Evolution of fluid chemistry in quartz compaction systems: Experimental investigations and numerical modeling

The evolution of fluid chemistry in compacting rock is controlled by coupled chemical processes and rock deformation. In order to characterize this evolution, we conducted water-rock interaction experiments using quartz aggregates at 150 °C and effective pressure of 34.5 MPa. A coupled fluid flow, chemical reaction, and creep compaction model is developed, in which both free-surface reaction and grain-contact dissolution are considered as system volume and porosity evolve.The direct experimental measurement and numerical modeling indicate that effective pressure has significant effects on pore-fluid chemistry. At the early stages of compaction, pore fluids are supersaturated with respect to bulk quartz. With increasing compaction and time, solute concentrations gradually decrease to saturated conditions. Supersaturation is caused mainly by dissolution of ultrafines and high-energy, unstable surfaces which are produced by stress concentrations at grain contacts during the very early stages of compaction. Grain-contact dissolution also contributes to the solute increase in pore fluid in the early stage of compaction, but the effect is small compared to that of ultrafines and unstable surfaces and only slight supersaturation can be produced by it. The gradual decrease in pore-fluid concentration is related to the mechanical removal of ultrafines by pore-fluid flow and the dissolution of ultrafines and unstable surfaces. It also results from the lessening of grain-contact dissolution.Pore fluids in compacting sedimentary basins of quartz sandstone are nearly saturated throughout most of diagenetic processes. Ultrafines and unstable surfaces produced by stress appear not to be the major sources of quartz cement.     

Experimental pressure solution-deposition on quartz grains: the crucial effect of the nature of the fluid

Experimental deformation by pressure solution was performed on an aggregate of small grains subjected to deviatoric stress (50 MPa) for a long time (several weeks or months) at relatively high temperature and pressure in contact with various fluids (air, water, 0.1 to 1 N NaOH for quartz, water and 5% NH₄Cl for calcite). The change in shape of the grains by solution—deposition depended; on the duration of the experiment (with the same fluid) and on the concentration of the solid in solution (with the same duration but various fluids). Significant shape changes were obtained for quartz grains, but only with both long duration and very good solvents (1 N NaOH). By comparison with previously obtained results on the change of shape of fluid inclusions (where the kinetics of dissolution was the rate controlling process), the limiting process of the deformation of the quartz grains was inferred to be the rate of diffusion along grain boundaries saturated with trapped fluid.     

Plastic-deformati on mechanisms in quartz: The effect of water

High-temperature and pressure-deformation experiments indicate that small amounts of water strongly affect the plastic-deformation mechanisms that operate in quartz. Inherently dry natural quartz crystals exhibit a transition from T = (0001), to , t = [0001] glide at approximately 700° C at a strain rate of 8 · 10⁻⁶ sec⁻¹. The transition temperature decreases with decreasing strain rate. When water is diffused into dry natural crystals at high temperature, duplex slip occurs on the systems (0001), 112̄0and either {112̄0}, [0001] or {101̄0}, [0001] depending on which of the latter systems is most highly stressed.Hydrothermally grown synthetic quartz crystals contain relatively large amounts of structurally bound water. In these crystals, a transition occurs from (0001), 112̄0 to dominantly pencil glide in the [0001] and possibly 112̄3 directions. The transition temperature is strongly dependent on the water content of the crystals, and coincides with the hydrolytic weakening temperature defined by Griggs and Blacic for these crystals. Inhomogeneous distribution of water in the synthetic crystals controls the distribution of plastic strain and may, in part, control the orientation of subbasal deformation lamellae in these.It is suggested that anisotropic diffusion of H-OH in quartz may be responsible for the operation of the [0001] pencil-glide system in the hydrolytic weakening regime. Crystal structure anisotropy may also play a role in the slip-system transition through its influence on the Peierls stress, and this is most likely the dominant factor in the dry crystals.     

