微相分析在高分辨率层序分析中的运用

以科学合理采出的岩心或露头样品中所获得的微相标志,可提供古水深的线索。微相标志可以有效识别作为建立碳酸盐岩三级层序地层格架基础的陆上暴露面、淹没不整合面、初次海泛面以及最大海泛面等层序界面,还可以识别和解释多种类型的准层序。     

黄铁矿单矿物分析

黄铁矿常规分析多采用单独取样,针对某些元素采用有关分析方法。因而手续较繁琐,需要样品量也大。为了简化分析流程,减少样品用量,经试验拟定了黄铁矿单矿物系统分析流程。其特点是在一分称样中通过阳离子交换树脂分离,使阴阳离子分成两部分。在含阴离子溶液中可测定硫、砷、硒、磷等元素;在含阳离子溶液中可测定铁、铜、     

回归分析法在地下水动态分析中的应用

多年来,济南泉水断流的主因一直存在争议。本文根据济南泉域1960-2002年43年的地下水位、降雨量、市区开采量、外围开采量的统计资料,建立多元回归模型,找出影响泉域水位动态的因素。分析结果表明,济南泉域地下水动态变化分为两个阶段,上世纪六十年代（1960-1967年）,影响地下水位的主要因素为降雨量,上世纪七八十年代（1968-1989年）,影响地下水位的主要因素为开采量,尤其是外围开采量。在此基础上,对回归模型进行了检验和预测,在模拟时间内的平均误差为2.1%,预测阶段内的平均误差为5.08%,与实际情况基本符合。     

小波分析在高分辨率层序地层研究中的应用

为了研究测井曲线小波变换用于高分辨率层序地层研究的方法效果，从小波系数模极值点、过零点与信号突变点数学关系出发，分析高分辨率层序地层研究对测井曲线划分不同级别层序的要求，探讨了测井小波变换最佳分解级次和适于测井曲线分层的小波函数选择，以一取心率高钻孔为例，用2种小波函数对4种测井曲线进行小波变换和高分辨率地层界面解译。研究表明，选择恰当窗宽小波函数决定测井曲线小波分层精度，测井数据sym6小波分解的小层界面划分效果要稍好于db4小波；GR、RT曲线正则性小波分解可以很好地满足高分辨率层序地层划分要求；测井曲线小波分层结果与岩心分析结果一致性好。     

改进后的频次分析法分析水文资料代表性初探

将传统的频次分析法加权改进后,量化比较和判断若干短系列水文数据与长系列资料中丰、平、枯分布的接近程度,寻找最具代表性的样本系列.这种改进使水文数据的代表性分析更为直观、合理.     

Analysis of a GPS Network Based on Functional Data Analysis

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of approaching the dynamic study of the precise positioning of a network of permanent global positioning system (GPS) stations through functional data analysis. The displacement data for each GPS station, obtained from observations of the global navigation satellite system, are a discrete sample of the positioning curve. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the original functions in order to use them as functional data. In the method presented in this paper, the geodetic series are obtained first by processing the GPS data with respect to a reference station. Second, for each station, a cleaning process is applied to eliminate the values considered as outliers, and the missing values are imputed by using a Kalman filter. Finally, the original functions are reconstructed by using smoothing techniques and by evaluating several bases of functions. Moreover, these functions are treated with statistical techniques for functional data. This procedure is applied to the permanent stations of the south of the Iberian peninsula and the north of Africa (SPINA) network. The topocentric series: east, north and up are analysed. In the analysis of the positioning curves, there is observed a synchronized behaviour of the functions in those periods of time with important seismic activity. This behaviour also appears in the analysis of the second principal component of the East and up dimensions. Furthermore, the first two principal components of the East coordinate enable us to make a classification of the stations in the SPINA network. The classification made is consistent with the previous knowledge of the tectonic plates in the studied area.     

基于层次聚类法和主成分分析法的铜陵市大气降尘污染元素来源解析研究

本文采用层次聚类法和主成分分析法对有色金属矿山城市-铜陵市的大气降尘中污染元素,主要是重金属元素的来源进行了识别,并分析了各来源所占的比例。结果显示,铜陵市大气降尘中污染物主要来源于冶金和采矿,其次为燃煤、交通和土壤扬尘等,其贡献率分别为冶金源+采矿源43.29%,燃煤源32.23%,交通源和土壤源10.53%,其他源13.94%。因此,优先控制冶金尘、采矿尘和燃煤尘,可以有效降低铜陵市大气降尘中污染元素的含量。     

