长江中下游中生代矽卡岩成矿作用

通过调查发现,长江中下游矽卡岩大部分是岩浆结晶形成,矽卡岩岩浆可以通过与硅酸盐岩浆混合或熔离、结晶分异等作用形成含矿矿浆。长江中下游地区的矽卡岩岩浆热液成矿作用形成了大量矽卡岩热液型矿床,叠加复合成矿作用在长江中下游地区普遍存在。     

兴城台里地区含石榴子石结晶岩系的成因和特征

兴城台里地区主要出露经过变质作用的结晶岩系,前人主要对该地区结晶岩脉侵入的新老关系做了研究,但对于含石榴子石结晶岩的形成和特征没有严格的阐述与定论,作者通过对辽宁兴城台里地区含石榴子石的结晶岩系地区进行实测填图、野外采样、标本分析和薄片观察等研究工作,来研究该地区含石榴子石的结晶岩系的成因和特征。结合相关资料综合分析,得出该地区含石榴子石的结晶岩系为早期侵入的花岗细晶岩通过岩浆期后局部变质的结论,石榴子石的规则排列是由于残浆溢出时冷凝和交代作用形成的,同时验证了该地区石榴子石的主要类型为红色的镁铝榴石的结论。     

KF-862氯化钾防结块剂实际应用报告

氯化钾是一种十分重要的基础无机化工原料,在工农业生产中有着广泛应用。氯化钾产品85%直接用作肥料,其余部分作为生产苛性钾、硫酸钾、硝酸钾和磷酸钾的原料。针对察尔汗盐湖生产的氯化钾产品,进行了在生产与运输过程中的防结块问题试验研究,并给出了初步试验研究结果。     

萃取结晶法回收碳酸钠实验研究

研究了萃取结晶回收无机盐的过程,提出了萃取结晶回收盐的优势,并以水-碳酸钠-正丁醇体系为研究对象,分别考察了加料方式、正丁醇与碳酸钠溶液的溶剂比、温度、搅拌速率等因素对碳酸钠收率的影响。结果表明采用反加法、较大的溶剂比和搅拌速率有利于提高碳酸钠的收率,温度的影响不是特别明显。     

Li2O·nB2O3(n=4,5)-20%LiCl-H2O过饱溶液20℃结晶动力学研究

采用结晶动力学方法对Li2 O :B2 O3=1 :4和 1 :5在 2 0 %LiCl-H2 O中的过饱的溶液在 2 0℃时的结晶动力学过程进行了研究 ,两种不同Li2 O :B2 O3(摩尔比 )配比的过饱和溶液均析出LiB5O8·5H2 O一种固相 ,通过X -ray粉末衍射、IR光谱和热分析对结晶析出固相进行了表征。同时拟合给出了结晶动力学方程 ,并对结晶反应机理进行了探讨。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XXVLi2O—B2O3—H2O过饱和溶液20℃结晶动力学研究

Ｌｉ２Ｏ·３Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ及Ｌｉ２Ｏ·４Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ）过饱和溶液２０℃结晶过程均只有一个阶段。前者结晶析出Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·３Ｈ２Ｏ，后者结晶析出ＬｉＢ５Ｏ８·５Ｈ２Ｏ。本文探讨了这两种固相的结晶机理并拟合出结晶动力学方程，结果表明两个结晶过程均受控于单核表面反应。     

MgO.1.5B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O过饱和溶液0°C的结晶动力学研究

配制MgO·1.5B2 O3- 18%MgCl2 -H2 O过饱和溶液在 0°C恒温静止 ,对该过饱和溶液结晶析出多水硼镁石 (2MgO·3B2 O3·15H2 O)的动力学过程进行了研究。结晶诱导期较长 ,晶体生长缓慢 ,结晶达平衡需要较长时间。探讨了析出固相的结晶反应机理和硼在溶液中的存在形式 ,并拟合给出结晶动力学方程     

