赣南合龙钨矿矿床地质、成岩成矿时代与成矿模式

合龙钨矿床位于南岭东西向构造岩浆带与北-北东向于山构造带交汇部位,是南岭东段于都-赣县矿集区的重要组成.合龙钨矿床是赣南地区近年在石英脉型钨矿勘查取得最重要突破的矿区,新发现钨多金属矿体达48条,新探明黑钨矿资源量3.5万余吨,WO3平均品位2.189％,深部具有大型以上资源潜力.合龙钨矿床以外带石英大脉型矿体与岩体内...     

滇东南老君山矿集区洒西钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

洒西白钨矿床是老君山矿集区内重要的钨矿床之一,由石英脉型钨矿体和层状、似层状矿体构成。在详细的岩相学观察基础上,对矿区内两种类型矿体白钨矿中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温和拉曼探针分析。研究表明,与石英脉型矿体成矿相关的流体为中-高温、中-低盐度的NaCl-H_2O-CH_4±N_2体系,与层状、似层状矿体成矿相关的流体为中-高温、低盐度的NaCl-H_2O-CH_4-N_2体系,笔者认为,不同盐度端元的等温混合作用是石英脉型矿体形成的主要机制,而层状、似层状矿体中金属元素的沉淀则主要由流体体系的冷却作用所致,两者流体性质基本相同,可能为同源流体。     

湖南魏家隐伏型钨-萤石矿床控矿因素及成矿规律分析

魏家钨矿区位于南岭成矿带中段,为2010年国土资源大调查中新发现的矿产地。通过近年的工程控制,在钨矿体内新发现了萤石矿。本文在对矿床地质特征进行了进一步研究基础上,对矿床的控矿因素及成矿规律进行了总结分析,认为本矿区矿床类型为矽卡岩型钨、萤石矿床,矿体的空间展布主要受矿区内隐伏型层间破碎带和层间破碎带内充填的花岗斑岩脉共同控制。     

粤北良源铌钽铷钨矿床地质、成岩成矿时代与成矿模式

良源铌钽铷钨矿床位于南岭东西向构造岩浆带与武夷山北东向构造带交汇部位.良源铌钽铷钨矿床是粤北地区近年在石英型钨矿、云英岩型铌钽铷钨矿和花岗岩型铌钽铷多金属矿勘查评价取得最重要突破矿区,新发现铌钽铷钨矿体4条,共、伴生Nb2O5资源量3425.72吨,平均品位0.0108％;Ta2O5资源量1428.99吨,平均品位0....     

湖南省新宁县界牌钨铜矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析

湖南省界牌钨铜多金属矿床位于雪峰山弧形构造带南段东缘加里东褶皱带与南岭东西向构造带北缘交汇部位的铺里-界牌断裂西侧,成矿条件优越.矿体产于寒武系上统(∈3)与岩体的内外接触带,NNE向断裂(F1)为导矿构造,地层与岩体的接触带、层间构造带是有利的成矿部位,矿化以钨矿化为主,次为铜矿化,为典型矽卡岩型钨铜矿床.     

云南石屏县方丈钨矿成矿地质特征

方丈钨矿位于峨山花岗岩体中部,钨矿体赋存于花岗岩与中元古界昆阳群大龙口组灰岩接触带及其附近,矿体形态严格受接触带构造控制,呈似层状、透镜状产出。矿床成因类型为接触交代矽卡岩型白钨矿床。     

江西武山铜矿区新发现钨矿（化）体特征和其成因——来自矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的约束

