Modeling Urban Growth Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study models the spatial variations of urban growth patterns with a logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Through a case study of Springfield, Missouri, the research employs both global and local logistic regression to model the probability of urban land expansion against a set of spatial and socioeconomic variables. The logistic GWR model significantly improves the global logistic regression model in three ways: (1) the local model has higher PCP (percentage correctly predicted) than the global model; (2) the local model has a smaller residual than the global model; and (3) residuals of the local model have less spatial dependence. More importantly, the local estimates of parameters enable us to investigate spatial variations in the influences of driving factors on urban growth. Based on parameter estimates of logistic GWR and using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method, we generate a set of parameter surfaces to reveal the spatial variations of urban land expansion. The geographically weighted local analysis correctly reveals that urban growth in Springfield, Missouri is more a result of infrastructure construction, and an urban sprawl trend is observed from 1992 to 2005.     

Assessment and Management Flash Flood in Najran Wady Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Flash flood assessment and management are necessary for municipal, urban growth planning and emergency action plans. By using the Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System software, we can model flash flood events and calculate water surface profiles over the length of the modeled stream. After collecting elevation points by using GPS method, the digital elevation model can be calculated for the study area. Najran city has main flood stream passes beside King Abdullah Road based on facts and previous works. A small study area including the mainstream of Wady Najran and King Abdullah Road has chosen as test site. The used methodology has also been proved efficiently for identifying flood inundation maps. Water extent area overlapped by 52–86% for both used methods. At discharge Q = 15 m³/s, the road needs to be protected from the flood.     

Estimation of Trophic State Index of Sukhna Lake Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The present study is focussing on that how Landsat 7 ETM⁺ can be effectively used for estimation of Trophic State Index for Sukhna Lake. Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh has undergone lot of changes in last few decades. The depth and area both reduced tremendously. The shrinkage of the lake is due to the siltation and inadequate water volumes flowing to it. The Trophic State Index has been estimated by using secchi disk transparency and Landsat 7 ETM⁺ data. The in situ observations for parameters like pH, DO were measured by using multiparameter water quality instrument TROLL 9500. The best tested interpolation technique has been used to generate in situ images. The results have shown that the lake is in Hypereutrophic condition since 2000.     

Assessment of Post-fire Soil Erosion Risk in Fire-Affected Watersheds Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Soil erosion is a prominent cause of land degradation and desertification in Mediterranean countries. The detrimental effects of soil erosion are exemplified in climate (in particular climate change), topography, human activities, and natural disasters. Forest fires, which are an integral part of Mediterranean ecosystems, are responsible for the destruction of above-and below-ground vegetation that protects against soil erosion. Under this perspective, the estimation of potential soil erosion, especially after fire events, is critical for identifying watersheds that require management to prevent sediment loss, flooding, and increased ecosystem degradation. The objective of this study was to model the potential post-fire soil erosion risk following a large and intensive wildland fire, in order to prioritize protection and management actions at the watershed level in a Mediterranean landscape. Burn severity and preand post-fire land cover/uses were mapped using an ASTER image acquired two years before the fire, air photos acquired shortly after the fire, and a Landsat TM image acquired within one month after-fire. We estimated pre-and post-fire sediment loss using an integrated GIS-based approach, and additionally we analyzed landscape erosion patterns. The overall accuracy of the severity map reached 83%. Severe and heavy potential erosion classes covered approximately 90% of the total area following the fire, compared to 55% before. The fire had a profound effect on the spatial erosion pattern by altering the distribution of the potential erosion classes in 21 out of 24 watersheds, and seven watersheds were identified as being the most vulnerable to post-fire soil erosion. The spatial pattern of the erosion process is important because landscape cover heterogeneity induced especially by fire is a dominant factor controlling runoff generation and erosion rate, and should be considered in post-fire erosion risk assessment.     

