华北克拉通南部前寒武纪重大地质事件构造响应的GIS统计分析——以中条-豫西地区为例

位于华北克拉通南部的中条-豫西地区记录了华北克拉通复杂、多阶段构造演化历史。其中,前寒武纪时期经历了新太古代末期(2550~2350Ma)地壳增生、古元古代(2350~1850Ma)活动带和早中元古代(1800~1600Ma)多期裂解活动,是研究区构造-岩浆活动最为剧烈的阶段。丰富的构造事件形成多层构造层,并发育大量构造形迹。本文依据GIS数据统计分析断裂切穿地层单元年代新老关系的规律,即构造运动的发生时间晚于构造形迹切穿的所有地层单元时代;如果构造形迹的发育被某一地层单元所限制,则表明构造运动的发生早于该地层的结束时间,并结合构造形迹的样式、规模、方位、强度和构造建造特征来解析构造作用性质,探讨构造演化,挖掘前寒武纪不同构造演化阶段形成的主体构造形迹的数字特征。在本项研究中,首先提取研究区内切穿Ar构造单元并限制在Pt地层单元内的构造形迹,代表前寒武纪时期的主体构造形迹特征。其次,运用GIS技术提取Pt1-Pt2期间不整合面,删去切穿不整合面的构造形迹,进一步筛选出Ar-Pt2期间主体构造形迹并统计其走向和长度,进而初步确定了Ar-Pt2期间的主要构造方位特征是NEE/NWW/近SN向。最后,依据构造形态、构造建造特征和地球物理场特征,结合区域构造演化史确定不同构造层主体构造方位特征,代表了不同构造演化阶段形成的主体构造形迹。其中,新太古代末期形成的主体构造形迹的方位特征是NE/NW向;古元古代构造层主体构造形迹的方位特征是NEE/NWW向;早中元古代构造层主体构造形迹的方位特征是近EW向。     

Delineation of potential exploration targets based on 3D geological modeling: A case study from the Laoangou Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposit,China

The Laoangou Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposit (LAG) is a hydrothermal vein-type deposit in the East Qinling polymetallic metallogenic belt, which is controlled by NW-, NE- and nearly SN-trending faults and mainly hosted in the dolomite marble of Meiyaogou and Baishugou formations within the Luanchuan ore district (LOD). Although district-scale metallogenic prediction related to the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the LOD has been attempted, there have been no studies to formulate a detailed deposit-scale metallogenic prediction of the Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in 3D space. Here we selected the LAG to formulate a metallogenic prediction model for Pb-Zn-Ag deposit based on data from 1:10,000 scale geological map, and 66 boreholes and 39 sections of exploration lines on 1:1000 scale, to extract the salient spatial features of the deposit. We apply ordinary weights and weighted weights of evidence, followed by boosted weights of evidence, logistic regression and information entropy for integrating the features of the ore deposit for exploration targeting. The C–V fractal method is applied to classify the probabilities. Accordingly, three levels of exploration targets are delineated: the first level targets are mainly distributed in the periphery of known orebodies (M2, M3, II-3 and VI), which are also located in the ore-controlling strata and fault zones; the second level targets are located in the region of known orebodies, indirectly confirming that the prediction result is reliable; and the third level targets, which are mainly located at the contact between ore-controlling strata and metagabbro bodies, offer new targets for exploration in this ore district. Combining our results obtained in this study with those in previous studies, we provide some guidelines for exploration targets in the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the LOD, which might help in more effectively delineating the target zones.