Accumulation of structural radiation defects in quartz in cooling systems: basis for dating

Determination of the mineral age based on the creation of radiation structure defects depends on the thermal stability of these defects. Accumulation of radiation defects in solids in cooling systems taking into account their time dependent first-order as well as second-order annihilation is analyzed theoretically. Second-order kinetics in comparison with first-order leads to increased duration of a transitional period and to a lower accumulation rate. The contribution of the transitional period is determined by the cooling rate of the geological system and by the production rate of structure defects. Resulting formulas are applied for dating rock-forming quartz from the Eldzhurtinsky granite massif (Great Caucasus, Russia) with the help of electron paramagnetic resonance. It is shown that the EPR age calculated with the formulas derived in this study in comparison with the results of the conventional additive dose technique is closer to the results of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. Due to annihilation of radiation defects even at low temperature the EPR dating method can be applied to a limited time range. Received: 18 March 1997 / Revised, accepted: 28 July 1997     

Observation of the Earth's radiation budget from space

The planet's radiation budget includes practically all energy exchange between the Sun, the Earth, and space, and so is a fundamental factor of climate. The terms of this budget, observable only from space, are determined from sampled direct measurements of the solar and terrestrial radiation fields. On the contrary, however, it should be remembered that energy exchange between the Earth's surface and its atmosphere involves not only radiative but also non-radiative energy fluxes. Nevertheless, only observations from space can provide satisfactory global coverage of the different energy fluxes that determine climate at the Earth's surface, by way of indirect retrievals of radiative fluxes at the surface and at different heights in the atmosphere. We describe the methods, applied to measurements made with a variety of instruments on board different artificial satellites, that have led to our present knowledge of the Earth's radiation budget (ERB) at the “top of the atmosphere”: global annual mean values of the ERB terms, its annual cycle, its geographical structure, and its variations. We know that solar irradiance, averaged over the globe and the year, varies by only 0.1% with the solar activity cycle; we also know that planetary (Bond) albedo is close to 0.3, that the global annual mean emission of thermal infrared radiation to space is close to 240 Wm^?2, and that these terms exhibit a weak but well determined annual cycle. We also know that cloud cover plays a major role in the radiation budget, both in the “shortwave” domain (global SW “cloud radiative forcing” –50 Wm^?2) and in the “longwave” domain (+20 Wm^?2), thus a net forcing of –30 Wm^?2. Successive satellite missions give consistent results for the shape, the phase, and the amplitude of the annual cycle of the planetary radiation balance. However, the different estimates of its annual mean absolute value remain uncertain, not differing significantly from zero, although generally excessively positive. We also rapidly review the methods used to determine the surface radiation budget as well as that of the atmosphere. For the planetary (TOA) radiation budget, we examine to what extent interannual variations and interdecadal trends have been or could be detected. We conclude with a review of projects under way. We also discuss priorities for future efforts, considering in particular, on the one hand (Ringer, 1997), the need to better quantify the factors that govern climate sensitivity to modifications of the atmosphere's radiative properties, on the other hand, the importance of monitoring the evolution of the present disequilibrium situation.     

Soil chemistry in lithologically diverse datasets: The quartz dilution effect

National- and continental-scale soil geochemical datasets are likely to move our understanding of broad soil geochemistry patterns forward significantly. Patterns of chemistry and mineralogy delineated from these datasets are strongly influenced by the composition of the soil parent material, which itself is largely a function of lithology and particle size sorting. Such controls present a challenge by obscuring subtler patterns arising from subsequent pedogenic processes. Here the effect of quartz concentration is examined in moist-climate soils from a pilot dataset of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Due to variable and high quartz contents (6.2–81.7 wt.%), and its residual and inert nature in soil, quartz is demonstrated to influence broad patterns in soil chemistry. A dilution effect is observed whereby concentrations of various elements are significantly and strongly negatively correlated with quartz. Quartz content drives artificial positive correlations between concentrations of some elements and obscures negative correlations between others. Unadjusted soil data show the highly mobile base cations Ca, Mg, and Na to be often strongly positively correlated with intermediately mobile Al or Fe, and generally uncorrelated with the relatively immobile high-field-strength elements (HFS) Ti and Nb. Both patterns are contrary to broad expectations for soils being weathered and leached. After transforming bulk soil chemistry to a quartz-free basis, the base cations are generally uncorrelated with Al and Fe, and negative correlations generally emerge with the HFS elements. Quartz-free element data may be a useful tool for elucidating patterns of weathering or parent-material chemistry in large soil datasets.     

