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西藏扎布耶湖ZK91-2钻孔沉积特征与气候环境演化 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,1991年在其南部干盐滩中钻取了20m深湖相沉积,以5~10cm/个的密度进行高分辨率取样,详细探讨了沉积标志、矿物组合(尤其Mg、Ca、Li碳酸盐)、干旱与潮湿两种气候类型的元素组合等气候环境指标,推导了晚更新世以来该湖区湖面涨缩、水质咸谈及气温高低变化。 相似文献
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近1800年来云南洱海流域气候变化与人类活动的湖泊沉积记录 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
对云南洱海湖泊岩芯沉积物进行了多环境指标(年代学、色素、硅藻、有机碳稳定同位素、磁化率、化学元素)的分析,建立了近1800年来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列,气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合呈些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海源泊沉积记录中均有反映,洱海湖泊上沉积记录的气候暖干-冷湿交替变化规律,反映了西南委风影响下的气候演化特征,湖泊沉积记录中包含丰富的人类以的信息,磁化率,元 相似文献
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对柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区外围沙下盐湖的卤水及沉积进行了综合研究。沙下盐湖卤水化学组成与地表径流和开放性盐湖卤水之间存在明显的差异性,具有高Na^++Cl^-、低Mg^2++Ca^2++SO4^2-、贫K^++CO3^2-+HCO3^-等特征。沙下盐湖析盐层位含有新生矿物并夹带碎屑矿物,其盐类矿物组合为:石盐+羟氯镁铝石+光卤石。25℃等温蒸发相图表明,其卤水演化方向往光卤石析出区迁移,在穿越上覆盖 相似文献
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13kaBP以来滇池地区古环境演 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
根据DC93-1孔孢粉组合、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、有机碳同位素δ^13Crog、磁化率(x)、频率磁化率(xfd)等资料,结合^14C、^210Pb和^137Cs测年,汗池地区13ka以来的古环境演化历史经历了以下几个阶段:13-10.2kaBP,气候偏凉湿,湖水深度不大;10.2-7.5kaBP,气候向暖湿过渡,湖水渐深:7.5-4.0kaBP,气候暖湿,水热条件达 相似文献
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位于浙江省东部的永康盆地是典型的白垩纪陆相红盆.本文作者发现在永康盆地北东部的朝川组红层沉积中发育较深水暗色泥灰岩沉积,与较浅水红色细碎屑沉积呈互层或夹层产出,具渐变式湖相碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑岩混合沉积的特征.控制该混合沉积形成的主要因素是湖盆浪基面之下的静水环境及干旱与潮湿气候的交替变化.通过对朝川组泥灰岩段沉积环境及成因进行分析,结合该泥灰岩段中保存的孢粉和植物化石组合,笔者认为该套湖相碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑岩的混合沉积反映了浙东地区早白垩世晚期总体可能处于干热气候环境,但存在短时间内的干湿气候交替. 相似文献
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依据松辽盆地西部斜坡区首次新近纪全取芯井样品中获得的丰富孢粉与藻类化石的分布特征,自下而上划分出两个孢粉藻类组合,命名为Caryapollenites simplex-Momipites coryloides-Celtispollenites sp.-Tsugaepollenites igniculus组合和Artemisiaepollenites minorBetulaceoipollenites sp.-Carpinipites sp.-Polypodiaceaesporites sp.组合,分别分布于大安组和泰康组中下部;前者的地质时代为早中新世晚期至中中新世,后者为晚中新世至上新世初期.依据孢粉藻类组合特征,推测研究区大安组沉积时的气候相当于现代的暖温带至北亚热带中生气候,植被基本上为落叶阔叶,间夹少量常绿阔叶的针阔叶混交林,林下有少量蕨类植物,局部有淡水浅水湿地;泰康组沉积时其植被仍以落叶阔叶间夹有少量常绿阔叶的针阔叶混交林为主,林下旱生草本植物较为发育,处于暖温带至北亚热带中生偏旱范围之内,但比大安组沉积时期更凉一些和更旱一些.上述孢粉组合特征确定的地质时代以及古植被和古气候分析结论,丰富了松辽盆地中新生代孢粉地层学研究内容,为今后松辽盆地井下新近纪孢粉地层对比提供了最新参考资料,为邻区新近纪生物地层对比以及古植被和古气候分析提供了孢粉学证据. 相似文献
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根据对南海ODP1144站下段孢粉分析, 将其自下而上分为两个孢粉组合带和11个组合亚带. 根据松粉、蕨类孢子及草本植物花粉含量的相互消长关系, 将PB带进一步划分为11个孢粉组合亚带(PB21~11), 分别与深海氧同位素分期相一致(对应MISs 21~11期). 间冰期孢粉组合以松粉和蕨类孢子含量增加、草本植物花粉含量降低为特征; 冰期则相反. 间冰期孢粉组合面貌反映其气候与现代相似. 各冰期出露的大陆架上生长了以禾本科、莎草科及蒿属为主的草本植物. 组合亚带PB12(对应MIS12期)中Artemisia花粉含量的增加及高的松粉沉积率值表明此次冰期气候相对干冷, 冬季风较强. 相似文献
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Humid Little Ice Age in arid central Asia documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
J. A. Holmes 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(12):1280-1290
Short sediment cores retrieved from Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China, were used to explore humidity and precipitation variations in arid central Asia during the past millennium. The chronology of the cores was established using 137Cs, 210Pb and AMS 14C dating re- sults. Multi-proxy high-resolution analysis, including pollen ratios of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (A/C), carbonate content and grain size, indicates that the climate during the past millennium can be divided into three stages: a dry climate between 1000―1500 AD, a humid climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (c. 1500―1900 AD), and a warm dry period after 1900 AD. On