中天山卡瓦布拉克地区早泥盆世—晚 石炭世中-基性侵入岩的年代学、 岩石成因及构造意义

中天山卡瓦布拉克地区中-基性侵入岩由石英闪长岩、斜长岩和橄榄辉长岩组成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析结果表明,石英闪长岩形成于412.2±3.2 Ma,斜长岩形成于297.1±3.1 Ma,分别代表晚古生代早期和晚期的岩浆活动。石英闪长岩的ε_Hf（t）值介于为+0.3～+15.4,对应的二阶段模式年龄T_DM2 = 1 381～427 Ma。斜长岩的ε_Hf（t）值为+6.4～+11.3,对应的单阶段模式年龄T_DM = 678～498 Ma。地球化学分析结果显示,它们均富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素。基于野外地质、岩相学和地球化学特征,并结合区域地质资料认为,石英闪长岩形成于早泥盆世南天山洋北向俯冲于中天山地块之下的活动大陆边缘环境,是幔源岩浆和壳源岩浆混合的产物;斜长岩和橄榄辉长岩形成于伸展环境,其母岩浆来自被俯冲带流/熔体交代过的年轻岩石圈地幔。橄榄辉长岩中的多期捕获锆石年龄揭示中天山基底经历了长期多期次构造热事件,其中最老的年龄（2 767～2 663 Ma）能否说明中天山存在太古代基底有待于进一步研究。     

茫崖闪长岩的成因及对造山带构造演化的指示意义

南阿尔金造山带是中国西北地区重要的俯冲—碰撞杂岩带。笔者等对茫崖地区出露的闪长岩开展岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu—Hf同位素地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因和成岩时的构造环境。研究表明,茫崖闪长岩亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Th、U、HREEs、Ba、Sr等元素,富集Rb等大离子亲石元素及LREEs,显示与俯冲相关岛弧岩浆岩相似的地球化学特征。样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为494～461 Ma,ε_Hf (t)为0.01～3.90,t_DM2为1496～1447 Ma,少量ε_Hf (t)为负值(-2.22～-0.03),t_DM2为1453～1254 Ma,指示其物质来源以中元古代(1453～1254 Ma)新生地壳物质为主,混合少量中元古代(1496～1447 Ma)古老地壳物质。综上,该期岩浆活动是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致下地壳熔融的产物,指示南阿尔金造山带在<494 Ma进入深俯冲陆壳断离—折返阶段,同时伴随着大规模幔源岩浆的底侵作用,茫崖闪长岩是深俯冲陆壳断离后折返作用的岩浆活动响应。     

华北克拉通东部古太平洋板块俯冲与回撤作用:来自辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石的记录与启示

目前对于华北克拉通东部晚中生代花岗质岩石的成因仍存在地幔柱、加厚/拆沉下地壳部分熔融、俯冲板片脱水导致地壳熔融等不同认识。辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石主要由二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩和石英正长岩组成,岩浆成因锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示岩浆活动主要发生于晚侏罗世(156Ma)、早白垩世早期(139Ma)、早白垩世中期(130～125Ma)。岩石地球化学测试分析结果显示岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列且具有富集K、Pb等大离子亲石元素而相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素等活动陆缘岩浆岩特点,表明辽西地区晚中生代岩浆活动的发生与俯冲作用有关。晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(156～139Ma)花岗质岩石地球化学特征与I型花岗岩类似,同时具有富集的Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=-22.70～-18.66)和古老的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=2387～2767Ma),其初始岩浆可能来源于古老中上地壳的部分熔融;形成于130Ma的花岗质岩石同样具有与I型花岗岩相类似的岩石地球化学特征,但其Hf同位素组成突变为亏损(εHf(t)=+3.64～+6.22、tDM1=537～969Ma),其初始岩浆起源于新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融并混入少量亏损地幔物质组分;形成于125Ma的花岗质岩石为碱性A型花岗岩,岩石地球化学特征与其他岩石有所不同,具有负的εHf(t)值(-17.30～-11.56)和相对古老的Hf同位素二阶段年龄(tDM2=1917～2278Ma),初始岩浆可能起源于较为古老的中下地壳部分熔融并有幔源物质的参与。华北克拉通东部形成于160～139Ma的花岗质岩石具有I型、高钾钙碱性、与埃达克质岩石类似的高Sr/Y、低Y含量特征和富集的Hf同位素组成,而形成于130～120Ma的花岗质岩石具有A型、碱性、与典型岛弧岩浆岩类似的岩石地球化学特征和相对亏损的Hf同位素组成,同时晚中生代岩浆活动具有向洋年轻化的特点,表明华北克拉通东部156～139Ma期间可能受到古太平洋板块的持续俯冲作用,而139～130Ma古太平洋俯冲板片开始回撤,130～125Ma进入古太平洋俯冲板片持续回撤导致的强烈区域伸展作用阶段。古太平洋俯冲板片脱水交代岩石圈地幔并形成幔源岩浆,幔源岩浆不断底侵作用于古老/新生地壳使其发生部分熔融为花岗质岩石提供岩浆来源。     

