远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究

分别选用轮虫、轮虫＋卤虫、轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹／蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现：轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻的效果最好,幼蟹第二期的成活率为15％,轮虫＋菌虫的成海率为11％,卤虫的成活率为10％。而轮虫组仅能培育与蚤状幼体第三期,没有蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现;扁藻最差,仅能培育至蚤状幼体第一期,没有蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现,轮虫＋卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫＋扁藻组长;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言,蚤状幼体第一期最高,而蚤状幼体第五期最低。     

南海海域三疣梭子蟹的幼体培育

幼体期Z1和Z2投喂扁藻和轮虫,Z2后期开始以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体混合投喂,Z3后用卤虫无节幼体投喂,大眼幼体用不同饵料培育,进行南海海域三疣梭子蟹幼体培育,结果表明:溞状幼体平均成活率为15.3%;Z2变态为Z3、Z4变态为M为溞状幼体培育的敏感期,幼体的阶段成活率较低;以卤虫无节幼体、冰冻卤虫成虫、活卤虫成虫为饵料,均能使培育大眼幼体至幼蟹,其中活卤虫成虫投喂、加防残网片培育效果最好,成活率达80%。     

口虾蛄幼体开口饵料及早期生长的初步研究

【目的】研究不同开口饵料对口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)幼体存活和生长的影响。【方法】选用轮虫、轮虫+卤虫无节幼体、卤虫无节幼体、枝角类、小球藻等为开口饵料培养口虾蛄幼体20d。用卤虫无节幼体作为单一饵料进行口虾蛄幼体的早期生长研究。【结果】幼体开口后6 d(Z4期),单独投喂小球藻、轮虫、枝角类的口虾蛄幼体成活率为0%,而投喂轮虫+卤虫无节幼体、卤虫无节幼体的口虾蛄幼体成活率则相对较高,分别为89%和87%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在实验7～19 d内(Z5-Z8期),轮虫+卤虫无节幼体组成活率最佳,达71%,卤虫无节幼体组幼体成活率则为50%。单一投喂卤虫无节幼体0～15 d(Z2―Z7期)内口虾蛄幼体持续生长,15 d(Z7期)后口虾蛄不再生长,其体长与头胸甲长、腹部长、尾扇长等存在显著的线性回归关系(P0.01)。【结论】基于实验结果和口虾蛄幼体的摄食特性,建议口虾蛄幼体的开口投喂方案为幼体开口后的0～15d内(Z2―Z7期)主要投喂轮虫+卤虫无节幼体饵料,15 d后(Z7期)逐渐转至其他生物饵料。     

锈斑蟳(Charybdis feriatus)室内人工育苗的研究

盐度30、温度27.5～29.5℃、pH7.8～8.6的条件下,投喂扁藻(10×104mL-1)、轮虫(20mL-1～50mL-1)、卤虫无节幼体(1mL-1～30mL-1)及卤虫成体(0.1mL-1),进行锈斑蟳室内人工育苗试验。结果表明:溞状幼体Z1期2～4d,存活率100%;Z2期2～3d,存活率74.0%～78.0%;Z3、Z4、Z5期各3d,存活率分别为37.5%～59.0%、26.5%～43.0%、22.0%～36.7%;Z6期3～5d,存活率19.0%～26.3%;大眼幼体5～6d,存活率11.0%～11.5%;Ⅰ期幼蟹(蟹苗)存活率4.5%～5.0%,整个育苗过程共计20～26d。     

合浦绒螯蟹的繁殖生物学

为保护和开发合浦绒螯蟹资源 ,通过生态调查和实验 ,研究了该蟹的繁殖生物学 ,结果表明 :1、该蟹在淡水中生长 ,在盐度为 8～ 2 5的海水中繁殖 ;2、其生活史包括卵、氵蚤状幼体、大眼幼体、幼蟹、成蟹几个阶段 ;3、繁殖季节为 10月到翌年 3月 ,卵和幼体生长发育的适宜水温为 15～ 2 5℃。     