centennial timescales, the climate change in northwestern China during the past 1000 years is characterized by oscillations between warm-dry and cold-humid climate conditions. All the proxies changed significantly and indi- cate increased precipitation during the LIA, including increased pollen A/C ratios and pollen concen- trations, decreased carbonate content and increased grain size. The humid period during the LIA re- corded by the Bosten Lake sediments is representative of arid central Asia and is supported by nu- merous records from other sites. During the LIA, the water runoff into the Keriya River and Tarim River in the Tarim Basin increased, while the ice accumulation in the Guliya ice core increased. Additionally, the lake levels of the Aral and Caspian Sea also rose, while tree-ring analysis indicates that precipita- tion increased. We hypothesize that both the lower temperature within China and the negative anomalies of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during this period may have contributed to the humid climate within this area during LIA. 相似文献
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河西走廊花海古湖泊全新世白云石的发现及其环境意义 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
通过对河西走廊花海古湖泊沉积物的X衍射分析发现,全新世期间有明显的白云石沉积.岩性、沉积过程、石膏以及Fe3+含量的变化表明,花海湖全新世白云石沉积环境以还原环境为主,即还原环境利于白云石的形成,为白云石的成因研究提供了新的证据.白云石作为碳酸盐矿物,可以反映湖水盐度,但并非直接指示了湖水的咸化.随着湖水盐度的进一步增加,在硫酸盐型湖泊中,白云石含量随盐度的增加而相应减少,表明利用白云石分析湖水盐度时需要结合其他矿物进行分析.结合石膏含量的变化,花海湖全新世时期白云石含量的变化可以揭示该区域湖水盐度的变化.在10.478.87 cal ka B.P.早全新世时期,湖水的盐度较高,气候由干向湿转变;8.87 cal ka B.P.时期,有大量石膏沉积,显示了湖水盐度的进一步升高,气候干旱;随后湖水相对淡化,气候湿润;5.50 cal ka B.P.至今,沉积出现间断,气候逐渐干旱. 相似文献
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R.L. Wang S.C. ScarpittaS.C. Zhang M.P. Zheng 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):461-477
We present a time series of carbon and oxygen stable isotope records of the last 30?000 14C years throughout the last glacial-postglacial cycle from western Qinghai-Xizhang (Tibet) Plateau. A 20-m core drilled in the south basin of Zabuye Salt Lake was analyzed for inorganic and organic carbon and total sulfur contents, δ13C and δ18O values of carbonates. Our results indicate that climatic changes have led to a drastic negative shift of stable isotope ratios at the transition between the Last Full Glacial and the postglacial phase during Later Pleistocene times (∼16.2 kyr BP), and a rapid positive shift at the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene (∼10.6 kyr BP). The first shift is marked by the drop of δ18Ocarb values of about 10‰ (from +2 to −8‰) and δ13Ccarb values of about 3‰ (from 5 to 2‰). The second shift which occurred at the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene was of similar magnitude but in the opposite direction. Isotope data, combined with total organic and inorganic carbon contents and the lithological composition of the core, suggest this lake was an alluvial pre-lake environment prior to ca. 28 14C kyr BP. During ca. 28-16.2 14C kyr BP, Zabuye Lake was likely a moderately deep lake with limited outflow. The cool and arid glacial climate led the lake level to drop drastically. Extended residence time overwhelmed the lower temperature and caused a steady increase of δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb values and total inorganic carbon content in the sediments. During ca. 16.2-10.6 14C kyr BP, this lake probably overflowed and received abundant recharge from melting glaciers when the deglaciation was in its full speed. A spike of markedly enhanced δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb is seen at ∼11.5 kyr BP, probably due to the isotopic effects left behind by the short but severe Younger Dryas (YD) event. After ca. 