钨和铜有明显不同的地球化学性质,但钨、铜在矿床中可以共伴生,原因还不清楚。长江中下游成矿带发育典型的斑岩-矽卡岩-层状铜（钨）多金属成矿系统,其中层状铜（钨）矿体成矿时代数据相对较少。作者以该带九瑞矿集区武山铜矿区新发现的钨矿（化）体为研究对象,开展了矿相学、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学的研究。研究发现,武山矿床具有层状、矽卡岩型、斑岩型3类铜矿体均有白钨矿矿化,矿床整体由浅至深存在Cu→Cu-W的分带规律。3类矿石中的白钨矿产状类似,充填在粗粒黄铁矿晶体间隙,或呈浸染状分布,被黄铜矿、闪锌矿等交代,产于退化蚀变阶段;其中斑岩中还存在少量晚世代白钨矿,与石英、黄铁矿共生,形成细脉并穿切花岗闪长斑岩,为石英-硫化物阶段产物。通过对退化蚀变阶段白钨矿进行测年和地球化学研究,作者获得了层状矿体含钨黄铜矿矿石中的白钨矿原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄为（140.6±1.5）Ma,代表层状铜钨矿体成矿时代,在误差范围内与前人获得的斑岩、矽卡岩型矿体的成矿时代基本一致。层状矿体中白钨矿的稀土元素特征和Sr/Mo值符合岩浆热液矿床特征,相比矽卡岩型、花岗岩型白钨矿,层状矿体中白钨矿具有明显较低Mo含量,反映了形成于相对低氧逸度条件;另外,层状矿体中白钨矿具有正Eu异常和与围岩相近的高Y/Ho值的特征,推测其是流体充分交代了含碳围岩地层导致流体性质的明显改变,并且有利于白钨矿和黄铁矿的沉淀,可从深部黄龙组层间部位形成钨品位更富的黄铁矿矿石得到佐证。文章从白钨矿角度证实层状矿体是斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的重要组成部分,提出在九瑞矿集区已知铜矿床的深部,尤其是燕山期中酸性侵入岩与含碳质碳酸盐岩的接触带及黄龙组层位,是寻找富钨矿体的新找矿方向。白钨矿的U-Pb同位素定年为长江中下游成矿带层状矿体的成矿时代提供了新的可靠依据。     

南岭中段祥霖铺魏家钨矿床矿体地质、控矿因素及成因探讨

魏家钨矿床为南岭中段近年来新发现的一个大型钨矿床。通过对该矿床两类矽卡岩型矿体的详细研究,探讨了矿床的主控因素,在此基础上综合前人研究成果剖析了矿床成因研究。认为,该矿床具有钙质矽卡岩型和镁质矽卡岩型两类钨矿体,两类矿体分别产于祥霖铺花岗斑岩体与泥盆系棋梓组灰岩和泥盆系黄公塘组白云岩接触带及层间破碎带内,受层间破碎带与接触带联合控制,具有十分明显的岩性和接触带控矿特征,矽卡岩化与成矿作用密切相关。钨矿成矿流体源自岩浆热液,矿化母岩为祥霖铺花岗斑岩,矿化温度介于300℃~400℃之间。矿床成因属于典型矽卡岩型钨矿床。     

小柳沟铜钨矿田矿化特征及找矿方向

小柳沟铜钨矿田现已发现矿床4处，小柳沟铜钨矿床以赋存于云母角闪片岩，夕卡岩，夕卡岩化灰岩中的似层状矿化为主，矿体规模较大，品位高，矿物成分复杂，围岩蚀变发育，世纪铜钨矿床仅以云母角闪片岩中似层状矿化为主，矿体规模较大，品位较高，矿物成分较简单，围岩蚀变较发育。祁宝铜钨矿床以赋存于岩体接触带中夕卡岩型矿化为主，矿体规模较小，品位低，矿石成分简单，围岩蚀变较发育。贵山铜钨矿床以云母角闪片岩中似层状矿化为主，矿体规模小，品位较低，矿石成分简单，围岩蚀变较发育。其找矿方向为：小柳沟铜钨矿床西部，世纪铜钨矿床西部及北部，贵山铜钨矿床东部云母角闪片岩，灰岩及Ⅰ－Ⅱ级重砂异常分布区，花岗岩体接触带各石英脉。     

广东省乐昌市禾尚田地区钨多金属矿床找矿进展及潜力分析

禾尚田钨多金属矿床位于南岭东西向构造带中段,粤北“山字型”构造瑶山脊柱西翼和南端。其中钨锡矿床产于上泥盆统天子岭组碳酸盐岩中,矿体呈脉状。成矿元素以钨、锡为主,伴生银、铜、铅、锌、铍等。禾尚田矿区钨矿体规模较大、矿体数目较多、走向和倾向上延续性好,目前已有工程控制的钨锡资源储量30万吨。根据地物化综合分析研究,在钨锡矿床外围根据成矿温度条件规律分布有很大找矿潜力的铅、锌、锑、银、金等矿床。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.