Lattice dynamical calculations of anisotropic temperature factors of atoms in quartz,and the structure of β-quartz

Temperature factors for oxygen and silicon atoms in β-quartz were calculated on a Born-von Karman lattice dynamical model of an ordered structure. The calculated thermal ellipsoids were in excellent agreements with those of the previous structure refinements of the order model, for both magnitudes and orientations of the principal axes. The temperature factors are contributed mainly by the soft optic modes in Γ-M and the lowest-lying acoustic modes along Γ-A, which are also strongly temperature-dependent. The cusp-shaped temperature dependence of mean square displacements, 〈u²〉, of oxygen atom, observed previously around the α-β transition, are resulted from the softening of these modes. The temperature-dependent modes in Γ-A were also found to cause diffuse scattering extending along ±c^* of the fourth hexagon of the hk0 reciprocal lattice plane. The negative expansion known in β-quartz were interpreted in terms of asymmetrical forces exerting on oxygen atoms in Si-O-Si bending modes. In β-quartz, librational motions of oxygen atoms around Si-Si lines with large amplitudes, whose center is just on the β-position of high symmetry, must be possible under the condition that bending tetrahedral O-Si-O angles is energetically more favourable than compressing or stretching Si-O bonds.     

Experimental diffusion of hydrogen into synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz

Abstract Quartz-hosted, synthetic CO₂-H₂O fluid inclusions behave as open systems with respect to diffusional transfer of hydrogen during laboratory-simulated metamorphic re-equilibration at 650, 750 and 825°C and 1.5 kbar total pressure with f_O2 defined by the C-CH₄ buffer. Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy show that the initial CO₂-H₂O inclusions become CO₂-CH₄-H₂-H_2O
inclusions after diffusive influx of hydrogen from the reducing confining medium. Measurable changes are observed in inclusion compositions after only 15 days of re-equilibration, implying significant hydrogen mobility at still lower temperatures over geological time spans. Results of synthetic inclusion re-equilibrium experiments have profound implications for the interpretation of natural fluid-inclusion data; failure to account for potential hydrogen migration in inclusions from high-temperature geological environments may lead to erroneous estimates of P-T, and/or the compositions of metamorphic fluids.     

Experimental investigation of the kinetics of Ostwald ripening of quartz in silicic melts

To characterise the kinetics of Ostwald ripening of quartz, we conducted four series of experiments in systems consisting of quartz, with an initial grain size of ƹ.3 to 6 µm, in equilibrium with hydrous silicic liquids. Two series were performed with a haplogranitic liquid containing 6.5 wt% H₂O at 900 °C and 1 GPa. The third series was made in the quartz-anorthite system at water saturation, 900 °C, and 1 GPa. The last series was made in the quartz-albite system at water saturation, 800 °C, and 0.2 GPa. In all series, we observed a relatively small but systematic increase of the mean grain size of quartz, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d , with increasing run duration, t. The largest increase was in the quartz-anorthite system: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d increased by a factor of 4.3 after 326 h; the smallest increase was measured in the quartz-albite system: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d increased by a factor of only ƹ.6 after 1,173 h. The experimental data yield very good linear fits in both ln t vs ln% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d and ln t vs % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d diagrams. The slopes in the ln t vs ln% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d diagrams, between 1/5 and 1/7, are, however, much smaller than the value of 1/3 predicted by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the diffusion-controlled regime in our experiments is only attained after a transient regime lasting from 20 h in series III to 100 h in series IV. A more straightforward explanation of the experimental results is that the rate-limiting mechanism for Ostwald ripening is quartz growth by surface nucleation not diffusion in the silicic liquid. Finally, we extrapolated our data to geological time scales to evaluate the importance of Ostwald ripening in natural quartz-bearing magmatic systems: (1) quartz cannot coarsen measurably by Ostwald ripening over reasonable time scales if the initial grain size is ƹ mm or more; and (2) Ostwald ripening may be very active at the end of nucleation events and result in the consumption of a significant proportion of crystalline nuclei.     

工程地质空间多场耦合构模技术研究

现有的三维地质模拟技术没有考虑地质空间几何结构场与属性参数场之间的耦合关系,从而限制了计算机模拟结果的真实性和实用性。工程地质空间多场耦合构模问题已成为制约三维地质模拟技术深入发展应用的瓶颈。在综合国内外研究现状与发展趋势的基础上,提出了工程地质空间多场耦合构模的总体研究框架和基本工作流程,给出了研究过程中所遇到的主要科学问题的解决思路或实现方案,并通过实例说明地质体多场耦合模型在三维地质建模及可视化系统中初步实现后的效果。这些研究成果为建立一套完整的地质体多场耦合构模理论体系和方法体系奠定了基础,有助于推动工程地质数字化建模分析技术的深入应用。     