10.6 14C kyr BP, Zabuye Lake probably closed its surface outflow, due to strong desiccation and drastic climate warming. The Early and Middle Holocene were characterized by unstable climatic conditions with alternating warmer/cooler episodes as indicated by the severe fluctuations of total organic carbon, δ13C and δ18O values. A hypersaline salt lake environment was finally formed at Zabuye after ∼5 14C kyr BP when the mirabilite and halite concentrations steadily increased and became the dominant minerals in the sediments. Severe imbalance of inflow/outflow resulted in the drastic increase of total sulfur, δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb values and dominance of halite in the lake since ca. 3.8 kyr BP to present. 相似文献
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D. M. Imboden B. S. F. Eid T. Joller M. Schurter J. Wetzel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1979,41(2):177-189
In a limno-corral (diameter 12 m, depth to sediments 10 m), located in Baldeggersee (Switzerland), vertical mixing has been
measured during more than one year and compared to the conditions in the open lake (maximum depth 65 m, surface area 5.3 km2). The temperature method by McEwen and Hutchinson yields Kz values between 5×10−2 cm2s−1 at the upper boundary of the thermocline and 2×10−3 cm2s−1 at the bottom, a value near the molecular diffusion of heat at 4°C (1.36×10−3 cm2s−1). Kz calculated from profiles of excess radon-222 generally agree with those from the temperature data. Compared to the open lake,
the corral has a more shallow epilimnion. However, during calm meteorological conditions, vertical mixing in the upper 10
m is similar outside and inside the corral.
Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation within the framework for its National Research Program on ‘Lake Currents.’ 相似文献
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Two sediment cores, one 396 cm long from west Taihu Lake, another 246 cm long from east Taihu Lake, are interpreted from the analysis of their magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total pigments, organic carbon isotope, hydrogen index, saturated hydrocarbons, 14C dating and surficial sediment conditions. The west Taihu Lake core is the longest one studied in this lake so far, and has provided us the most complete environmental and climatic information for this lake. The results from the west Taihu lake core indicate that Taihu Lake has undergone the following stages:from ca.14 300 to 13 300 aB.P. Taihu Lake was in low lake-level, and there existed exposed features from the proxies reflecting arid paleoclimate. From ca.13 300 to 12 400 aB.P. an arid transitional stages occurred with a slightly warmer and wetter climate. From ca. 12 400 to 10 900 aB.P. a period of large climatic fluctuation occurred and from 10900-10 000 aB.P. a warm period developed with deep water and strongly reducing sediments. During ca.10 000-7 200aB.P., a cool transitional period alternating with a warm climate occurred. It was warm and wet during 7 200-5 700aB.P.; some proxies changed violently in 5 050aB.P., reflecting obvious changes in material source and a probable interruption of sedimentation. The east Taihu Lake history from ca. 6 550 to 6 450 aBP, the climate was cold and dry, and gradually turned warm and wet in ca. 6 450-6 050 aBP. It was warm and wet in ca. 6 050-5 800 aBP and had a cold tendency in 5 800-ca. 5 000 aBP. An abrupt change occurred at ca. 5 000 aBP, and the lake sediment in the uppmost part was disturbed by wave action indicating shallow water conditions. 相似文献