罗氏沼虾幼体摄食和饥饿的初步研究

在室内实验条件下，对罗氏沼虾各期蚤状幼体摄食卤虫无节幼体量及早期饥饿对蚤幼发育变态的影响进行了试验。结果表明，罗氏沼虾幼体从ＺⅡ开始摄食，ＺⅢ摄食量明显增加，日摄食卤虫无节约体量为１９个，随着蜕皮变态．日摄食量逐渐增大．到ＺⅥ日摄食量达９０个，但在蜕变皮间期内日摄食量差别不大，从Ｚ１发育至Ｐ１平均每尾幼体摄食卤虫无节幼体总量为１０９４个。饥饿对罗氏沼虾幼体早期的变态和成活有明显影响，罗氏沼虾幼体的ＰＮＲ１０Ｏ约为４ｄ。     

马氏珠母贝幼体用作斑节对虾育苗饵料的初步试验

利用雷州半岛广泛养殖的马氏珠母贝及珍珠生产中大量废弃的珍珠贝体成熟性腺,获取贝类幼体作为饵料来培育斑节对虾苗。通过比较不同投喂方式的对虾幼体的变态率,各时期的成活率和出苗率来探讨贝类幼体替代事部分替代卤虫卵的可行性。研究结果表明,投喂珠母贝幼体的试验池比投喂卤虫幼体、骨条藻的对虾幼体早期变态率要高。而平均出苗率以投喂卤虫幼体的池最高,为４９．８％;投喂珠母贝幼体的池略低,为４０．４％;而前期仅投喂     

合浦绒螯蟹的繁殖生物学

为保护和开发合浦绒螯蟹资源,通过生态调查和实验,研究了该蟹的繁殖生物学,结果表明：１、该蟹在浅水中生长,在盐度为８－２５的海水中繁殖;２其生活史包括卵,蚤状幼体,大眼幼体、幼蟹、成蟹几个阶段;３、繁殖季节为１０月到翌年３月,卵和幼体生长发育的适宜水温为１５－２５℃。     

合浦绒螯蟹生长和生态特性

为保护和开发合浦绒螯蟹资源,通过生态调查和养殖试验,研究了该蟹的生长和生态特征,结果表明该蟹在淡水中生长,在盐度8～25的海水中繁殖;其生活史包括卵、蚤状幼体、大眼幼体、幼蟹和成蟹5个阶段.各阶段的生长和生态特征各不相同.规格较大的蟹其绝对生长值也大,但相对生长率则较小;相反,规格较小的蟹其绝对生长值较小,但相对生长率则较大.合浦绒螯蟹交配的适宜水温是1 5～20℃,盐度8～25;蚤状幼体生长的适宜水温为20～25℃,盐度8～25;大眼幼体已趋于淡水生活,其生长适温18～28℃;幼蟹和成蟹在淡水中生活,适温是20～30℃.资源调查和养殖试验结果表明合浦绒螯蟹的生长速度较快,一年内可长成,开展人工养殖是可行的.     

冲绳日本绒螯蟹线粒体DNA 12S rRNA序列的研究

采集日本冲绳源河川和边野古川的日本绒螯蟹样品 ,参考果蝇与蚤状氵蚤线粒体 DNA12 Sr RNA基因片段序列进行了其相同片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定。结果表明冲绳两河川 4只日本绒螯蟹的碱基序列完全相同 ,为 4 58bp,其 A、T、G、C含量分别为 16 0 bp(34.94 % )、 179bp(39.0 8% )、4 9bp(10 .70 % )、70 bp(15.2 8% ) ,同果蝇与蚤状氵蚤相同基因片段的序列含量相似。     