青海省赛支寺花岗闪长岩及其暗色包体成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

祁连造山带分为南祁连、中祁连和北祁连构造带.赛支寺岩体位于中祁连与南祁连构造带的结合部位.首次发现了赛支寺花岗闪长岩及其暗色包体,然而对于暗色包体的成因机理以及与寄主岩石之间的成因联系仍存在很多争议.并对其进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素、岩石地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究,探讨赛支寺岩体及其暗色包体的成因及动力学背景.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明,赛支寺花岗闪长岩形成于446.1±1.3 Ma,包体形成于446.0±1.0 Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,排除了包体为捕虏体成因.暗色包体具较低的SiO₂含量、较高的Na₂O/K₂O比值,低Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,与寄主岩稀土配分曲线基本一致,但LREE相对较低;86Sr/87Sr=0.706 4~0.706 7,ε_Nd(t)=-7.38~-7.97;发育针状磷灰石,形成于岩浆混合作用.寄主岩SiO₂=66.45%~68.12%,Na₂O/K₂O=0.80~0.97,A/CNK=0.91~1.03,显示准铝质-弱过铝质岩浆特点;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Nb、Ta等元素,高Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,轻稀土富集,弱负Eu异常;86Sr/87Sr=0.709 3~0.709 5,ε_Nd(t)=-1.75~-1.03,与祁连造山带I型花岗岩相似;锆石ε_Hf(t)=1.7~6.8,T_DM2=995~1 750 Ma.综上所述认为,寄主花岗闪长岩形成于壳幔岩浆混合.结合区域地质背景,赛支寺花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲背景下,幔源岩浆上涌,侵入到下地壳中,造成下地壳物质熔融,由这种既有幔源物质又有古老地壳物质的花岗岩岩浆形成.      

海南岛二叠纪—三叠纪构造演化：源自岩浆岩和变质岩同位素年代学和地球化学的约束

本文对海南岛广泛出露的中-酸性花岗质岩体和中—高级变质岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素研究,识别出270～259 Ma和242 Ma两期岩浆事件和251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件。270～259 Ma岩浆岩包括花岗(石英)闪长岩和含石榴子石花岗岩。花岗(石英)闪长岩为准铝质I型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值变化较大,Mg^#和CaO/Na₂O比值较高,Rb/Sr比值较低,起源于玄武质下地壳,并存在少量幔源岩浆的混入;含石榴子石花岗岩为典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值为负,CaO/Na₂O比值较高,源岩主要为壳源贫黏土的碎屑岩。它们均富集LREEs(轻稀土元素)和LILEs(大离子亲石元素),明显亏损HFSEs(高场强元素),显示出与洋壳俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征,形成于大陆弧背景下。251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件与区域上广泛分布的壳源S型花岗岩和韧性剪切变形同期,推测为一期弧-陆碰撞造山事件。242 Ma花岗岩为A₂     

