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1.
Spectrum characteristics of geoelectric field variation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spectrum characteristics of geoelectric diurnal variation and geoelectric storm have been identified by maximum entropy method, based on geoelectric data from seven stations in the Chinese mainland, including Jiayuguan, Changli and Chongming. The study shows that, in geoelectric diurnal variation, the amplitude of the 12 h semidiurnal wave is the largest, followed in turn by the 24~25 h diurnal wave and the 8 h periodic wave; Geoelectric storm usually occurs in a large-scale space, whose spectrum values are higher than those of geoelectric diurnal variation by 2~3 orders of magnitude. A preliminary interpretation is presented for the generative mechanism of predominant waves in geoelectric field variation. 相似文献
2.
Study on the variation characteristics of the geoelectric field preceding earthquakes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Introduction Geoelectric field is one of the proper physical fields of the Earth. It is controlled by the vari-ous current systems originating outside of the Earth and the internal electrical structure of the Earth as well as the underground current origin. It carries a great amount of information coming from the Earths interior. At present, a lot of observations and studies about the geoelectric field have been made in the world. Many applications and studies of the geoelectric field in the… 相似文献
3.
Experimental study on three dimensional movements of particles Ⅱ Effects of particle diameter on turbulence characteristics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Based on the 3D PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) measuring system, the 3D movement characteristics of particles with four different diameters were investigated. Under specific flow conditions, the impact of particle diameters on 3D motion of particles was studied, and the turbulence characteristics were analyzed by different statistical methods. The results showed that the turbulence intensity of coarse particle decreased as the diameter increased. In near wall region, the probability density distributions of longitudinal and vertical fluctuation velocities both deviated from the normal distribution; while in the outer region, the probability density distribution of vertical fluctuation velocity approximately agreed with the normal distribution. 相似文献
4.
Long-lived basaltic eruptions often produce structurally complex, compound `a`ā flow fields. Here we reconstruct the development
of a compound flow field emplaced during the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy). Following an initial phase of cooling-limited
advance, the reactivation of stationary flows by superposition of new units caused significant channel drainage. Later, blockages
in the channel and effusion rate variations resulted in breaching events that produced two new major flow branches. We also
examined small-scale, late-stage ‘squeeze-up’ extrusions that were widespread in the flow field. We classified these as ‘flows’,
‘tumuli’ or ‘spines’ on the basis of their morphology, which depended on the rheology, extrusion rate and cooling history
of the lava. Squeeze-up flows were produced when the lava was fluid enough to drain away from the source bocca, but fragmented
to produce blade-like features that differed markedly from `a`ā clinker. As activity waned, increased cooling and degassing
led to lava arriving at boccas with a higher yield strength. In many cases this was unable to flow after extrusion, and laterally
extensive, near-vertical sheets of lava developed. These are considered to be exogenous forms of tumuli. In the highest yield
strength cases, near-solid lava was extruded from the flow core as a result of ramping, forming spines. The morphology and
location of the squeeze-ups provides insight into the flow rheology at the time of their formation. Because they represent
the final stages of activity of the flow, they may also help to refine estimates of the most advanced rheological states in
which lava can be considered to flow. Our observations suggest that real-time monitoring of compound flow field evolution
may allow complex processes such as channel breaching and bocca formation to be forecast. In addition, documenting the occurrence
and morphology of squeeze-ups may allow us to determine whether there is any risk of a stalled flow front being reactivated.
This will therefore enhance our ability to track and assess hazard posed by lava flow emplacement. 相似文献
5.
Anewinvestigationondriftofbase┐linevalueingeomagneticobservationDONG-MEIYANG(杨冬梅)YU-FENGAO(高玉芬)YONG-FENZHAO(赵永芬)WEI-BEIHUANG... 相似文献
6.
Chen Yang You-Kuan Zhang Xiuyu Liang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(7):2009-2017
Effects of temporally correlated infiltration on water flow in an unsaturated–saturated system were investigated. Both white noise and exponentially correlated infiltration processes were considered. The moment equations of the pressure head (ψ) were solved numerically to obtain the variance and autocorrelation functions of ψ at 14 observation points. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to verify the numerical results and to estimate the power spectrum of ψ (S ψψ ). It was found that as the water flows through the system, the variance of the ψ (\( \sigma_{\psi }^{2} \)) were damped by the system: the deeper in the system, the smaller the \( \sigma_{\psi }^{2} \), and the larger the correlation timescale of the infiltration process (λ I ), the larger the \( \sigma_{\psi }^{2} \). The unsaturated–saturated system gradually filters out the short-term fluctuations of ψ and the damping effect is most significant in the upper part of the system. The fluctuations of ψ is non-stationary at early time and becomes stationary as time progresses: the larger the value of λ I , the longer the non-stationary period. The correlation timescale of the ψ (λ ψ ) increases with depth and approaches a constant value at depth: the larger the value of λ I , the larger the value of λ ψ . The results of the estimated S ψψ is consistent with those of the variance and autocorrelation function. 相似文献
7.