硅铍钇矿全分析

硅铍钇矿是一种含钇族稀土元素和氧化铍为主的重要工业矿物,可以简单的表示为:BeFeY_2O_3.2 SiO_2,其主要部分大致含量为:SiO_223.9％、Y_2O_351.8％、FeO14.3％、BeO10％。铍和稀土元素,在国民经济和国防中,有着极其重要的价值。     

Analysis in geography

Instructions concerning factor analysis, complex analysis, system analysis, trend analysis and sensitive analysis are given. Their validity for geographical investigations and research work with integrated spatial approach is discussed. Objective are calculations and abstract results; the demarcation of areas based on homogeneous data remain subjective because of the continuum of spatial elements. Nevertheless, the fundamental finding maintains, the space-time continuum on Earth's surface can be investigated—as has been demonstrated—by several analysing methods.     

基于因子分析的岩石可钻性指标分析

岩石可钻性级别的准确划分是提高钻进效率的有效措施之一,但因其指标极多,故这项工作至今没有圆满解决.传统的方法是通过直接测定岩石的各项物理力学性质来综合判定岩石的可钻性,但这种方法有两大缺陷.首先,各项数据之间数量级和量纲的差距极大;其次,各项数据之间存在很高的相关性,直接使用原始数据判定可钻性会带来误差.用标准差化的方法对原始数据预处理可以消除数量级和量纲的差距.利用多元统计中因子分析模型则可以将原始数据分类构成少数综合因子,再利用数学变换将综合因子转化为综合指标,最终不仅达到降低原始数据维数,简化分析计算的目的,而且综合指标之间的低相关性也避免了原始数据间高相关性带来的误差.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Internal Dragline Dump stability: Finite Element Analysis

The stability of mine waste dump is of paramount importance from economic and safety point of view. The present paper deals with the stability analysis of an internal dragline dump of an opencast coal mine by finite element method to classify input parameters in terms of sensitivity. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out for geometrical and geotechnical parameters of dump slope. It has been concluded from the results that ??friction angle?? is a more sensitive parameter as compared to the cohesion of dump material. The geometrical parameters of ??slope angle?? and ??height of dragline dump?? are classified as very high sensitive. The ??height of main dump?? could be classified as least sensitive, whereas, ??gradient of the seam?? and ??thickness of coal rib?? as medium sensitive parameters.     

中子活化分析大洋多金属结核标准物质的研究

采用中子活化分析相对＿Ｋ０法对研制的两个深海多金属结核标准物质ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３中的２６种主量和微量元素进行了定值测定，所得结果与初定值符合；对中子辐照自屏蔽效应进行了实验测定和理论计算，结果显示了很好的一致性；同时还对这两个多金属结核标准物中的Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｅｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｌａ、Ｌｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎａ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｍ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｈ、Ｙｂ和Ｚｎ的取样量与取样误差关系进行了研究。结果表明，在ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３试样中分别有８种和１１种元素，在取样量１０ｍｇ时其取样误差小于１％。     

动态图像法与镜下测量法粒度分布结果对比研究

动态图像法、镜下测量法在地下沉积岩粒度分析中的应用研究较为薄弱。对塔里木轮南地区X100井三叠系水下分流河道12块砂岩样品分别采用以上两种方法进行粒度测试,将所测得的各组分含量、粒度曲线及粒度参数进行对比分析,并对镜下测量法粒度结果开展校正研究,以使这两种方法在今后能更广泛地运用于粒度分析。研究结果表明:相较于镜下测量法,动态图像法检测粗组分含量偏大而细组分含量偏小,黏土—粉砂组分和中砂组分是两种方法产生差异的分界线。检测颗粒数目的悬殊和岩石类型是两种方法存在差异的主要原因,测试方法的量程、测量原理和颗粒形状也会造成一定的影响。基于岩性的镜下测量法粒度结果校正,使两种方法的细砂—粗砂组分含量、粒径参数的相关系数从0.25~0.80提高到0.88~0.95,达到了校正基本目的,其准确性得到有效的提高。     

桑坪红柱石物相分析方法研究

本文以桑坪红柱石矿的矿物组合为依据,建立了以铝量法为基础,铝铁比值法校正十字石的干扰,测定红柱石含量的物相分析方法。研究了红柱石在确定条件下的溶解规律,粒度效应及其它影响分析的因素。提出了接近矿区实际的、较准确的分析结果校正办法,制定了较合理的试样加工流程,效果良好。     

Traceability in Geochemical Analysis

A review is presented of "traceability" and the way this concept can be demonstrated in the analysis of geochemical samples. It is suggested that the two practical methods are (i) by the analysis of appropriate certified reference materials with an evaluation of the agreement between analysed and certified values, and (ii) by the appropriate use of definitive, reference and standard methods of analysis. The differences between these two methods of demonstrating traceability are considered and the difficulties in applying them are discussed.     