华北克拉通阜平杂岩新太古代-古元古代多期地质事件及其构造性质

本文收集了阜平杂岩新太古代早期-古元古代晚期基底岩石的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、同位素地球化学和变质作用资料,以期对阜平杂岩早寒武纪演化历史进行初步总结.阜平新太古代早期~2.7 Ga片麻岩原岩为英云闪长岩,具有TTG质片麻岩的地球化学特征;其锆石ε_Hf（t）具有较高的正值（+5.44~+7.50）,单阶段模式年龄为2 745~2 824 Ma,表明新太古代早期为阜平杂岩强烈的地壳生长时期.新太古代晚期片麻岩的时代集中于2 543~2 484 Ma,主要岩石类型为英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩（TTG）,同时区域内还存在二长花岗岩.TTG质片麻岩的ε_Nd（t）值为-1.64~+0.96,单阶段模式年龄为2.76~3.04 Ga;锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-1.9~+7.91,单阶段和两阶段模式年龄分别为2 546~2 888 Ma和2 548~3 119 Ma.这些TTG岩石主要为新太古代早期岩石的部分熔融,并有少量中太古代地壳物质参与.近于同期具有岛弧性质的辉长岩和变质作用暗示阜平杂岩新太古代晚期可能经历了俯冲和弧-陆或陆-陆碰撞.古元古代中期（2.1~2.0 Ga）阜平地区花岗质岩浆活动强烈.该阶段花岗岩具有A型花岗岩特征,与同期的火山-沉积岩系形成于华北克拉通古元古代中期伸展的陆内裂谷环境中.阜平杂岩中基性麻粒岩包体记录的变质作用时代为1.89~1.85 Ga,并具有顺时针演化的P-T轨迹,其代表了古元古代晚期裂谷闭合的陆内造山过程,表明华北最终克拉通化.      

浙西北地区晚中生代花岗岩的岩石成因

浙西北地区晚中生代处于环太平洋活动大陆边缘,区内岩浆侵入活动强烈,发育Ⅰ型和铝质A型两类花岗岩,前者又分为低分异Ⅰ型（简称Ⅰ型）和高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩两种,形成时限为中侏罗世-早白垩世早期（172~135 Ma）,其中高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩集中于早白垩世早期（147~135 Ma）;铝质A型花岗岩形成于早白垩世中期（135~123 Ma）.同位素地球化学研究表明,中侏罗世-早白垩世早期Ⅰ型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.707 004~0.711 896,ε_Nd（t）值为-6.70~-2.00,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-5.08~-1.67,T_DMC值为1 162~1 358 Ma,系古太平洋板块俯冲挤压的构造环境下,少量幔源物质沿变向俯冲引起的板片裂隙（窗）与下地壳重熔岩浆混合作用的产物;晚侏罗世末期-早白垩世早期高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i为0.706 890~ 0.709 880,ε_Nd（t）值为-6.80~-4.50,锆石ε_Hf（t）为-6.59~-5.23,T_DMC为1 350~1 423 Ma,是古太平洋板块撤离机制下挤压向伸展转换的产物,系软流圈上涌诱发的幔源基性岩浆与中元古代地壳物质的部分熔融形成长英质岩浆混合并经高程度分异演化形成;早白垩世中期铝质A型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.703 503~0.710 171,ε_Nd（t）值为-8.90~-0.30,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-9.70~2.48,T_DMC值为734~1 593 Ma,为岩石圈持续减薄机制下,越来越多的幔源物质（或新生地壳）涌入深部长英质岩浆房混合形成.      