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湖泊水资源持续损失已经成为影响半干旱地区经济社会发展的主要问题之一.然而,由于缺少长期连续的湖泊动态监测数据,该地区湖泊水资源损失过程及其与气候变化和经济社会发展之间的关系没有得到详细的评估.针对此问题,本文以位于半干旱地区的岱海为研究对象,利用改进型归一化差异水体指数从1986—2020年258景Landsat遥感影像中提取湖泊水体边界,结合湖泊水位数据,重建了近60a岱海水资源量动态变化过程.结果表明:1961—2019年期间,岱海急剧萎缩,湖泊水量共减少9.88×108m3.同时水量变化趋势分段函数拟合结果表明,岱海水量变化可分为3个阶段:1961—1978年,水量损失速率为0.726×107m3/a的缓慢损失阶段;1979—2004年,水量损失速率为2.10×107m3/a的快速损失阶段;2005—2019年,水量损失速率为3.39×107m3/a的加速损失阶段.相关分析表明:岱海水量损失与流域经济社会发... 相似文献
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Understanding the extent to which local factors, including bedrock and structure, govern catchment denudation in mountainous environments as opposed to broader climate or tectonic patterns provides insight into how landscapes evolve as sediment is generated and transported through them, and whether they have approached steady-state equilibrium. We measured beryllium-10 (10Be) concentrations in 21 sediment samples from glaciated footwall and hanging wall catchments, including a set of nested catchments, and 12 bedrock samples in the Puga and Tso Morari half-grabens located in the high-elevation, arid Zanskar region of northern India. In the Puga half-graben where catchments are underlain by quartzo-feldspathic gneissic bedrock, bedrock along catchment divides is eroding very slowly, about 5 m/Ma, due to extreme aridity and 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments are the highest (~60–90 × 105 atoms/g SiO2) as colluvium accumulates on hillslopes, decoupled from their ephemeral streams. At Puga, 10Be concentrations and the average erosion rates of a set of six nested catchments demonstrate that catchment denudation is transport-limited as sediment stagnates on lower slopes before reaching the catchment outlet. In the Tso Morari half-graben, gneissic bedrock is also eroding very slowly but 10Be concentrations in sediments in catchments underlain by low grade meta-sedimentary rocks, are significantly lower (~10–35 × 105 atoms/g SiO2). In these arid, high-elevation environments, 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments have more to do with bedrock weathering and transport times than steady-state denudation rates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Environmental mechanism of magnetic susceptibility changes of lacustrine sediments from Lake Hulun, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The changes of magnetic susceptibility(κ) are correlated with those of corresponding sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical and biological results, which verifies
thatκ can be taken as one of the environmental proxies. However, usually the exact origin of magnetic signal is poorly understood,
and is difficult to relate with the environmental evolution. Magnetic properties of material derived from the catchment and
sedimentary environment may affect the accumulation, preservation, or authigenesis and diagenesis of magnetic minerals. In
the Lake Hulun region in Inner Mongolia, it is found that muddy sediments, deposited during high water level period (corresponding
to humid climate), have comparatively highκ values. In contrast, the sandy sediments, deposited during low water level period (corresponding to arid climate), have lowκ values. Detailed rock magnetic investigation confirms that detrital magnetite derived from volcanic rocks in the catchment
exists in both muddy and sandy sediments. During high water level period, secondary ferrimagnetic iron sulphide was produced
in muddy sediments under relatively reductive conditions. Ferrimagnetic iron sulphide, coexisting with detrital magnetite,
predominates the magnetic properties of muddy sediments, resulting in increasingκ. This paper reveals the significance of authigenic ferrimagnetic iron sulphide produced after sediment deposition. 相似文献