基于瑞典条分法数值解的边坡蒙特卡罗可靠性分析

本文基于瑞典条分法数值解的基本思想,建立了蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)边坡可靠性分析计算模型,对云南省香格里拉县冷都复杂斜坡体前缘滑动体的稳定性进行了分析,计算结果表明该复杂斜坡体在目前状况下具有较高的稳定系数和可靠度,在降雨和地震作用下稳定性差,需要采取工程措施进行加固。     

碎石土滑坡的因素敏感性计算分析

通过资料搜集整理和分析、现场工程地质调查与勘探和室内外的物理力学试验,采用弹塑性接触有限元强度折减法、不平衡推力法和数理统计分析法,结合工程实例,分析了影响碎石土滑坡各因素的敏感性,结果表明,按因素敏感度从大到小排列,主要影响碎石土滑坡稳定性的因素依次为滑面岩土体内摩擦角、地形坡度、滑体饱水面积比和滑面岩土体的内聚力。地形坡度大、具有低内摩擦角滑面的碎石土滑坡的整体稳定性较差,而连续降雨、强降雨会抬高地下水位增大滑体饱水面积比,降低滑面带岩土体抗剪强度,增加下滑力,对碎石土滑坡的稳定性将产生最不利的影响。同时,在对碎石土滑坡进行加固处理时,必须优先考虑采取提高滑面等效内摩擦角、降低地形坡度结合降低地下水位措施,其次考虑采取提高滑面岩土体内聚力的措施。     

大型滑坡堆积体稳定性的三维数值分析

古水水电站争岗特大型滑坡堆积体方量高达4 750×104 m3,存在多处厚度超过50 m的超深层滑坡。稳定性直接关系到大坝的建设与运营。工程地质勘测、2008年降雨产生的变形资料表明,该滑坡体是一个多期次复合型滑坡,主要由基岩、滑带土和松散堆积物组成,地表已出现大量拉张和剪切裂缝,天然工况下整体处于沿贯通底滑面发生蠕滑变形的状态,各种工况下均存在滑塌的可能性,必须进行开挖加固治理。针对二维平面方法无法考虑计算断面的侧向约束和底滑面在空间上的曲率效应,运用三维极限平衡方法和大变形拉格朗日有限差分法,根据实际地质信息建立了多个三维计算模型,通过对治理前后滑坡体应力、变形、塑性区和安全系数变化对比分析,定性、定量对其稳定性进行了评价,并引入有限元点和面安全系数法对加固后稳定性进行了校核。结果真实反映了滑坡体的稳定性现状与规律,与现场勘查成果相吻合。开挖加固后,滑坡体局部和整体稳定性均有显著提高,结合排水措施,将更有利于保持其稳定性。研究成果可为类似工程问题提供有意义的参考。     

Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: the Quesnel Forks landslide

A landslide located on the Quesnel River in British Columbia, Canada is used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of a multi-geophysical approach to subsurface mapping of unstable slopes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), direct current (DC) resistivity and seismic reflection and refraction surveys were conducted over the landslide and adjacent terrain. Geophysical data were interpreted based on stratigraphic and geomorphologic observations, including the use of digital terrain models (DTMs), and then integrated into a 3-dimensional model. GPR surveys yielded high-resolution data that were correlated with stratigraphic units to a maximum depth of 25 m. DC electrical resistivity offered limited data on specific units but was effective for resolving stratigraphic relationships between units to a maximum depth of 40 m. Seismic surveys were primarily used to obtain unit boundaries up to a depth of >80 m. Surfaces of rupture and separation were successfully identified by GPR and DC electrical resistivity techniques.     

呷爬滑坡稳定性的FLAC-3D数值模拟分析

先介绍了呷爬滑坡的概况,然后,分析其成因机制。在此基础之上,利用FLAC-3D软件对在天然状态和蓄水条件下滑坡的稳定性进行了数值模拟研究。通过建立数值计算模型和选取合理的计算参数,模拟出系统不平衡力演化过程曲线图。对其成果图进行了综合分析,为在天然状态和蓄水条件下滑坡的稳定性做出评价,为治理滑坡提供了必要的理论依据。     

黄岗滑坡稳定性评价及数值分析

根据对黄岗滑坡的分析,其属于蠕滑-拉裂型滑坡。本文阐述了滑坡的基本特征,并研究分析了滑坡的成因机制及演化过程;在成因机制分析基础上,采用极限平衡法对该滑坡天然状态及暴雨情况下的稳定性进行了计算和评价;另外,还采用有限元数值分析软件Midas对滑坡进行数值模拟,并对数值模拟成果和传统计算的结果进行对比分析,为滑坡治理设计提供了重要的依据。     

Dynamic process analysis of the Xinmo landslide via seismic signal and numerical simulation

Landslides - On 24 June 2017, a rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The displaced materials traveled approximately 2.6 km and...     