TitaniQ under pressure: the effect of pressure and temperature on the solubility of Ti in quartz

Quartz and rutile were synthesized from silica-saturated aqueous fluids between 5 and 20 kbar and from 700 to 940°C in a piston-cylinder apparatus to explore the potential pressure effect on Ti solubility in quartz. A systematic decrease in Ti-in-quartz solubility occurs between 5 and 20 kbar. Titanium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements demonstrate that Ti⁴⁺ substitutes for Si⁴⁺ on fourfold tetrahedral sites in quartz at all conditions studied. Molecular dynamic simulations support XANES measurements and demonstrate that Ti incorporation onto fourfold sites is favored over interstitial solubility mechanisms. To account for the P–T dependence of Ti-in-quartz solubility, a least-squares method was used to fit Ti concentrations in quartz from all experiments to the simple expression

Experimental growth of quartz in petroleum environment. Part I: Procedures and Fluid Trapping

The quartz-water-oil-gas system has been experimentally studied with the objective of investigating the trapping of petroleum and aqueous inclusions in quartz at different water/oil (W/O) ratios (0/100, 5/95, 10/90, 20/80, 50/50, 100/0). Experiments were carried out in both a gas-pressure autoclave (GPA) under CH₄ pressure control, up to 250°C and 212 bar, and in a fluid-pressure autoclave (FPA) up to 350°C and 400 bar. High p-T conditions have notably allowed the growth of quartz at high oil saturation levels (W/O ratios from 10/90 to 50/50). Petroleum inclusions have been synthesised inside quartz microfractures (W/O ratios from 0/100 to 50/50; 209-350°C; 175-400 bar), and also inside quartz overgrowths (W/O ratios from 10/90 to 50/50; 289-350°C; 350-400 bar). Aqueous inclusions have been synthesised in presence of oil inside quartz microfractures from 185°C-163 bar up to 400°C-400 bar, and inside quartz overgrowth from 277°C-330 bar. Synthesised petroleum inclusions are representative of the parent oil up to 250°C. At 350°C, evidence of a cracking process has been observed with the consequent formation of methane. The segregation of the oil/gas/water column inside the GPA autoclave may also have prevented methane diffusion into the water phase when oil is present. This experimental approach shows that the trapping of fluid inclusions and the formation of quartz cement, under conditions of high oil saturation, have not been suppressed or prevented.     

Experimental investigation of silt formation by static breakage processes: the effect of temperature, moisture and salt on quartz dune sand and granitic regolith

ABSTRACT Weathering simulations carried out using a climatic cabinet have demonstrated that diurnal temperature and humidity variations typical of those occurring in warm desert environments are ineffective in causing static breakage of quartz dune sand and polymineralic regolith sand grains. Wetting and drying combined with temperature variations was also found to be a relatively ineffective weathering process. These results suggest that 'crack tip' processes are insignificant where mineral grains are not subject to static loading. Sodium sulphate weathering was found to cause slight damage to quartz dune sand grains and major damage to first cycle regolith grains. Feldspars and mica in the regolith sands were more susceptible to salt action than quartz. Salt weathering of the regolith sands produced substantial quantities of silt in the size range typically found in natural loess deposits.     

The equilibration of high-angle grain boundaries in dynamically recrystallized quartz: the effect of crystallography and temperature

Dynamically recrystallized and sutured quartz grains from metamorphic rocks with different strain intensities and temperature conditions ranging from ca. 350°C to ca. 700°C have been studied. Universal-stage measurements on quartz–quartz high-angle grain boundaries show that they are never curved but always consist of straight segments which preferentially occupy specific crystallographic orientations in relation to both neighboring crystals. With increasing temperature the segments preferentially concentrate in a decreasing number of orientations, mainly near the rhombohedral {101̄1} planes. The crystallographic data and the observations on grain boundary geometries suggest that: (i) grain boundary orientations are strongly crystallographically controlled, (ii) this control is the main factor on the textural equilibration of quartz–quartz grain boundaries in metamorphic rocks, and (iii) grain boundaries from dynamically recrystallized quartz should be regarded as annealed and equilibrated fabrics that are stable against subsequent annealing as long as the material is not re-deformed.     

