly, and the sea floor is deeper. A strong Moho reflection south of the Plateau might represent a sharp boundary between layered gabbro and peridotite. However, discontinuous Moho reflections north of the Plateau might represent rough topography because of intensive magmatism or a gradual downward increase in velocity within a thick Moho transition zone. A fracture zone north of the Plateau also appears to separate oceanic crust and Moho of different characters, suggesting vigorous magmatism between the Plateau and the fracture zone, and that the Ogasawara Plateau and the fracture zone influenced the genesis of oceanic crust and upper mantle. Differences in acoustic characteristics to the north and south of the Plateau are apparent in profiles illuminated by seismic attributes.     

Contemporary crustal deformation of the Chinese continent and tectonic block model

We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese con-tinent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We de-lineate 9 tectonically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a denseGPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motionrates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese conti-nent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan oro-genic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associatedwith the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-likemotion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining(in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has thedeformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like,but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithosphericstructures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that thedeformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure.The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformationtakes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength.     

复杂地壳接收函数H-κ叠加——以安纳托利亚板块为例

本文理论分析了具有不同沉积层和壳幔过渡带结构的接收函数及其相关的H-κ叠加结果,然后采用接收函数H-κ叠加和波形反演方法获得了具有复杂构造演化历史的中北安纳托利亚板块的地壳厚度(H)、V_P/V_S(κ)和V_S结构.理论分析表明:厚的沉积层或沉积层和厚的壳幔过渡带共存都会使H-κ叠加失效;渐变型壳幔过渡带导致H-κ叠加的H位于过渡带中间,且随着频率增大逐渐靠近过渡带上方;倒转型壳幔过渡带导致H-κ叠加具有多极值,其结果可能反应过渡带内最大波阻抗界面上的地壳结构;1km·s~(-1)的V_P变化会导致H-κ叠加的H变化7km,而κ变化较小.实际资料分析表明:中北安纳托利亚H,κ和V_S具有强烈的横向不均匀性,大部分区域沉积层厚度0.5km,局部地区壳幔过渡带厚度3km;北安纳托利亚断层切穿地壳,在局部地区可能存在流体;研究区存在残留古老的小陆块体.本文研究表明,仔细分析接收函数波形和其随方位角的变化特征且用其他地震学方法进行约束,有助于采用H-κ叠加方法获取复杂地壳结构信息.     

Isotopic inferences on the chemical structure of the mantle

Variations in the isotopic composition of rocks derived from the upper mantle can be used to infer the chemical history and structure of the Earth's interior. The most prominent material in the upper mantle is the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). The MORB source is characterized by a general depletion in incompatible elements caused by the extraction of the continental crust from the mantle. At least three other isotopically distinct components are recognized in the suboceanic mantle. All three could be generated by the recycling of near surface materials (oceanic crust, pelagic sediments, continental lithospheric mantle) into the mantle by subduction. Therefore, the isotope data do not require a compositionally layered mantle, but neither do they deny the existence of such layering. Correlations between the volumetric output of plume volcanism with the reversal frequency of the Earth's magnetic field, and between the geographic distribution of isotopic variability in oceanic volcanism with seismic tomography suggest input of deep mantle material to surface volcanism in the form of deep mantle plumes. Volcanism on the continents shows a much wider range in isotopic composition than does oceanic volcanism. The extreme isotopic compositions observed for some continental magmas and mantle xenoliths indicate long-term (up to 3.3 Gyr) preservation of compositionally distinct material in thick (>200 km) sections of continental lithospheric mantle.     

Relation between electricity structure of the crust and deformation of crustal blocks on the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was formed by coales-cence of microcontinents of different geologic histo-ries, i.e. it consists of a series of blocks, such as Hi-malayas, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Kunlun, Qaidam and Qi- lian blocks from south to north. The blocks moved firstly in the NNE direction, then in the NE direction and at last in the ENE or E-W direction from south to north by a combined action of Indian Plate moving northward and obstruction of Tarim and other blocksnorth of the plateau. T…     

川西地区瑞雷波方位各向异性

本文使用川西密集地震台阵记录的面波资料,利用程函方程面波成像方法获得了周期为14—60 s的瑞雷波相速度及方位各向异性分布。结果显示:川滇菱形地块的川西北地块内部的低速异常明显,其下地壳各向异性快波方向以NS向为主,松潘—甘孜地块内部的低速异常稍弱,下地壳各向异性快波方向以NW?SESE向为主,表明川西北地块可能存在下地壳通道流,松潘—甘孜地块内部存在的通道流相对较弱;龙门山断裂带和丽江—小金河断裂两侧的速度结构和方位各向异性均有明显差异,可推测青藏高原内部的地壳流在东部和南部分别受高速、高强度的四川盆地和滇中地块阻挡,沿高原边界带发生了侧向流动;周期大于25 s的面波方位各向异性方向为NW?SE;与SKS分裂优势方向相近,说明四川盆地的剪切波各向异性可能主要源于上地幔;而龙门山断裂带附近壳幔各向异性较为复杂,面波方位各向异性与SKS分裂的NW?SE向弱各向异性存在差异,表明该处的剪切波各向异性可能来自地幔更深处,有待进一步研究。      