基于二阶功准则的岩质滑坡准静态-动态转化数值分析

地质不连续带的破坏往往对岩质边坡的失稳起控制性作用。二阶功破坏准则可以分析除振颤失稳外的所有材料失稳问题,因此,利用该准则分析了岩体不连续带的材料失稳破坏问题。首先从数学上解释了使用二阶功分析二维地质不连续带的优势;而后将二阶功破坏准则引入FLAC有限差分计算软件,并根据相关监测数据对南芬铁矿岩质滑坡进行了二维数值分析。滑坡是一个准静态到动态的转化过程,动能的突然爆发标志着准静态-动态转化的发生。二阶功和二阶动能之间存在直接关系,据此关系估算出的南芬铁矿岩质边坡动能演化曲线可以证明二阶功对岩土材料失稳破坏判别的有效性。     

基于影响因素分布模型的滑坡稳定性敏感分析

提出了基于影响因素分布模型的滑坡稳定性敏感分析方法,该法用于分析影响因素在整个定义域内对滑坡稳定性的敏感程度,以滑坡影响因素为子序列,以其稳定性系数为目标序列,根据子序列的累积分布函数求影响因素区间概率函数,与目标序列差值乘积加和得到敏感性综合决策值。以三峡库区奉节县太山庙滑坡为例,经类比统计得到滑带土抗剪强度参数的分布函数,通过经验分析得到地震水平加速度和库水位变化的分布函数,应用该法计算得到影响因素中对滑坡稳定性最敏感的因素。以内摩擦角为例,分析了影响因素方差与滑坡稳定性敏感分析结果的关系。     

Entropy-based particle swarm optimization with clustering analysis on landslide susceptibility mapping

Generation of landslide susceptibility maps is important for engineering geologists and geomorphologists. The goal of this study is to generate a reliable susceptibility map based on digital elevation modeling and remote sensing data through clustering technique. This study focused on the landslide problems on a vast area located at Shei Pa National Park, Miao Li, Taiwan. Two stages of analysis were used to extract the dominant attributes and thresholds: (1) calculate the entropy with regard to the measure of influenced variables to the occurrence of landslide and (2) use the clustering analysis K-means with particle swarm optimization (KPSO) to resolve the difficulties in creating landslide susceptibility maps. The knowledge scope with regard to core factors and thresholds are solved. The self-organization map (SOM) is used as a parallel study for comparison. The overall accuracy of the susceptibility map is 86 and 77 % for KPSO and SOM, respectively. Then, the susceptibility maps are drawn and verifications made. The generation of a susceptibility map is useful for decision makers and managers to handle the landslide risk area.     

管道穿越滑坡下静力学与数值模拟对比分析

以管道横穿一滑坡工程实例为背景,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立管道横穿滑坡的力学数值模拟模型,采用FLAC3D软件对管道受力变形进行模拟研究,并采用静力学解析计算的方法,对管道变形受力状态进行分析研究,获得了管道临界破坏时管道的应变及应力和滑坡位移等特征。两种分析方法结果基本一致,结果均表明：管道横穿滑坡时,管道两端最易发生破坏。滑坡体管道正中部位变形最大,两侧变形变小,挠度变形曲线表现为正态分布;管道两端应力最大,中部正弯两侧负弯,和两端固定简支梁承受均布荷载弯矩形态一致。在静力学分析的基础上进行数值模拟分析对管道地质灾害的预测预警更准确。     

滑坡灾害预测分区的计算机制图

本文在滑坡灾害预测分区的信息模型基础上,重点讨论了灾害预测的计算机制图化的主要过程:因素的数值化,单元边界的确定和彩色图件的绘制。运用中国地质大学计算机系开发的Mapcad系统,在Mv/10000计算机上较好地处理了不规则图幅边界的自然裁剪,不规则单元的输入,以及彩色图件的绘制等问题。     

黄土滑坡微型桩抗滑作用现场试验与数值模拟

通过现场大型模拟试验和数值(FLAC3D)模拟,研究了黄土滑坡中微型桩滑坡推力及桩后土体抗力分布规律。综合试验结果及数值分析认为:滑坡推力在微型桩上的分布形式可近似认为为三角形,推力在滑面处达到最大值;滑坡推力在五排桩上的分配系数为:0.279,0.195,0.189,0.161,0.176;桩后土体抗力与滑坡推力变化趋势相对应,在滑面附近达到最大值;根据实测值绘出微型桩P-y曲线,并拟合出相应公式,其成果可为微型桩变形破坏机理分析提供基础资料,为微型桩设计提供参考。     