熔融法六钛酸钾合成机理研究

本文合成了结晶二钛酸钾纤维．根据化学定量分析、Ｘ—ｒａｙ衍射分析、ＤＴＡ差示热分析等，得到了熔融法六钛酸钾纤维的合成机理．     

碳酸氢钠冷却结晶动力学

碳酸氢钠(NaHCO_3)俗称小苏打,其产品质量取决于颗粒的大小,晶体的形貌和样品的纯度等诸多因素。本论文基于连续稳态MSMPR结晶器原理,研究了不同停留时间下,碳酸氢钠从碳酸钠溶液中冷却结晶过程动力学。利用实验数据建立了NaHCO_3的结晶动力学操作模型。实验和计算结果表明,随停留时间的增加,NaHCO_3过饱和度降低,晶体生长速率和成核速率均减小,相应的平均粒径增加,细颗粒含量减小;适当延长停留时间是制取高品质小苏打产品的有效途径。冷却结晶过程可有效增加小苏打产量,小苏打收率维持在55%左右。此外,一定Na_2CO_3存在下冷却结晶碳酸氢钠晶体形态由细长的针状变为规整的片状。     

东台吉乃尔盐湖卤水的相化学研究（Ⅰ）：25℃等温蒸发实验

为了研究东台吉乃尔盐湖卤水蒸发时的相化学，确定钾盐、镁盐和锂盐的结晶路线和结晶特性，在实验室内对卤水进行了２５℃等温蒸发结晶过程的研究．实验结果与Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ（２＋）／／Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ—Ｈ２Ｏ五元水盐体系介稳相图进行了比较与讨论．     

Effects of soil nitrate：ammonium ratio on plant carbon：nitrogen ratio and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings

Can soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influence plant carbon： nitrogen ratios of the early succession plant？ Can plant carbon： nitrogen ratios limit the plant growth in early succession？ To address these two questions, we performed a two-factor （soil nitrate： ammonium ratio and plant density） randomized block design and a uniform-precision rotatable central composite design pot experiments to examine the relationships between soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings. Under adequate nutrient status, both soil nitrate： ammonium ratios and plant density influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of A. sphaerocephala seedlings. Under the lower soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, with the increase of soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the growth rates of plant height and shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly; with the increase of plant carbon： nitrogen ratios, the growth rates of shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly. Soil nitrate： ammonium ratios affected the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings by plant nitrogen but not by plant carbon. Thus, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings, and hence influenced its growth rates. Our results suggest that under adequate nutrient environment, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios can be a limiting factor for the growth of the early succession plant.     

陶瓷杯与蒸渗仪测定硝态氮和氨态氮淋溶的比较

土壤硝态氮（NO₃^--N）和氨态氮（NH4+-N）淋溶量测定方法因草本植物和土壤类型不同而异。试验采用陶瓷杯（ceramic suction cups）和蒸渗仪（lysimeters）分别测定草地土壤NO₃^--N和NH4+-N淋溶量。蒸渗仪直径为50 cm和深度为70 cm,土壤类型分别为新西兰Gorge silt loam、Mataura sandy loam和Lismore stony silt loam,重复4次。陶瓷杯水平插入蒸渗仪不锈钢筒,陶瓷杯插孔中心离不锈钢筒底部距离分别为35 cm（上陶瓷杯）和60 cm（下陶瓷杯）。在试验前,喷灌72 h冲洗蒸渗仪土壤溶液,使淋溶液NO₃^--N浓度接近0 mg·L^-1,然后1次性施加250 kg N·hm^-2尿素溶解液,用喷灌系统喷灌蒸渗仪,每周喷灌1次,喷灌系统误差使Gorge、Mataura和Lismore土壤喷灌强度分别为15.0、19.0和18.7 mm·h^-1,1次喷灌持续时间为3 h。在Gorge和Lismore土壤,陶瓷杯和蒸渗仪测定NO₃^--N淋溶量差异显著。在Gorge土壤,上陶瓷杯、下陶瓷杯和蒸渗仪测定NO₃^--N淋溶累计量分别为64、68和54 kg N·hm^-2,测定NH₄⁺-N淋溶累计量分别为0.43、0.49和0.43 kg N·hm^-2;在Mataura土壤,上陶瓷杯、下陶瓷杯和蒸渗仪测定NO₃^--N淋溶累计量分别为57、68和62 kg N·hm^-2,测定NH₄⁺-N淋溶累计量分别为0.51、0.37和0.23 kg N·hm^-2;在Lismore土壤,上陶瓷杯、下陶瓷杯和蒸渗仪测定NO₃^--N淋溶累计量分别为61、103和99 kg N·hm^-2,测定NH₄⁺-N淋溶累计量分别为1.70、2.24和2.04 kg N·hm^-2。在结构发育良好的Gorge和Lismore土壤,陶瓷杯不适合测定NO₃^--N淋溶量,但适合应用于砂土质地和发育不完善Mataura土壤。NH₄⁺-N淋溶累计量占NO₃^--N淋溶累计量的0.37%～2.93%,在测定和计算氮淋溶时,NH₄⁺-N淋溶可以忽略不计。     