西藏纳如松多矿区晚白垩世石英闪长岩锆石原位Hf-O同位素特征与岩石成因

拉萨地体的增生演化受到新特提斯洋俯冲的制约,新特提斯洋于中生代启动北向俯冲,在拉萨地体南部形成晚白垩世“岩浆大爆发”。纳如松多铅锌矿床位于中拉萨地体南缘,矿区内晚白垩世石英闪长岩的岩浆源区特征及成因机制目前尚未得到很好的解释。通过矿区内该石英闪长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf-O同位素组成研究,结果表明,纳如松多石英闪长岩结晶年龄为83.0±1.0 Ma,锆石ε_Hf(t)和二阶段模式年龄T_DM2分别为-2.6～1.0(平均值为-0.8)和1139～1363 Ma(平均值为1253 Ma);δ¹⁸O值介于6.5‰～7.9‰之间(平均值为7.2‰)。锆石原位Hf-O同位素组成指示,石英闪长岩源区具有壳幔二端元混合的特征,二端元混合模式计算显示幔源岩浆贡献较大,且存在成熟地壳物质加入。纳如松多石英闪长岩与南拉萨地体晚白垩世岩浆的活动时间和动力学背景一致,是拉萨地体南部晚白垩世岩浆大爆发事件的一部分,指示由新特提斯洋北向俯冲引起的晚白垩世强烈岩浆活动的范围不局限于南拉萨地体,还延伸到中拉萨地体。     

内蒙古敖汉旗七家金矿闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

内蒙古敖汉旗七家金矿构造位置上处于兴蒙造山带与华北克拉通北缘的结合部位, 靠近兴蒙造山带一侧, 是近年来新发现的石英脉型金矿床.区内岩脉以闪长玢岩为主, 且与石英脉型矿体空间关系密切.根据岩脉与矿体的穿插关系, 将其分为成矿前闪长玢岩和成矿后闪长玢岩.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明, 成矿前闪长玢岩加权平均年龄为166.3±3.4 Ma, 成矿后闪长玢岩加权平均年龄为128.6±4.5 Ma, 与区域上两期构造-岩浆活动时间(分别为160 Ma左右和128 Ma左右)近似吻合.主量元素特征显示: 二者均属于准铝质, 高钾钙碱性系列; 微量元素特征显示: 二者均富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)和活泼的不相容元素(U、Pb), 相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti), 反映出岩浆来源具壳源特征.主微量元素特征均显示出二者具有岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学属性.另外, 成矿后闪长玢岩有较高的Nb/Ta(18.66~20.27)和Zr/Hf(37.16~39.23)比值, 暗示其岩浆来源具明显的幔源特征.岩石地球化学特征表明, 成矿前闪长玢岩可能起源于太平洋板块俯冲导致的下地壳部分熔融岩浆; 成矿后闪长玢岩可能起源于俯冲流体交代的地幔楔熔融岩浆, 并在其演化侵位过程中伴有地壳物质的混染.结合闪长玢岩成岩时代、岩石成因及区域构造演化, 反映出七家金矿的形成与太平洋板块的西向俯冲密切相关, 矿床在地壳由挤压增厚向伸展减薄的转换过程中形成.     

藏南早侏罗世新特提斯洋俯冲过程中壳幔混合作用:来自日喀则东嘎闪长质岩体的证据

大陆地壳的总体成分是闪长质的,闪长岩的成因是理解大陆地壳形成的关键。发育在青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩基,其总体成分是闪长质的,但是前人的研究主要集中在讨论镁铁质和长英质岩石的成因,很少涉及闪长岩。本工作选取冈底斯岩基中部东嘎闪长质岩体作为研究对象,以揭示冈底斯带闪长岩的成因及其与地壳生长的关系。锆石U-Pb定年显示东嘎闪长岩形成于(176.5±1.2)Ma,并且有(191.3±1.2)Ma的继承锆石,指示有早期地壳组分的加入。这些闪长岩具有相对较高的Mg~#(0.40~0.44),亏损的Sr((~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.703570~0.703595)、Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=+6.1~+6.5)和锆石Hf(ε_(Hf)(t)=+12.0~+14.7)同位素组成,以及较高的~(147)Sm/~(144)Nd值,表明岩浆源区有地幔物质贡献。岩相学上,闪长岩中镁铁质聚晶团块附近的针状磷灰石,以及东嘎岩体中广泛发育的镁铁质包体,暗示闪长岩为岩浆混合成因。岩浆混合的地球化学检验,也证实东嘎闪长岩是由幔源和壳源岩浆混合形成。东嘎闪长岩的壳幔混合成因表明在早侏罗世新特提斯洋俯冲过程中发生了垂向大陆地壳生长。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the