中国海-西太平洋地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演研究

重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究,我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据,结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果,分析了中国海-西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征,并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布,揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明,从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带,地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区（扬子块体和华夏块体）地壳结构复杂,三层结构明显,地壳内断裂带发育,并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入;东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈,地壳厚度变化较大,冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄,是其过渡壳性质的体现;西菲律宾海盆、九州-帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单,二层结构明显.其中,西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈,海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛,地壳厚度（5~8 km）明显小于陆壳;九州-帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20 km,缺失中地壳,表现为岛弧地壳结构;同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似,浅层磁异常体分布广泛,西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度（~17 km）略小于东马里亚纳火山弧（~20 km）,体现了裂离的不对称性;马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构（~7 km）,但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点,我们进一步认识到,陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的,陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分,板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海-西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解,促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识,深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查.     

郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区地壳速度结构

郯庐断裂带是我国东部规模最大的深断裂带.为了揭示该断裂带的深部结构,本文利用江苏、安徽、山东、上海和浙江地震台网记录的近震到时资料,对8700个地震事件重新精确定位,进而开展了多震相地震走时成像法反演地壳速度结构.通过分析郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区三维地壳速度结构图像,发现(1)研究区内不同构造块体具有差异明显的地壳速度...     

Contemporary crustal deformation of the Chinese continent and tectonic block model

We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese continent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We delineate 9 technically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a dense GPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motion rates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese continent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan orogenic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associated with the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-like motion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining (in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has the deformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like, but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithospheric structures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that the deformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure. The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformation takes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength.     

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本仙台断面地震波速结构及其地质意义

本文以中俄、俄日学者合作所得到的地球物理资料为主,结合其它相关地质-地球物理数据,组构了俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本仙台(BS)4000 km长断面,用于区域性大尺度地研究东北亚洲地壳结构和一系列地质构造问题.研究BS断面地震波速结果表明:(1)西伯利亚板块和黑龙江板块地壳结构变化较大,并可分为上、中、下部地壳,欧亚板块东部陆缘带地壳结构较简单,基本两分.贝加尔裂谷带下部地壳厚度比松辽盆地的薄约7 km,而上部地壳则相反,前者的比后者的厚约9 km.两个裂谷带在Moho界面之下的波速分布差异也较大.(2)结合前人认识,综合分析认为,贝加尔裂谷带属主动式裂谷,松辽盆地属于混合型裂谷.贝加尔裂谷形成动力主要来自地球构造圈B″层物质上涌所形成的地幔热柱的垂向作用,由BLV带佐证,松辽盆地形成动力主要来自太平洋板块斜向俯冲的中远程效应.(3)日本国所位于的西太平洋岛弧带是多地震带,除了太平洋板块俯冲产生的浅部效应、地壳中断裂与流体的直接作用等因素,本文指出仙台等速块的物性条件是岛弧带的主要不稳定因素.同时指出需要关注日本东海岸深约30~40 km的大级次地震的发生.     

Subduction and terrane collision stabilize the western Kaapvaal craton tectosphere 2.9 billion years ago

Integrative models of crust and mantle structure, age, and growth of the oldest continental nuclei—the Archean cratons—are critical to understanding the processes that stabilize continental lithosphere. For the Kaapvaal craton of southern Africa, conflicting ages of stabilization have been derived from studies of its crust and underlying mantle. New U-Pb zircon geochronological data from the western Kaapvaal craton reveal that two older (3.7 to 3.1 billion year old) continental masses, the Kimberley and Witwatersrand blocks, were juxtaposed by a significantly younger, previously unresolved episode of subduction and terrane collision between 2.93 and 2.88 billion years ago. Geological evidence indicates that convergence was accommodated by subduction beneath the Kimberley block, culminating in collisional suturing in the vicinity of the present-day Colesberg magnetic lineament. The timing of these convergent margin processes is further shown to correlate with the strong peak in Re-Os age distributions of Kimberley block mantle peridotites, eclogites, and eclogite-hosted diamonds. These data thus support the petrogenetic coupling of continental crust and lithospheric mantle through a model of continental arc magmatism, subduction zone mantle wedge processing and terminal collisional advective thickening to form Archean continental tectosphere.     

