阿司匹林的合成条件研究

以水杨酸和醋酐为原料经O-酰化反应合成阿司匹林，比较了三氯化铝、三氯化铋和无水碳酸钠三种不同催化剂以及反应条件对合成的影响，找到了最佳催化剂和最佳反应务件，即以三氯化铝为催化剂，其用量为水杨酸的2％，水杨酸与醋酐的摩尔比为1：2，反应时间为30min，回流温度为85℃左右，阿司匹林产率可迭72．6％。实验表明该催化剂催化效果好．不污染环境，是一种环境友好的催化剂。同时，本法简单、快速、经济、无污染，产品质量好，适于工业化生产。     

对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯合成的研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂，研究了对羟基苯甲酸和异丙醇合成对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯的工艺条件。对影响产率的因素进行了探讨：实验表明，在以7％的浓硫酸为催化剂，反应温度为120℃，醇酸摩尔比为4：1，反应时间为5h的最佳条件下，合成了羟基苯甲酸异丙脂，通过多次重结晶的方法纯化产品，产率可达85．5％，并通过熔点仪、红外光谱等手段对产品加以表征，验证了产品具有较高的纯度。该法简单、快速、产率高、纯度好，具有较高的实用价值。     

杂多酸催化合成醋酸丁酯的研究

本文研究了以磷钼杂多酸为催化剂，以无水氯化钙为吸水剂催化合成醋酸丁酯，并探讨了酸反应条件。结果表明，磷钼杂多酸具有较高的催化活性和选择性，在最佳条件下，酯产率可达９６％，产品质量符合国标要求，该方法操作简便，条件容易控制，无污染。     

固载杂多酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯

以富马酸与甲醇为原料，固载杂多酸PW12／C为催化剂合成了富马酸二甲酯。详细探讨了影响酯化反应的各种因素，得出了富马酸与甲醇反应的最佳条件，即m（催化剂）∶m（富马酸）8∶100，n（富马酸）∶n（甲醇）＝1∶8，回流搅拌反应3h。在该条件下，酯化产率为91.6%。结果表明，此法催化剂用量少，催化活性高，反应时间短，酯收率高，反应工艺简单。     

天然金红石光催化降解藏红T实验研究

以低压汞灯为光源研究了天然金红石悬浆体系中藏红T的脱色条件及其光催化反应动力学，讨论了溶液初始pH值、催化剂投入量、光强、气流量、催化剂粒径、反应气氛等实验条件对藏红T脱色速率的影响，阐述了实验过程中无机离子的生成情况。结果表明，该反应基本上符合一级反应动力学；在酸性条件下尤其是当溶液初始pH值为2．5时，藏红T的脱色速率要比在碱性和中性条件下快得多；增加光强度能较大地提高反应的降解速率；催化剂最佳投入量为1．3g／L；在氧化气氛下该反应比在非氧化气氛快得多；通入气体的流量在40L／h最合适；反应溶液中有氯离子溶出说明有机物中的含氯部分被降解。本研究为光催化作用降解有机污染物提供了新的途径。     

复合固体超强酸催化合成醋酸正丁酯的研究

研究了以复合型固体超强酸为催化剂率合成醋酸正丁酯,探讨了酯化反应条件和催化剂的制作工艺对酯产生率的影响,实验结果表明,复合型固体超强酸（ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）具有较高的催化活性和选择性,在最佳工艺条件下醌产率可达９６％,产品质量符合国标要求,该工艺操作简便,条件易控制,对环境无污染。     

层柱粘土及其在催化反应中的应用

层柱粘土是一类新型催化剂材料。它是微孔的固体，结构类似二维分子筛，分布有适合于很多有机反应所需要的催化剂酸性和孔，其层间距大于沸石分子筛的孔径，有利于较大反应物分子的反应，在层柱粘土催化剂作用下，一些催化反应显示出择形选择性。本论述了层柱粘土在有机反应中的应用及其一些示例。规则间层结构的粘土矿物兼有云母的稳定性和膨润土的可膨胀性，是制备稳定性好的层柱粘土的原材料。手性试剂改性的钛层柱粘土可用于不对称氧化反应，为高选择性的新型层柱粘土催化剂的研制提供了有意义的启示。     

氮配位的磁性高分子复合微球P（GMA—MMA—AA）／Fe3O4负载钯催化水相Suzuki反应的研究

以可控自由基聚合技术制备的磁性高分子复合微球P（GMA—MMA．AA）／Fe3O4为载体,三乙烯四胺为配体制备了一种新型的负载型钯催化剂。采用透射电镜、振动样品磁强计、x射线光电子能谱仪和x射线衍射分析仪等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并评价了催化剂对水相Suzuki反应的催化活性。结果表明,催化剂的平均粒径为800nm左右,钯在载体表面呈高度分散状态,整个催化剂呈超顺磁性。该催化剂在空气氛围中就能较好的催化水相中芳基卤代物与苯硼酸的Suzuki反应,较高产率且立体选择性地生成取代的联苯产物,反应过程中催化剂可稳定分散于反应体系中,并可在外磁场作用下快速与从体系分离。催化剂重复使用5次后,仍具有较高的活性。     

Fe/Ag催化臭氧氧化降解苯酚的研究

为研究双金属催化剂去除有机污染物的效果,采用自制Fe/Ag催化剂对模拟苯酚废水进行了臭氧催化氧化处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂类型、催化剂投加量和溶液初始pH值对降解效果的影响规律。结果表明:与Fe相比,Fe/Ag比表面积减少了22.8%,在Fe/Ag/O₃与含苯酚废水的反应体系中,反应遵循臭氧直接作用和活性自由基(·OH、·O₂、H₂O₂)共同作用的机理;Fe/Ag在反应过程中体现出良好的协同作用;300 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在pH=6.3、Fe/Ag投加量为1.00 g的最优反应条件下经60 min反应,苯酚与化学需氧量(COD)去除率比单独臭氧氧化分别提高了18.4%和29.4%。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

研究了以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、以无水氯化钙为吸水剂,催化合成乙酸异戊酯的新方法,探讨了酯化反应的条件。结果表明,对甲苯磺酸具有较高的催化活性,在最佳条件下,酯产率可达９４％以上,产品质量符合要求。本方法操作简便、反应时间短、反应条件易控制、无污染。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861