STUDY ON KINETICS OF GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY SOME SPECIES OF PLANKTON

The. rates of glucose uptake by some species of plankton were determined by 3H-glucose tracer method. Experimental results indicated that the observed glucose uptake at natural sea water concentrations by Platymonas subcordiformis and Brachionus plicatilis was principally a metabolic process fitted with the Michaelis-Menten equation in the range of adaptive temperatures. Heterotrophic uptake by Platymonas subcordiformis was mainly dependent on diffusion at high glucose levels. The uptake by Brachionus plicatilis showed active transport even at high glucose levels, indicating its high heterotrophic activity. The uptake rate by Anemia salina was lower, and its Vm/K ratio was lower than those of the other two species of plankton.     

环境因子对L型、S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响

在实验室条件下,通过种群累积培养的方法,研究了不同盐度和小球藻(Chorellavulgaris)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)、微绿球藻(Nannochlorisoculata)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)等不同饵料微藻对L型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilistipicus)和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilisrotundiformis)生长的影响,探讨这两种轮虫在生态条件上的差异。结果表明:L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫对盐度的适应有显著的差异,生长的最适盐度分别为15和20,大水体培养时,其适宜生长的盐度范围分别是15~20和10 ~30。饵料微藻对L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响一致。小球藻培养效果在4种饵料微藻中最好,其生长率明显高于微绿球藻和亚心形扁藻,波吉卵囊藻培养效果较差。     

COPPER ACCUMULATION AND TRANSPORT IN A MARINE FOOD CHAIN COMPOSED OF PLATYMONAS SUBCORDIFORMIS, BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS AND PENAEUS MONODON

mooimON~ofheaVyInetalpollutantsonmarineorganismswereextenSivelystudedguiAgenetal.,l99l,LiuFayietal.,l988,PatinS.A.,l982).bouseofthemarineansySteIncomPlexityandthevarietyofthefoodchain,pollutantSaretIanspondindiliferentwayS-Therefore,studyofthetIansPortofPonutantsinthefoodchainhasdrawnmuchattention.TherearerePortSontheaCCUInulatinnandusnsportofsorneradi0nuclidesguiFulongetal.,l984)suchasCs,Co,andZnandsometIaceelernentSsuchasV,SeandNinthernarinefoodchain(Mthemand,Ctal.,l98O;Unsal,…     

Copper accumulation and transport in a marine food chain composed ofPlatymonas subcordiformis, brachionus plicatilis andPenaeus monodon

Accumulation, transport and toxicity of Cu in the food chain consisting ofPlatymonas subcordiformis, Brachionus plicatilis andPenaeus monodon were studied. Effects of Cu on the growth of organisms in the food chain were investigated and the inhibiting effect concentration (EC₅₀) of Cu was then determined according to the dynamics of the relative number of cells or total individuals of organisms, expressed in percentages with reference to the controlled system, under different culture conditions. On the basis of the variations in accumulation and percentages of accumulation of Cu in the biological phase, the relationship between the accumulation of Cu in organisms and its toxicity was analyzed and the main approach for determining the transport of Cu in the food chain was then discussed. Project 3880644 supported by NSFC.     

Ingestion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachionus plicatilis</Emphasis> under different microalgae conditions

The effects of four microalgae,Chlorella vulgaris,Platymonas helgolandicavar,Isochrysis galbana,and Nitzschia closterium on the grazing and filtering rates of the marine rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis,were evaluated under laboratory conditions.The grazing rates in separate cultures of the four microalga were as follows:C.vulgaris > P.helgolandicavar > I.galbana > N.closterium.However,the filtering rates occurred in the following order:P.helgolandicavar > N.closterium > C.vulgaris > I.galbana.A mixed diets ex...     