矿山地质环境影响分析中若干问题的定量分析方法

湖南官山冲煤矿主采三叠系安源组5、6、7煤层,采用走向长壁式采煤法.根据采动过程采深采厚比、最大地表移动、变形、倾斜极值的计算分析认为,5、6.7煤层联合开采后,地表最大下沉值为754mm,最大水平移动值为241mm,矿区范围内地面变形较强烈,地面塌陷、地裂缝的数量及规模较大,下山方向地表变形比上山方向明显;但随着开采水平向深部延伸,地面变形逐渐减弱,对地面建筑物破坏等级将逐渐降低.利用”大井”法圈出疏排水影响范围,运用地下水均衡理论和补偿理论证明由于周期性的排泄和恢复,矿山开采对地下水资源的扰动不大,不会造成区域地下水失衡,对周边水资源环境影响不大.     

Analysis of geological events

Geological events, such as emplacement of granite or growth of slaty cleavage, may be ordered into a sequence by two methods. One is to assign each event a place in a time scale, such as years before the present, which amounts to assigning events an age designation from the set of real numbers. In ordering such a list, the algebra of real numbers applies. A second method is to determine the time relations of events in pairs, such as a fold is of type (S1, S2) or granite intrudes conglomerate. These binary relations between events may be used to order events into a sequence using the transitive properties of the relation “older than.” It is shown, however, that the binary relations between events do not follow the familiar rules for the algebra of real or integral numbers and it is necessary to erect a new system of relations called the “algebra of events.” The fundamental relation is “older than or equivalent to” and this may be used to define the relations “older than”, “younger than”, “equivalent to”, “incomparable to”, and “covers.” The essential difference from the algebra of integers is that the reflexive relation (“equal to”) is replaced by two such relations (“equivalent to” and “incomparable to”) in the algebra of events. A number of binary relations between events may be assembled into an event matrix which is basically a truth table for the relation “older than.” This may be ordered and stacked by operations termed ORDER and STACK. The relationship of each event to every other event may be determined by simple inspection of an ordered, stacked matrix, and from this a geological history may be assembled. If there are contradictions in the field data, ordering into a proper sequence is impossible and may be detected. If there are ambiguities in the field data, there are several different orders that are proper sequences so that the event matrix may be ordered. However, the ambiguities occur as voids in the stacked matrix.     

赤平投影的程序化方法与实现

对于存在构造面岩石边坡的稳定分析 ,赤平投影方法是一种行之有效的方法 ,但是赤平投影理论较为抽象 ,图解方法较为繁琐 ,手工绘制误差较大 ,因此编制了赤平投影程序 ,能够很方便、准确地进行边坡稳定性判断。     

Analysis of shield tunnel

This paper proposes a two‐dimensional finite element model for the analysis of shield tunnels by taking into account the construction process which is divided into four stages. The soil is assumed to behave as an elasto‐plastic medium whereas the shield is simulated by beam–joint discontinuous model in which curved beam elements and joint elements are used to model the segments and joints, respectively. As grout is usually injected to fill the gap between the lining and the soil, the property parameters of the grout are chosen in such a way that they can reflect the state of the grout at each stage. Furthermore, the contact condition between the soil and lining will change with the construction stage, and therefore, different stress‐releasing coefficients are used to account for the changes. To assess the accuracy that can be attained by the method in solving practical problems, the shield tunnelling in the No. 7 Subway Line Project in Osaka, Japan, is used as a case history for our study. The numerical results are compared with those measured in the field. The results presented in the paper show that the proposed numerical procedure can be used to effectively estimate the deformation, stresses and moments experienced by the surrounding soils and the concrete lining segments. The analysis and method presented in this paper can be considered to be useful for other subway construction projects involving shield tunnelling in soft soils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向数据的AVO分析思路

国外石油公司在安哥拉深水区寻找古近系和新近系浊积砂岩油藏的勘探实践过程中, 使用AVO属性分析进行烃类检测取得了很高的成功率, 但也有一些区块遇到了与传统的AVO解释模板不一致的例子.通过对研究工区地震数据的分析, 利用精细的地震AVO正演模拟, 认识了含油砂岩的AVO响应特征, 并提出了相应的AVO交汇解释思路, 辅助含油气信息的检测.