利用遥感和GIS的方法预测外来入侵物种的潜在分布

外来物种入侵已经成为人类历史上最重大的生态事件之一,它直接威胁到了包括中国在内的世界上很多国家的经济、公众健康、农业生产力和生态的完整性。该研究利用遥感和GIS的方法进行了外来入侵物种的相对适生区分析,预测了外来物种-豚草在中国的潜在分布,并在信息理论的框架下建立了一种改进的加权平均逻辑回归模型。利用logit阈值和频率统计的方法对入侵物种的生境进行相对适应性划分,减小了生物多样性数据的不对称带来的影响。     

Quantitative Determination of Soil Erosion and Prioritization of Micro-Watersheds Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Soil erosion which occurs at spatially varying rate is a widespread threat to sustainable resource management at watershed scale. Thus estimation of soil loss and identification of critical area for implementation of best management practice is central to success of soil conservation programme. The present study focuses application of most widely used Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to determine soil erosion and prioritization of micro-watersheds of Upper Damodar Valley Catchment (UDVC) of India. Annual average soil loss for the entire basin is 23.17 t/ha/yr; for micro-watersheds. High soil loss is observed in 345 micro-watersheds, medium in 159 micro-watersheds and low soil loss is observed in 201 micro-watersheds. It is found that, out of 705 micro-watersheds of UDVC, 453 micro-watersheds are in agreement with AISLUS suggested priority which is based on observed sediment yield, 116 micro-watersheds under predict and 136 micro-watersheds over predict the priority. Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to prepare various layers of USLE parameters which interactively estimate soil erosion at micro-watershed level. The main advantage of the GIS methodology is in providing quick information on the estimated value of soil loss for any part of the investigated area.     

Area Delineation and Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in Lanzhou City,China Using Remote Sensing Imagery

One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). By using the Landsat TM/ETM+ thermal infrared remote sensing data of 1993, 2001 and 2011 to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of Lanzhou City, and by adopting object-oriented fractal net evolution approach (FNEA) to make image segmentation of the LST, the UHI elements were extracted. The G* index spatial aggregation analysis was made to calculate the urban heat island ratio index (URI), and the landscape metrics were used to quantify the changes of the spatial pattern of the UHI from the aspects of quantity, shape and structure. The impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage were extracted by a constrained linear spectral mixture model to explore the relationships of the impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage with the UHI. The information of urban built-up area was extracted by using UBI (NDBI-NDVI) index, and the effects of urban expansion on city thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed, with the URI and the LST grade maps built. In recent 20 years, the UHI effect in Lanzhou City was strengthened, with the URI increased by 1.4 times. The urban expansion had a spatiotemporal consistency with the UHI expansion. The patch number and density of the UHI landscape were increased, the patch shape and the whole landscape tended to be complex, the landscape became more fragmented, and the landscape connectivity was decreased. The heat island strength had a negative linear correlation with the urban vegetation coverage, and a positive logarithmic correlation with the urban impervious surface coverage.     

Identification of Artificial Recharge Sites for Noyyal River Basin Using GIS and Remote Sensing

The water is a nature’s valuable gift to all life forms. Water quality and quantity plays a major role for the growth and development of community. Both natural and human factors influence the quality and quantity of water source. Depending upon the quality and quantity of groundwater it can be used for various purposes, such as drinking, agricultural and industrial. Due to revolution in industries and various anthropogenic sources in the past decades, groundwater has been polluted and depleted. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has become one of the leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. GIS technology provides suitable alternatives for efficient management of large and complex databases. In recent years, the increasing use of satellite remote sensing data has made it easier to define the spatial distribution of different groundwater prospect classes on the basis of geomorphology and other associated parameters. Analysis of remotely sensed data along with Survey of India(SOI) topographical sheets and collateral information with necessary field checks helps in generating the base line information for artificial recharge. The artificial recharge sites were identified by integrating thematic maps of geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density and lineament density of the study area. The study focuses on the development of remote sensing and GIS based analysis and methodology for identifying artificial recharge studies in Noyyal river basin.     

GIS专业测绘遥感课程群建设与实践

针对GIS专业测绘遥感类课程教学中存在的问题,提出建立测绘遥感课程群的解决方案及监督保障措施,从而推动GIS专业测绘遥感类课程的全面优化与整合,从整体上提升教学质量。     

An Automatized Frequency Analysis for Vine Plot Detection and Delineation in Remote Sensing

The availability of an automatic tool for vine plot detection, delineation, and characterization would be very useful for management purposes. An automatic and recursive process using frequency analysis (with Fourier transform and Gabor filters) has been developed to meet this need. This results in the determination of vine plot boundary determination and accurate estimation of interrow width and row orientation. To foster large-scale applications, tests and validation have been carried out on standard very high spatial resolution remotely sensed data. About 89% of vine plots are detected corresponding to more than 84% of vineyard area, and 64% of them have correct boundaries. Compared with precise on-screen measurements, vine row orientation and interrow width are estimated with an accuracy of 1$^{circ}$ and 3.3 cm, respectively.      

