三维地震相干应用研究

本文研究了新场、东泰及合兴场三维地震相干及应用认为：（１）断层、地震特征的不连续性通过三维地震相干数据体的低相干异常,能够获得十分清晰、直观的展示：（２）地震特征的连续性通过三维地震相干数据体的高相干异常能够得到非常清楚、明显的表现。     

相干体技术算法改进及其在TJH地区的应用

相干体技术是近年来地震勘探在资料解释方面的重要突破。与原来揭示地下异常体的方法相比,相干体可以更清楚地识别断层和地层特征。由于相干体是通过三维地震数据体计算得到,用传统方法计算需要运行较长时间。笔者在理论分析的基础上,提出了改进的相干体算法,开发了相应的软件,并在大港油田TJH地区得到了成功应用。     

相干体技术在煤田三维地震勘探中的应用

相干体技术是一种用于描述断层和地层特征的解释性处理技术。其基本原理是,在偏移后的三维地震数据体中,通过对每一个道每一个样点求得与其周围数据的相干性值,来获得一个表示地震数据相干的三维数据体。地层出现的不连续性在相干体上表现为低相干体值。相干体上的低相干值通过相干时间切片和相干层拉平切片来反映。应用实例表明,使用相干技术在解释落差３ｍ左右的小断层,分析断层的平面分布,加快大断层的解释速度,探测巷道,     

地震相干体技术简介及其应用

通过对三维数据体各种逻辑关系和物理属性的分析研究,认为地震三维数据体的不连续性主要反映断层和岩性的变化;连续性则主要反映岩性的均一性和地层的连续性。根据这一特点,利用地震相干体技术可在相干切片上直观地反映构造和断层的分布情况。通过方法介绍、程序设计和地震相干体技术应用的两个实例,展示该技术在三维地震资料处理中的应用效果。     

利用小波相干技术检测致密储层裂缝发育带

目前国内、外油气勘探已经进入岩性油气藏勘探阶段,其中致密碳酸盐岩或页岩油气勘探具有远大前景。这类致密储层中裂缝是油气储集的主要空间。用模拟地震子波的小波函数对原始三维地震数据体作小波变换,可以得到不同频带（分辨率）的地震数据体。分别对具有不同分辨率的三维地震数据体进行C3相干处理,其中低频相干体突出了断裂的信息,而高频相干体则突出反映了受断裂控制下的小断裂或裂缝的发育信息,通过合理的融合系数有选择地对C3相干数据进行融合,获得了能够高精度分辨裂缝发育特征的相干数据体,由此提高了裂缝检测和储层预测的精度。     

用相干体属性开展断层识别

利用地震属性可以提高三维地震解释的精度和速度,并且节约成本,有利于矿井安全生产。在重点对相干体属性做出阐述和分析的基础上,以永城煤矿为研究区,首先正确合理选用相干体属性的最优参数,然后将相干体属性应用于实例获取数据体,再从属性数据体中提取出沿层切片,最后对地震数据进行相干体处理后得到了地震剖面。与不经相干处理的的地震原始剖面相比较,经相干处理的地震剖面更清晰地反映了地层和断层。相干体方法是有前途的地震剖面解释方法。     

三维可视化技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

近几年,我们充分利用先进的地震技术特别是三维可视化技术、二维和三维交会图分析技术,分析各种三维地震数据的异常特征,从研究古岩溶发育的控制因素(古构造即古地貌、古水系)入手[1],在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测中做了有益的初步尝试,取得了阶段性成果,成果应用于油田勘探开发中获得了很好的效果. 1 基本工作方法 准备数据体 基本数据需有三维地震保幅数据体、偏移数据体、地质层位解释数据体.利用地震处理解释软件从三维地震保幅数据体中提取相干参数数据体,并进行波阻抗反演,得到三维波阻抗数据体. 解释判断标志层 结合区域地质、钻井…     

相干体与方差体技术在全三维地震资料解释中的应用

近几年迅速发展起来的相干体与方差体技术是研究三维数据体中的不连续性特征及相邻道地震信号之间相似性的解释性处理技术,有利于在三维地震资料解释之前,了解研究区内断层的展布情况,缩短三维地震资料解释周期,提高解释效率和精度。该技术充分利用了三维资料中每个CDP点的信息,避免了因常规抽线解释而遗漏小断层。该项技术在全三维地震解释中起着重要的作用,应用效果明显。本文介绍了方法原理和基于相干体与方差体技术的全三维地震资料解释思路,展示了相干体与方差体技术的应用实例。     

用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带

为了提高煤田开采的效率,准确、快速地确定断层和裂隙发育带已迫在眉睫。而三维方差体技术突出了地层横向变化对地震道的影响,能够对三维地震地质信息进行提取,还可用于识别断层、裂隙及地层的不连续变化。这里介绍了三维方差体技术的原理及基本算法,并在山东某采区三维地震资料的解释工作中进行了实际应用。结果表明,方差体技术对断层、裂隙发育带等地质异常体具有良好的识别效果。     

C1相干算法及其在三维地震勘探解释中的应用

作者在文中详细讨论了二维和三维C1相干算法.根据三维C1相干算法的特点,结合三维地震数据体的特点,考虑到三维地震勘探在各大矿区的全面普及,针对三维地震资料开发出了一套实用的应用程序进行相干处理和解释.通过对实际三维地震资料的处理,分析结果表明,C1相干技术对三维地震资料的构造、岩性解释有明显的效果.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861