Random field characteristics of earthquake occurrence and test of earthquake occurrence rate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高孟潭 《地震学报(英文版)》1994,(Z1)
RandomfieldcharacteristicsofearthquakeoccurrenceandtestofearthquakeoccurrencerateMeng-TanGAO(高孟潭)(InstituteofGeophysics,State... 相似文献
8.
Introduction With rapid development of national economy, urbanization has been speeded up in China, and several city groups or city belts with extra-large cities as their centers have been formed. For example, Pearl River Delta urbanized area surrounds Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City, Zhuhai City; Yangtze River Delta urbanized area surrounds Shanghai City, Suzhou City, Wuxi City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City; Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urbanized area surrounds Beijing City, Tianjin City… 相似文献
9.
Geometrical textures of faults,evolution of physical field and instability characteristics 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Geometricaltexturesoffaults,evolutionofphysicalfieldandinstabilitycharacteristicsJINMA(马瑾),SHENG-LIMA(马胜利),LI-QIANGLIU(刘力强),Z... 相似文献
10.
Edward Johnson 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1):327-329
Abstract MASS LOSS AND EVOLUTION OF O-TYPE STARS. I.A.U. Symposium No. 83. Edited by P. S. Conti and C. W. H. de Loore. Reidel, Dordrecht. (ISBN 90-277-0989-0 pbk) 1979. Price U.S. $31.50. A MATHEMATICAL INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS by A. J. Chorin &; J. E. Marsden, 205 pages, paperback, Springer Verlag. (ISBN 0-387-90406-9 and ISBN 3-540-90406-9) 1979. Price: DM 29—US $16.00. 相似文献
11.
For magnetotelluric sounding (MT), many processing methods based on power spectrum have put forwardlots of hypotheses, such as MT signals are Gaussian, linear and minimum-phase. If practical signals do not satisfythese requirements, the results will have a few problems as follows. Firstly, when signals are non-linear andnon-Gaussian, the information of the earth contained in the MT signals cannot be sufficiently extracted; Secondly,when signals are non-Gaussian and non-minimum phase, the p… 相似文献
12.
ZHANG KeCun QU JianJun ZU RuiPing & FANG HaiYan Key Laboratory of Desert Desertification Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):247-253
Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over Gobi and mobile sand surface have been investigated experimentally in the wind tunnel. The primary goal of this paper is to reveal the relation- ship between pulsatory characteristics of instantaneous wind speed in sand flow and the motion state of sand grains. For a given underlying surface, pulsation of wind velocities in sand flow on different heights has a good correlation. As the space distance among different heights increases, fluctuation of instantaneous wind speed presents a decreasing trend and its amplitude is closely related to the mo- tion state of sand grains and their transport. Pulsatory intensity increases with the indicated wind speed, but its relative value does not depend on it, only agrees with height. 相似文献
13.
Shale gas has been discovered in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China. Due to the weak tectonic activities in which the shale plays, core observations indicate abundant random non-tectonic micro- fractures in the producing shales. The non-tectonic micro-fractures are different from tectonic fractures and are characterized by being irregular, curved, discontinuous, and randomly distributed. The role of micro-fractures in hydraulic fracturing for shale gas development is currently poorly understood yet potentially critical. Two-dimensional computational modeling studies have been used in an initial attempt toward understanding how naturally random fractured reservoirs respond during hydraulic fracturing. The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of random non-tectonic fractures on hydraulic fracturing. The numerical models with random non-tectonic micro-fractures are built by extracting the fractures of rock blocks after repeated heating and cooling, using a digital image process. Simulations were conducted as a function of: (1) the in-situ stress ratio; (2) internal friction angle of random fractures; (3) cohesion of random fractures; (4) operational variables such as injection rate; and (5) variable injection rate technology. A sensitivity study reveals a number of interesting observations resulting from these parameters on the shear stimulation in a natural fracture system. Three types of fracturing networks were observed from the studied simulations, and the results also show that variable injection rate technology is most promising for producing complex fracturing networks. This work strongly links the production technology and geomechanical evaluation. It can aid in the understanding and optimization of hydraulic fracturing simulations in naturally random fractured reservoirs. 相似文献
14.
SunWeibin QiuWeiting HeZhanxiang 《应用地球物理》2003,6(1):41-45
Vibratory excitation generates not only reflections and refractions of wave fields on the subsurface interfaces but also electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. In this paper we address the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field. The effects of controllable vibration on the spontaneous potential field were studied under real field geologic conditions. Experimental data confirmed that the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field do exist under field conditions. Monitoring records over a long time interval showed that there existed three information zones in the vibration-induced effects on spontaneous potential field:These are the signal-variant zone, the extreme-stable zone and the relaxation-recovery zone. Combined with different well-site data, it was concluded that the time-variant features of the anomalies in the information zones was closely related to the properties of the subsurface liquid (oil and water). 相似文献
15.
