稀有元素花岗岩成岩成矿作用——兼评成因认识的演变

本文概括地介绍了世界稀有元素矿化花岗岩的六种成因模式。以地质、地球化学和实验资料论述了稀有元素矿化花岗岩的成岩成矿作用:①主要应是岩浆成因,但又常伴生岩浆期后的交代;②稀有元素锂、氟花岗岩可能的分异是上部液态分离,下部分离结晶;③可能存在深源与浅源两类稀有元素矿化花岗岩。     

华南花岗岩研究的回顾与展望

半个世纪以来,华南花岗岩研究经历了3个发展阶段：第一阶段,重点研究了花岗岩的时空分布。根据地质证据与同位素年龄数据,证实华南存在多旋回的花岗岩,即晚元古代花岗岩、加里东期花岗岩、海西一印支期花岗岩和燕山期花岗岩。基本规律是：不同的造山旋回伴有相应的花岗岩。大体上,自西北往东南(向洋方向)花岗岩时代呈愈来愈新的趋势;第二阶段,重点研究了花岗岩的成岩物质来源,划分为M型、Ⅰ型、S型和A型,研究不同成因类型花岗岩形成的构造环境及其岩石地球化学标志;第三阶段,着重研究壳幔作用与花岗岩成因,例如研究玄武岩浆底侵作用与花岗岩的成因联系,以及岩浆混合作用与花岗岩成分多样性的原因。此阶段研究方兴未艾,仍在深入开展之中。今后主要研究方向,环绕3个问题进行：(一)壳幔作用与A型花岗岩成因;(二)陆内花岗岩浆产生的方式和原因(变质核杂岩、花岗岩穹窿、复式花岗岩体);(三)华南大花岗岩省成因。     

关于花岗岩岩石包体的成因及岩基的定位问题——与杜杨松教授讨论

杜杨松教授在“对‘大陆地质学研究的若干问题思考’一文的讨论”中（以下简称“讨论”）［１］,对花岗岩岩石包体的成因及花岗岩的定位等问题,进行了有意义的讨论。本文拟就杜教授提出的问题,简单介绍原地重熔模型及其对花岗岩岩石包体的成因和岩基定位机制的认识,请...     

以江西花岗岩为例试论花岗岩的成因分类

一、花岗岩成因研究历史的简单回顾 从世界范围看,花岗岩成因争论的历史大体可分三个阶段。第一阶段:十八世纪未的“水火之争”。第二阶段:十九世纪中叶至本世纪中叶花岗岩岩浆成因与混合交代成因的激烈论争,最后把花岗岩从成因上分为相互独立又相互联系的两大类—岩浆花岗岩和混合交代花岗岩(变质花岗岩)几乎成为世界各地一致的趋势。我国亦不例外。第三阶段:二十世纪60—70年代以来,随着国际“上地幔计划”的开展,板块学说的传播和同位素地质学的发展,提出了更多的新观点,如上地幔分熔、带状融熔、俯冲带重熔等等。目前花岗岩成因研究已从以往偏重于岩石形成作用的探讨转入注重花岗岩形成的岩浆来源物的探讨。这是花岗岩成因研究深入发展的新时期。     

花岗岩及其成矿作用的研究进展

近年来,随着大陆动力学研究的不断深入以及现代分析技术的应用,花岗岩成因与地壳演化、花岗岩成矿作用等问题成为新一轮地质科学研究的重点和热点,并取得了重大的进展。本文系统阐述了花岗岩成因、花岗岩浆源区性质及岩浆作用过程、构造背景以及花岗岩成矿作用的研究进展。     

吉林省两类花岗岩及其形成的构造背景

七十年代以来,人们从研究花岗岩的物质来源,确定花岗岩的成因类型,从I、S型两大成因类型,扩及M和A型花岗岩。并进而从研究花岗岩的形成环境入手,把大地构造与花岗岩的成因相结合,划分不同构造环境的花岗岩,把花岗岩与构造背景进一步结合起来。     

过铝花岗岩的成因类型与构造环境研究综述

概述了过铝花岗岩类的成因类型及形成的构造背景，特别介绍了过铝花岗岩岩浆的来源及其鉴别标志，指出过铝花岗岩岩浆按物质来源可分为壳源、幔源和壳幔混源三种类型，是地壳、地幔以及地壳物质与地幔物质相互混合和相互作用的结果，各种不同类型之间可能存在一种地壳源与地幔源之间的连续谱系，并简要介绍CPG和MPG两种主要过铝花岗岩的成因机制。提出了过铝花岗岩形成环境的综合判别准则，指出过铝花岗岩不仅要以形成于碰撞造山过程中的挤压性构造环境，而且可以形成于与岩石圈伸展作用相关的张性构造环境。     

花岗岩中钾长石巨晶成因及研究方法概述

钾长石巨晶在花岗岩中较为常见,对花岗岩的成因具有重要指示意义。本文介绍了花岗岩中钾长石巨晶的最新研究进展,重点梳理了钾长石巨晶的一些典型地质特征,讨论了钾长石巨晶的形成机制,详细介绍了关于钾长石巨晶原位地球化学研究的最新进展,提出了存在的问题及未来可能的一些研究方向。     

云南清水河早古生代过铝质花岗岩的发现及其对保山地块岩石圈地幔拆沉的限定

保山地块早古生代过铝质花岗岩的岩石成因尚存在争议,为进一步探讨岩石成因,对云南清水河花岗岩开展了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究.结果表明,清水河花岗岩主要由二云母花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩组成.二云母花岗岩岩浆结晶年龄为473～462 Ma,黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶年龄为479 Ma,侵位时代都为早古生代.含较...     

以江西花岗岩为例试论花岗岩的成因分类

一、花岗岩成因研究历史的简单回顾从世界范围看,花岗岩成因争论的历史大体可分三个阶段。第一阶段:十八世纪未的“水火之争”。第二阶段:十九世纪中叶至本世纪中叶花岗岩岩浆成因与混合交代成因的激烈论争,最后把花岗岩从成因上分为相互独立又相互联系的两大类—岩浆花     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861