石英砂岩力学特性及各向异性试验研究

为研究不同应力条件下层理对高孔隙率岩石材料破坏模式、弹性模量以及强度的影响,针对各向异性的石英砂岩,采用静水预压缩–增大轴向应力的加载方式,进行了多组带有不同层理角度试样的三轴试验。试验结果表明,不同应力条件下各向异性的石英砂岩试样表现出不同的变形破坏特征,以30 MPa围压为界,低围压范围内破坏模式为剪切型破坏,在该范围内随着围压增大破坏面由倾斜转向水平,并受到试样层理角度不同程度的影响,高围压范围内受到层理的影响分为剪切屈服和体积屈服两种破坏模式;随着围压的增大,新闭合的孔隙裂纹数目减少,各向异性对弹性模量的影响呈现降低趋势,弹性模量增长速率降低,弹性模量在层理分布角度?=60°时都会出现下降的现象;不同层理分布试样的强度曲线呈U型,围压在0~20 MPa范围内试样?=30°强度最低,围压在30~60 MPa范围内强度最低试样转化到?=45°附近;不同层理角度石英砂岩的强度特征系数随着围压的增大而逐渐减小,围压大于30 MPa后该系数逐渐趋于稳定。     

Assemblages among tephroite,pyroxmangite, rhodochrosite,quartz: Experimental data and occurrences in the Rhetic Alps

Reactions involving the phases quartz-rhodochrosite-tephroite-pyroxmangite-fluid have been studied experimentally in the system MnO-SiO₂-CO₂-H₂O at a pressure of 2 000 bars and resulted in the following expressions 1 $$\begin{gathered} {\text{Rhodochrosite + Quartz = Pyroxmangite + CO}}_2 \hfill \\ {\text{ log}}_{{\text{10}}} K^{{\text{2000 bars}}} = - \frac{{11.765}}{T} + 18.618. \hfill \\ {\text{Rhodochrosite + Pyroxmangite = Tephroite + CO}}_2 \hfill \\ {\text{ log}}_{{\text{10}}} K^{{\text{2000 bars}}} = - \frac{{7.083}}{T} + 11.870. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ which can be used to derive data for the remaining two reactions among the phases under consideration. Field data from the Alps are in agreement with the metamorphic sequence resulting from the experiments.     

Experimental study on the shear characteristics of quartz sand exposed to high temperatures

Acta Geotechnica - We have investigated the evolution of the shear characteristics of quartz sand subjected to high temperatures present in long-runout landslides. Quartz sand samples were...     

胶东寺庄金矿床成因:流体包裹体与石英溶解度证据

寺庄金矿床位于胶北地体西北缘,招远-莱州金矿区焦家金矿带南段。矿体赋存于焦家主断裂寺庄段下盘的玲珑花岗岩中,以蚀变岩型矿石为主,石英脉型矿石为次。成矿流体可分为石英-钾长石(成矿前)和石英-黄铁矿-金(主成矿期)两个主要阶段。流体包裹体测温结果表明,主成矿期石英中流体包裹体均一温度为133~310℃,盐度为0%~12%NaC leqv,成矿流体属于中低温、中低盐度的H2O-CO2-NaC l体系。根据氢、氧同位素测试结果并结合前人数据发现,石英δ18O石英值变化于9.7‰~14.2‰,δDH-2O变化于77.7‰~-55.0‰,经计算获得的石英包裹体的δ18OH‰2O值落在-0.5‰~6.1之间,因此推测寺庄金矿床成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合,且主要为岩浆水,演化到后期可能有部分大气降水参与。硫同位素研究表明,寺庄金矿床与矿带中段的焦家和新城金矿床具有类似的硫同位素组成,其黄铁矿的δ34S值为7.5‰~9.4‰。这一范围与玲珑花岗岩和胶东群变质岩的硫同位素组成相近,可能暗示寺庄金矿床成矿物质来自中生代花岗岩。利用最新提出的适用于H2O-CO2-NaC l三元混合流体的石英溶解度模型,计算发现寺庄金矿床成矿流体中石英溶解度为0.015mol/kg,这与胶东地质事实相符。成矿期热液中的SiO 2含量极低,其对热液物理化学条件的改变极为敏感。随着成矿流体演化到后期可能有部分大气降水的加入,或是流体迁移至容矿构造压力下降导致的沸腾作用使得成矿流体温度下降,造成SiO 2的大量沉淀,改变了残余流体中Au-S络合物的稳定保存条件,进而发生大规模的金矿化事件。这可能是寺庄乃至整个胶西北金矿都发育有强烈的硅化蚀变带以及石英脉型矿体的一个主要原因。