Using an approximately analytical formation, we extend the steady state model of the pure methane hydrate system to include the salinity based on the dynamic model of the methane hydrate system. The top and bottom boundaries of the methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) and the actual methane hy-drate zone (MHZ), and the top of free gas occurrence are determined by using numerical methods and the new steady state model developed in this paper. Numerical results show that the MHZ thickness becomes thinner with increasing the salinity, and the stability is lowered and the base of the MHSZ is shifted toward the seafloor in the presence of salts. As a result, the thickness of actual hydrate occur-rence becomes thinner compared with that of the pure water case. On the other hand, since lower solubility reduces the amount of gas needed to form methane hydrate, the existence of salts in sea-water can actually promote methane gas hydrate formation in the hydrate stability zone. Numerical modeling also demonstrates that for the salt-water case the presence of methane within the field of methane hydrate stability is not sufficient to ensure the occurrence of gas hydrate, which can only form when the methane concentration dissolved in solution with salts exceeds the local methane solubility in salt water and if the methane flux exceeds a critical value corresponding to the rate of diffusive methane transport. In order to maintain gas hydrate or to form methane gas hydrate in marine sedi-ments, a persistent supplied methane probably from biogenic or thermogenic processes, is required to overcome losses due to diffusion and advection. 相似文献
16.
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are unique tools for underwater industrial exploration and scientific research of offshore areas and the deep ocean. With broadening application of ROVs, the study of factors that affect their safe operation is important. Besides the technical skills to control ROV movement, the dynamical ocean environment may also play a vital role in the safe operation of ROVs. In this paper, we investigate the influence of large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs), focusing on the forces exerted on ROVs by ISWs. We present a methodology for modeling ISW-induced currents based on KdV model and calculate the ISW forces using the Morrison equation. Our results show that an extremely considerable load is exerted by the ISW on the ROV, resulting in a strong disturbance of the vehicle’s stability, affecting the ROV control. The numerical results of this work emphasize the importance of considering dynamical conditions when operating underwater vessels, such as ROV. Further laboratory and field investigation are suggested to gain more understanding of this subject. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents problems caused by organic material transported by flowing water. This material is usually referred to as plant debris or organic debris. Its composition depends on the characteristic of the watercourse. For lowland rivers, the share of the so-called small organic matter in plant debris is considerable. This includes both various parts of water plants and floodplain vegetation (leaves, stems, blades of grass, twigs, etc.). During floods, larger woody debris poses a significant risk to bridges or other water engineering structures. It may cause river jams and may lead to damming of the flowing water. This, in turn, affects flood safety and increases flood risk in river valleys, both directly and indirectly. The importance of fine plant debris for the phenomenon being studied comes down to the hydrodynamic aspect (plant elements carried by water end up on trees and shrubs, increase hydraulic flow resistance and contribute to the nature of flow through vegetated areas changed from micro-to macro-structural). The key part of the research problem under analysis was to determine qualitative and quantitative debris parameters and to establish the relationship between the type of debris and the type of land use of river valleys (crop fields, meadows and forested river sections). Another problem was to identify parameters of plant debris for various flow conditions (e.g. for low, medium and flood flows). The research also included an analysis of the materials deposited on the structure of shrubs under flood flow conditions during the 2010 flood on the Warta River. 相似文献
18.
The long-time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on short-term and
imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction.
The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may be
a kind of reliable information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors. On such a basis, the 20 years’ continuous
and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation
between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200
km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written
form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy
of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant
prospect that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short-term
and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes
by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is
pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near
earthquakes before greater earthquakes (M
S≥5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2–4 stations every 10 000 km2) is deployed and further investigation is made.
Contribution No. 97A0040, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China.
This subject is sponsored by Program No. 95-04-05-01-04, State Seismological Bureau, China. 相似文献
19.
Introduction There are two kinds of methods for the mathematic study on electro-magnetic induction in geo-field: one is analytic method, such as integral equation method; the other is numerical model-ing method, such as finite difference method and finite element method. The analytic method can only be applied to the conductor with very simple shape, such as sphere, circular cylinder, etc. With the increasing of computing speed and popularity of computer, the numerical modeling methods are use… 相似文献
20.
Distribution characteristics of terrestrial heat flow density in Jiyang depression of Shengli Oilfield, East China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
GONG Yuling WANG Liangshu LIU Shaowen LI Cheng HAN Yongbing LI Hua LIU Bo & CAI Jingong . Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China . Department of Exploration Information Technology of East China Institute of Technology Fuzhou China . Earth Science Institution of Shengli Oilfield Dongying China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)
Terrestrialheatflowdensityistheamountofheatperunitareatransferringfromtheearthinteriortosurface,whichisanexteriorcharacteristicofthethermalandgeodynamicprocessesoccurringindeepmantle[1].Heatflow,asthemostdirectmannerofthermalprocessindeepearthandembodyingabundantinformationofgeology,geophysicsandgeodynamics,isasyntheticallythermalindexandplaysaveryimportantroleinstudyingnotonlytheactivityofcrust,thermalstructureofcrustanduppermantle,aswellasrheologicalstructureoflithosphere,butalsotheevaluation… 相似文献