Dalrymple Trough: An active oblique-slip ocean–continent boundary in the northwest Indian Ocean

The Dalrymple Trough marks part of the transform plate boundary between India and Arabia in the northern Arabian Sea. Oblique extension is presently active across this portion of the boundary at a rate of a few millimetres per year, and seismic reflection profiles across the trough confirm that it is an extensional structure. We present new swath bathymetric and wide-angle seismic data from the trough. The bathymetric data show that the trough is bounded by a single, steep, 3-km-high scarp to the southeast and a series of smaller, en-echelon scarps to the northwest. Wide-angle seismic data show that a typical oceanic crustal velocity structure is present to the northwest, with a crustal thickness of ~ 6 km. There is an abrupt change in crustal thickness and velocity structure at the northwestern edge of the trough, and the trough itself is underlain by 12-km-thick crust interpreted as thinned continental crust. Therefore we infer that Dalrymple Trough is an unusual obliquely extending plate boundary at which continental crust and oceanic crust are juxtaposed. The extensional deformation is focused on a single major fault in the continental lithosphere, but distributed over a region ~ 60 km wide in the oceanic lithosphere.     

汶川MS8.0地震：地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究

2008年5月12日我国四川省汶川地区发生了震惊世界的M_S8.0地震.历史上,同类地震在大陆内部极为罕见.该地震深部构造背景的研究对理解其成因极为重要.本文利用中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区布设的大规模密集流动宽频带地震台阵记录的远震P波波形数据和接收函数非线性反演方法,得到了沿北纬31°线的19个台站下方120 km深度范围内的S波速度结构及台站下方地壳的平均泊松比.该观测剖面穿越了主震区,总长度约为420 km. 我们的结果揭示了川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和四川盆地三个不同地块构造差异.上述三个地块的地壳结构特征可以概括为：（1）四川盆地前陆壳幔界面向西侧倾斜并有较为明显的横向变形,地壳厚度存在46～52 km的横向变化,中下地壳S波速度存在横向变化,地壳平均泊松比值较高（0.28～0.31）,但在龙门山断裂带附近,显示了坚硬地壳的特征,地壳平均泊松比仅为0.2;（2）松潘-甘孜地块地壳厚度由西侧靠近鲜水河断裂的60 km,向东减薄为52 km,在14～50 km深度范围内存在S波速度2.75～3.15 km/s的楔状低速区,其厚度由西侧的～30 km向东逐渐减薄为～15 km,相应区域的地壳平均泊松比高达0.29～0.31; （3）鲜水河断裂西侧,川滇地块地壳结构相对简单,地壳厚度为58 km,并在26 km深度存在约10 km厚度的高速层,地壳内平均泊松比约为0.25;（4）汶川大震区在12～23 km深度上具有近乎4.0 km/s的S波高速结构,而其下方的地壳为低速结构,地壳平均泊松比0.31～0.32,汶川大震的余震序列主要分布在高速介质区域内. 本文的结果表明松潘-甘孜地块的地壳相对软弱;而且并不存在四川盆地向西侧的俯冲.我们认为在青藏高原东向挤压的长期作用下,四川盆地强硬地壳的阻挡作用可导致松潘-甘孜地块内部蓄积很大的应变能量以及上、下地壳在壳内低速层顶部边界的解耦,在龙门山断裂带附近形成上地壳的铲形逆冲推覆.汶川大地震及其邻近区域所具有的坚硬上地壳和四川盆地的阻挡作用为低应变率下的高强度应力积累创造了必要条件,而松潘-甘孜地块长期变形积累的高应变能构成了孕育汶川大地震的动力来源.     

The 3D magnetic structure beneath the continental margin of the northeastern South China Sea

Understanding the continental margin of the Northeastern South China Sea is critical to the study of deep structures, tectonic evolution, and dynamics of the region. One set of important data for this endeavor is the total-field magnetic data. Given the challenges associated with the magnetic data at low latitudes and with remanent magnetism in this area, we combine the equivalent-source technique and magnetic amplitude inversion to recover 3D subsurface magnetic structures. The inversion results show that this area is characterized by a north-south block division and east-west zonation. Magnetic regions strike in EW, NE and NW direction and are consistent with major tectonic trends in the region. The highly magnetic zone recovered from inversion in the continental margin differs visibly from that of the magnetically quiet zones to the south. The magnetic anomaly zone strikes in NE direction, covering an area of about 500 km × 60 km, and extending downward to a depth of 25 km or more. In combination with other geophysical data, we suggest that this strongly magnetic zone was produced by deep underplating of magma associated with plate subduction in Mesozoic period. The magnetically quiet zone in the south is an EW trending unit underlain by broad and gentle magnetic layers of lower crust. Its magnetic structure bears a clear resemblance to oceanic crust, assumed to be related to the presence of ancient oceanic crust there.