某滑坡蓄水后的三维稳定性数值分析

通过有限差分软件FLAC3D对滑坡进行了三维稳定性计算和分析,采用强度折减法计算出蓄水边坡的安全系数.计算结果表明:该滑坡在蓄水条件下,整体仍处于稳定状态,只是在相对较陡的滑坡体前缘和库水位淹没区,蓄水后可能会产生小规模失稳.边坡采用强度折减法计算的安全系数为1.20.     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using bivariate statistical analysis in Devrek (Zonguldak-Turkey)

Devrek town with increasing population is located in a hillslope area where some landslides exist. Therefore, landslide susceptibility map of the area is required. The purpose of this study was to generate a landslide susceptibility map using a bivariate statistical index and evaluate and compare the results of the statistical analysis conducted with three different approaches in seed cell concept resulting in different data sets in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based landslide susceptibility mapping applied to the Devrek region. The data sets are created from the seed cells of (a) crowns and flanks, (b) only crowns, and (c) only flanks of the landslides by using ten different causative parameters of the study area. To increase the data dependency of the analysis, all parameter maps are classified into equal frequency classes based directly on the percentile divisions of each corresponding seed cell data set. The resultant maps of the landslide susceptibility analysis indicate that all data sets produce fairly acceptable results. In each data set analysis, elevation, lithology, slope, aspect, and drainage density parameters are found to be the most contributing factors in landslide occurrences. The results of the three data sets are compared using Seed Cell Area Indexes (SCAI). This comparison shows that the crown data set produces the most accurate and successful landslide susceptibility map of the study area.     

重庆市云阳向阳果园滑坡机制分析及治理方案建议

向阳果园滑坡为一特大型老滑坡,近年来复活滑动。经稳定性验算,老滑坡坡体处于基本稳定-潜在不稳定状态。新滑坡坡体前缘河谷冲刷切割强烈,常有局部崩塌产生,近期滑体有明显的变形破坏迹象,且正向不稳定方向发展,在多种工况下处于潜在不稳定-不稳定状态。一旦滑坡发生将损毁公路,阻断交通,毁坏坡体上民房建筑及耕地、果园,且危及双梅小学师生的生命安全及财产。文章在论述了其滑动机制、稳定性分析的基础上,提出其治理方案建议。     

张家沟滑坡治理工程及数值模拟

以青川张家沟滑坡为例,结合其工程地质条件和变形破坏特征,详细分析了其变形破坏原因和稳定性,提出了相应的治理工程措施,并运用FLAC^3D软件对滑坡治理前后进行数值模拟。结果表明：滑坡的形态特征、岩土体松散的结构特征是滑坡失稳的先决条件,而降雨引起的地质环境的改变是滑坡失稳的诱发因素,桩板墙+截排水工程为主的治理措施有效地控制了滑坡的进一步变形,确保了滑坡的稳定,数值模拟结果与滑坡的实际变形和治理效果相吻合。     

Probabilistic constraints on structural lineament best fit plane precision obtained through numerical analysis

Understanding the orientation distribution of structural discontinuities using the limited information afforded by their trace in outcrop has considerable application, with such analysis often providing the basis for geological modelling. However, eigen analysis of 3D structural lineaments mapped at decimetre to regional scales indicates that discontinuity best fit plane estimates from such datasets tend to be unreliable. Here, the relationship between digitised lineament vertex geometry (coplanarity/collinearity) and the reliability of their estimated best fitting plane is investigated using Monte Carlo experiments. Lineaments are modelled as the intersection curve between two orthonormally oriented fractional Brownian surfaces representing the outcrop and discontinuity plane. Commensurate to increasing lineament vertex collinearity (K), systematic decay in estimated pole vector precision is observed from these experiments. Pole vector distributions are circumferentially constrained around the axis of rotation set by the end nodes of the synthetic lineaments, reducing the rotational degrees of freedom of the vertex set from three to one. Vectors on the unit circle formed perpendicular to this arbitrary axis of rotation conform to von Mises (circular normal) distributions tending towards uniform at extreme values of K. This latter observation suggests that whilst intrinsically unreliable, confidence limits can be placed upon orientation estimates from 3D structural lineaments digitised from remotely sensed data. A probabilistic framework is introduced which draws upon the statistical constraints obtained from our experiments to provide robust best fit plane estimates from digitised 3D structural lineaments.