《遥感与GIS综合》课程教学改革与实践

本文结合《遥感与GIS综合》课程的具体实践,从课程的教学内容体系构建、教学方法和考核方式等方面入手,探索如何通过这些环节的改革,促进学生创新思维和综合能力的培养,提高课程教学质量.     

发展中国遥感与地理信息系统的战略

当我们走向世界时 ,迎面扑来的高新科技 :遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、信息高速公路、可持续发展、知识经济、数字地球等一浪一浪接踵而来 ,使得我们应接不暇。大多数科技人员都在考虑追踪国际前沿 ,而对于我国的国情了解不足。在急于求成的心态下 ,重视了应用 ,忽视了基础研究与基础建设 ,缺乏自己的创造性。本文就遥感信息源、遥测基础建设、定位系统、地理信息系统软件、网络基础建设、数据源建设、科学研究方法、人才培养等方面提出系统的建设设想。     

Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Delineation of Groundwater Potential and Groundwater Quality Zones of Western Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India

Groundwater exploration in the Western Doon valley has been carried out to delineate the groundwater potential and groundwater quality zones suitable for domestic purposes based on the integrated use of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The Western Doon Valley, occupying broad synclinal troughs in the evolving fold-thrust system of sub-Himalaya, which is filled by post-Siwalik fluvial and debris flow deposits in the late Quaternary-Holocene. The Western Doon Valley area is bounded by the Mussoorie range in the north with 1800–2800 m elevation and in the south by young topographic relief of the frontal Siwalik range with ~800 m average elevation. Groundwater quality of Western Doon valley through pictorially representation in the GIS environment, it is inferred that calcium, magnesium, total hardness and nitrate at some locations above the desirable limit. The groundwater prospects map has been prepared by integrating the hydrogeomorphologic, land use/land cover from satellite data (IRS-ID, LISS-III data) slope, soil, drainage density, depth to water table of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods (unconfined aquifer), water table fluctuation, static water level (confined to semi-confined aquifers), specific capacity, discharge and drawdown maps using index overlay method in the GIS environment. The groundwater prospects are depicted in five categories Very high, high, moderate, low and very low (runoff zone) integrated with the groundwater quality zones which have been prepared from hydrochemical data. The results indicated that 16.82 % of the area is under Very high potential zone category with 16.11 % and 0.71 % of desirable and undesirable quality of groundwater and 18.65 %, 42.06 %, 6.96 % and 15.46 % classified as high, moderate, low and very low potential zones with desirable and undesirable quality of groundwater for domestic purposes. This study be useful for designing the groundwater prospects and management plan for the sustainable development of study area.     

GIS辅助遥感影像分类概述

论述了在已有的GIS数据基础之上,将GIS数据与知识综合运用于遥感影像监督法分类的分类方法,着重对样区的自动选取、非训练样区的分类等几个有关的问题进行了分析,并对该分类法的优势进行了分析和总结。     

利用遥感等手段圈定紫金山铜金矿床外围找矿有利区

为了对福建省上杭县紫金山铜金矿床及其外围进行矿产资源潜力评价,以1:5万地质图为基础,利用2001年获取的Landsat ETM+图像对该区域进行线性构造、环形构造、火山构造及侵入岩的遥感解译;并结合遥感蚀变异常信息以及物探、化探、重砂等资料,在936 km2范围内圈出6处找矿有利区,为该区域进一步找矿提供了新的线索.     

城市系统规划与遥感、地理信息系统技术

本文以武汉市洪山区综合发展战略规划中遥感与地理信息系统的应用研究为例,阐述城市系统的复杂性、地域性和动态性,航空遥感在城市系统调查中的作用和优越性,地理信息系统在城市系统诊断、分析、评价、规划与管理中的应用。本研究侧重于以系统工程为基础的地域性规划,强调城市系统用地布局的合理性。     

右江谷地景观格局空间分异特性遥感研究

利用1986年和2006年获取的TM图像,在GIS技术支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取反应景观空间结构和景观异质性的景观指数,以右江谷地典型区广西平果县为研究区,分析该区近20 a间的景观格局及其动态变化特征.结果表明,1986～2006年间,平果县土地利用变化总趋势是林地、未利用地和居民地面积增加,草地、耕地和水域面...