4种斑节对虾亲虾饵料蛋白质的营养价值评价

分析了沙蚕、缢蛏、拖鱿鱼胴体、花蟹蟹肉以及斑节对虾亲虾肌肉和成熟卵巢基本营养成分、氨基酸组成。通过计算4种饵料与斑节对虾亲虾肌肉和成熟卵巢的必需氨基酸比率(A/E)的比值和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI),评价4种斑节对虾亲虾饵料蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明:沙蚕、缢蛏、拖鱿鱼胴体、花蟹蟹肉以及斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)亲虾肌肉和成熟卵巢中的粗蛋白质量分数分别为9.18%、8.14%、12.10%、17.00%、21.90%、18.60%;总氨基酸质量分数分别为7.30%、7.47%、11.70%、14.80%、19.40%、14.60%。以斑节对虾亲虾肌肉蛋白为参比,沙蚕、缢蛏、拖鱿鱼胴体以及花蟹蟹肉的必需氨基酸指数分别0.93、0.94、0.94、0.97;以斑节对虾亲虾成熟卵巢蛋白为参比,沙蚕、缢蛏、拖鱿鱼胴体以及花蟹蟹肉的必需氨基酸指数分别0.95、0.93、0.88、0.84。这说明4种亲虾饵料相对斑节对虾亲虾而言是一种优质蛋白质,能够满足亲虾蛋白需求。不过,精氨酸、组氨酸等必需氨基酸,不能完全满足亲虾需求。     

食物类型和浓度对双齿许水蚤摄食的影响

在不同饵料条件下,对双齿许水蚤(Schmackeria dubin)的清滤率(mL.只-1.h-1)、滤食率(细胞.只-1.h-1)和摄食率(mg.只-1.h-1)进行了测定。结果表明:以湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)为饵料,其浓度为15×104～120×104 mL-1时,双齿许水蚤的摄食率达到较大;分别饲以同生物量的牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros müelleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、湛江等鞭金藻、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)时,饵料为角毛藻和扁藻时双齿许水蚤的摄食率达到较大;饲以同生物量的牟氏角毛藻、亚心形扁藻、湛江等鞭金藻、小球藻、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)六种藻的混合饵料时,双齿许水蚤对湛江等鞭金藻的摄食率和选食率均为最大,分别为0.0458 mg.只-1.h-1和17.1%。可见,饵料浓度、饵料种类、混合饵料对双齿许水蚤的清滤率和摄食率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。     

Using iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins Related to Larval Development of Portunus trituberculatus

The swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is an economically important marine crustacean species. Here isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) analysis were used to identify proteins that are differentially expressed during larval development of P. trituberculatus to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In comparison with the first zoea stage(Z1), 3980 proteins were identified from 32789 peptides, which were matched with 115497 spectrums. A total of 241 proteins were screened with significantly differential expressions in all development stages. These 241 proteins are involved in various biological processes, such as cytoskeleton organization, protein synthesis, energy production and substance metabolism, physiological activities, and transport.Cluster analyses of the 241 differentially expressed proteins led to the generation of four protein clusters based on the overall similarity in protein expression patterns. Exactly 54, 70, 36, and 45 proteins clustered in profiles 10(0, 0, 0,-1, 0, 0), 15(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1), 18(0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0), and 19(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), respectively. Muscle development and exoskeleton renewal were important processes throughout the development stages. In addition, protein synthesis, degradation, and digestion actively occurred, especially at the Z4 stage. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying larval development of swimming crab and can assist in larval rearing.     

引进印度尼西亚大珠母贝人工育苗试验

在雷州半岛海域水温24.0～30.0℃、盐度30.8～32.5、pH8.0～8.3条件下,以牟氏角毛藻,亚心形扁藻,牟氏角毛藻、亚心形扁藻和小球藻,天然混合藻等4种饵料,进行印度尼西亚产大珠母贝亲贝促熟培育试验。结果表明:不同饵料组合在亲贝促熟百分率、排精产卵率和受精率之间差异不显著(P>0.05);阴干温差流水刺激可以有效诱导亲贝排精产卵,优选幼虫和投放合适的采苗器可以提高幼虫的变态率。