三江平原水田排水期氮素输出特征研究

如何系统地把握水田排水期氮素输出特征,已成为控制三江平原区域内规模化水田氮素污染输出的关键。系统地分析在水田排水期内,水田-沟渠系统中氮素的浓度分布特征,并利用同位素示踪技术对沟渠内氮素的削减机制进行探讨。结果表明：泡田排水期是水田氮素输出的主要时期,主要受施肥活动控制,氮素输出负荷占全年输出负荷的40%以上。不同排水期水田沟渠内氮素削减程度及机制具有明显差异：泡田排水期,沟渠内铵态氮浓度下降了46.93%,主要受硝化过程控制;降雨排水期,硝态氮浓度下降了24.00%,而铵态氮浓度上升了26.04%,主要受降雨混合稀释及土壤有机质矿化的影响;晒田排水期,铵态氮浓度下降了52.07%,主要与植被吸收、蒸发等因素有关。     

Microstructure of NH4Cl-NH3-H2O System Studied by ATR-FTIR, Raman and MD Simulation

The solubility of ammonium chloride in aqueous ammonia decreases then increases with increasing ammonia concentrations. The molecular mechanism behind this trend is unclear. In this study,ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the effect of ammonium chloride on hydrogen bonding in aqueous ammonia and ultimately explain the observed solubility trend. Spectral analyses were conducted in the wavelength range of 2500-4000 cm~(-1). The results showed that the addition of ammonium chloride endorses the formation of N-H…N hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and ammonia molecules when the concentration of ammonia is greater than 10% ammonia. However,for concentrations lower than 10%,ammonium ions mainly bond to water molecules,leading to hydrogen bonds of the N-H…O type that are generally less stable than N-H…N bonds. The spectral analyses are confirmed by MD simulations. The results presented herein are useful in the development of novel techniques for the separation of ammonium potassium chloride.     

荒漠地区包气带氯离子与硝酸盐的空间分布特征

荒漠地区包气带中的Cl^-、NO₃^-与生态环境有密切联系,与地下水安全有直接联系。主要以荒漠地区包气带Cl^-、NO₃^-为研究对象,通过对Cl^-、NO₃^-在包气带及不同土壤类型中的分布特征进行研究,表明强烈的蒸散发作用使Cl^-、NO₃^-呈活塞式分布,同时植物对水分的吸收以及对NO₃^-的优先吸收使NO₃^-表现出不同的分布特征。土壤中的NO₃^-可能被植物优先吸收并遵循营养循环,使表层土壤中出现极大值,随后逐渐减小。靠近表层土壤出现NO₃^-峰值和较高的NO₃^-/Cl^-原子比率反映了蓝藻菌活跃的固N作用;相对较大的NO₃^-/Cl^-原子比率伴随着较低的Cl^-说明在干旱地区稀疏的植被覆盖条件限制了对NO₃^-的吸收作用。不同的土壤类型中,Cl^-、NO₃^-表现出不同的分布特征,在粘性土壤中,NO₃^-、Cl^-浓度随含水率的减小而减小。     

Biological soil crusts affect small-scale spatial patterns of inorganic N in a semiarid Mediterranean grassland

