相山破火山口火山杂岩体的岩石学研究

相山破火山口位于华南褶皱系的华夏褶皱带北西侧,发育于震旦系的基底变质岩之上。由于晚侏罗世强烈的火山活动,特别是最末一次剧烈而快速的大体积喷发,过渡岩浆室产生空腔而塌陷,次火山岩沿环状断裂侵入,形成了由酸性—中酸性的熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹沉积岩和次火山岩构成的火山杂岩体。 破火山口在平面上呈长轴近东西向的椭圆形,面积约数百平方公里,四周基底均向中心倾斜,东陡西缓,呈不对称的漏斗状,     

甘肃北山金矿地质特征及找矿方向

甘肃北山金矿位于天山褶皱系北山褶皱带,该带分为华力西红石山地向斜褶皱带(北带)、加里东马鬃山地背斜褶皱带(中带)和华力西红柳园—音凹峡地向斜褶皱带(南带)。金矿主要分布在南、北两个褶皱带内。成矿母岩为华力西中、晚期斜长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩。金矿对地层的选择性十分明显,首先为晚古生代的中—酸性火山岩,次为早古生代的深变质岩。金矿床(点)绝大多数属中—低温热液含金石英脉型,产于华力西中、晚期酸性侵入体的内、外接触带。矿石类型以黄铁矿—石英脉型为主,伴生矿物有黄铁矿、含铜黄铁矿、孔雀石、铅族矿物及毒砂。围岩蚀变为硅化、褐铁矿化、云英岩化、碳酸盐化、泥化、绢云母化及绿泥石化。文中还对金矿控矿因素作了分析,认为在北山地区找金是有前景的。     

晋东北地区燕山运动的基本特征——来自1∶25万应县幅区域地质调查的总结

晋东北地区燕山期地壳活动剧烈而频繁,经历了3次由伸展→挤压转换→隆升和岩浆活动过程。燕山运动早期形成早侏罗世断陷盆地和中侏罗世挤压坳陷型聚煤构造盆地;中期中晚侏罗世形成被NW、NE向深大断裂围限的火山断陷盆地,中基性—酸性火山喷发和浅成、超浅成中酸性岩浆侵入,晚侏罗世末形成了一系列NNE向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造带;晚期早白垩世再次形成断陷盆地和开阔平缓褶皱,义县组不整合在火山岩之上,晚白垩世处于挤压造山后的山体隆升阶段,左云组不整合在义县组之上,伴随有壳源型花岗岩侵入,NW、NE向断裂复活,形成地堑、地垒式断裂组合,导致山体隆升。     

晋东北地区燕山运动的基本特征——来自1:25万应县幅区域地质调查的总结

晋东北地区燕山期地壳活动剧烈而频繁, 经历了3次由伸展→挤压转换→隆升和岩浆活动过程。燕山运动早期形成早侏罗世断陷盆地和中侏罗世挤压坳陷型聚煤构造盆地; 中期中晚侏罗世形成被NW、NE向深大断裂围限的火山断陷盆地, 中基性-酸性火山喷发和浅成、超浅成中酸性岩浆侵入, 晚侏罗世末形成了一系列NNE向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造带; 晚期早白垩世再次形成断陷盆地和开阔平缓褶皱, 义县组不整合在火山岩之上, 晚白垩世处于挤压造山后的山体隆升阶段, 左云组不整合在义县组之上, 伴随有壳源型花岗岩侵入, NW、NE向断裂复活, 形成地堑、地垒式断裂组合, 导致山体隆升。      

南金山海相火山岩型金矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

<正> 南金山金矿位于甘肃北山北部金矿成矿带的西部,在东西长 90km的范围内,已探明中型金矿3处,其中两处与海相火山岩有关。1 成矿地质背景 南金山金矿大地构造位置,属天山-阴山褶皱系北山褶皱带明水复背斜的南翼。区域出露地层以石炭系下统白山组一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩和火山碎屑沉积岩为主,碳酸盐次之。岩浆岩颇为发育,有华力西中期斜长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和晚期钾长花岗岩等。区域构造线总体走向呈北东东-南西西向,地层多呈紧闭的线状褶皱,断裂形成于褶皱的同期及后期,而且极为发育,断层走向以近东西向一组为主,继承性活动十分明显。     

含钍沥青铀矿的发现及其意义

一、地质背景 含钍沥青铀矿产区位于华南加里东冒地槽褶皱带北东段,赣杭中生代酸性火山岩带的破火山口中。火山岩带由上侏罗统的酸性火山岩系构成,岩性主要为砂岩、砂砾岩、粉砂岩、流纹质凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、流纹英安岩和巨厚层碎斑流纹岩等,还有火山活动晚期呈环状次火山岩体群形式产出的花岗斑岩和英安斑岩等。含钍沥青铀矿主要产在     

川东地区褶皱和裂缝发育期次

本文根据川东地区构造裂缝中不同类型矿物充填顺序及特征所纪录的褶皱变形强度、期次及构造环境,结合矿物包裹体均一温度,试以逆演褶皱及裂缝发育期次探讨川东地区褶皱运动。本文认为川东地区构造经历过四期褶皱运动叠加,导致裂缝四次张开和充填。对比邻区褶皱时代,这四次褶皱运动应为早白垩世晚期燕山早幕、晚白垩世晚期燕山晚幕、早幕三纪末喜山二幕和第四纪早更新世喜山三幕。     

纳日贡玛区域化探异常追踪与评价方法的初步研究

日贡玛位于三江褶皱系与唐古拉褶皱系的交接部位。区域构造走向北西西。纳日贡玛异常分布于二叠系中基—中酸性火山岩组中;并与后期侵入的花岗斑岩体(脉)有关。异常的南部,火山岩组与二叠—三叠系砂岩呈断层接触。     

宁镇地区铜矿床地质-地球物理-地球化学模型及找矿标志

宁镇地区位于长江中下游铁铜成矿带东端,地表出露地层主要为志留系—侏罗系。褶皱发育,由轴向近东西的三背二向复式褶皱所构成,背斜核部为下古生界组成,向斜核部由三叠系、侏罗系下统组成。岩浆岩主要为燕山晚期侵入的中酸性杂岩体。铜矿床     

北山成矿带金矿床（点）分布规律及找矿方向

北山成矿带位于克拉麦里、天山和阿尔金山三个褶皱带的构造交汇部位。金矿主要分布在南、北两个构造带内，受EW向构造破碎蚀变带控制，产于华力西中、晚期酸性侵入体的内、外接触带上。金矿对地层的选择性十分明显，主要为前寒武纪的变质岩和晚古生代的中－酸性火山岩，次为早古生代的深变质岩。根据金矿床（点）在空间及时间上的分布规律，指出了北山地区金矿找矿方向。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.