The influence of biological soil crusts (BSCs) on the small-scale spatial distribution of inorganic nitrogen (N) in drylands is largely unknown, despite their known impact and importance on the N cycle in these environments. We evaluated how perennial plants and BSCs affected small-scale spatial patterns of soil inorganic N (ammonium and nitrate) availability in a semiarid grassland from Spain. The data were analyzed by using geostatistical methods. The range of semivariograms for ammonium and nitrate, and the coefficient of variation of nitrate, were lower in BSC-dominated microsites than in plant-dominated microsites. Our results suggest that BSCs modulate the small-scale spatial pattern of inorganic N, producing more homogeneous conditions for spatial distribution of inorganic N forms than microsites provided by plants. These results may have important repercussions for the foraging strategies and ability of plant roots to uptake N.     

Microstructure of NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system studied by ATR-FTIR, Raman and MD simulation

The solubilities of ammonium chloride in aqueous ammonia decreased first and then increased with increasing ammonia concentrations, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified. In the present work, the ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the corresponding mechanism. The spectra analysis was focused on the region between 2500 and 4000 cm-1. It was firstly discovered that the N-H???N hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and ammonia molecule was mainly formed in the NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system with concentrations higher than 10% ammonia, but N-H???O hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and water molecule took advantage in the system with lower ammonia concentrations. Correspondingly, the phenomena of hydrogen bonding redshift and blueshift was observed respectively compared in NH3?H2O solution. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding structure of the saturated solution was obtained by means of MD simulation. The present work provides some theoretical basis for the separation of ammonium potassium chloride.     

热分解法测定水盐体系中硝酸铵和水含量研究

针对复杂硝酸铵水盐体系溶解度的测定,传统分析方法操作步骤繁琐,且试剂较贵,引入一种简单准确的分析方法,即热分解法,对LiNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系和NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中硝酸铵和水的含量进行精确分析。结果表明,热分解温度控制在230～240℃,若控制样品质量为1.5 g,分解时间不低于36 h,能将LiNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中的硝酸铵和水彻底分解,且随着样品中硝酸铵含量增加,热分解时间也将延长,分析相对误差能控制在0.2%以内。针对复杂NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系,热分解温度控制在230～255℃,若控制样品质量为1.5 g,分解时间不少于44 h,且随着样品中硝酸铵含量的增加,相应延长热分解时间,能将复杂NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中的硝酸铵和水彻底分解,分析相对误差能控制在0.2%以内。     

Isolation and characterization of a marine bacterium producing protease from Chukchi Sea, Arctic

A Gram negative bacterium Ar/W/b/75°25′N/1 producing extracellular alkaline protease was isolated from surface water of latitude 75°25′N, and longitude 162°25′W in Chukchi sea, Arctic. The strain can grow at the temperature range from 7℃ to 30℃, and grow better at 30℃. It can not grow at 40℃. Keeping certain salinity concentration in medium is necessary for cell growth. It grows well in medium containing salinity concentration from 0.5% to 10% sodium chloride. Glucose, sucrose and soluble starch can be utilized by the strain, among which glucose is the optimal carbon source. Peptone is the optimal organic nitrogen source for cell growth and protease producing, and ammonium nitrate is the optimal inorganic nitrogen source. About 75 7% of total protease of the strain are extracellular enzyme. Optimal temperature for proteolytic activity is at 40℃. Protease of the strain keeps stable below 40℃, and shows high proteolytic activity within the pH range from 7 to 11.     

盐湖水氯镁石制取金属镁及高纯镁砂的生产技术

介绍了盐湖水氯镁石用溶剂络合 ,NH3 螯合结晶脱水 ,制取无水氯化镁 ,电解制镁技术。用螯合物(MgCl2 ·6NH3 )脱氨后的NH3 与MgCl2 溶液作用生产高纯镁砂 ;直接用NH3 与MgCl2 溶液作用生产高纯镁砂 ,副产的NH4Cl再与水氯镁石作用后制取铵光卤石 ,熔融脱氨后 ,无水氯化镁熔体电解制镁。这两种生产方法 ,对开发青海盐湖水氯镁石的综合利用是最佳工艺。