Wave pattern induced by a moving atmospheric pressure disturbance

A moving low atmospheric pressure is a main feature of tropical cyclones, which can induce a system of forced water waves and is an important factor that cause water level rise during a storm. A numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations is applied to study the forced waves caused by an atmospheric pressure disturbance moving with a constant velocity over water surface. The effects of the moving speed, the spatial scale and the central pressure drop of the pressure disturbance are discussed. The results show that the wave pattern caused by a moving low-pressure is highly related with its moving speed. The wave pattern undergoes a great change as the moving speed approaches the wave velocity in shallow water. When the moving speed is less than the wave velocity, the distribution of water surface elevation is nearly the same as that of the pressure disturbance, and the maximum of the water surface elevation is located at the center of pressure. When the moving speed is larger than the wave velocity, a triangle shaped wave pattern is formed with a depression occurs in front of the pressure center, and the maximum of the water surface elevation lags behind the center of pressure. As the moving speed increases, the maximum of the water surface elevation firstly increases and then decreases, which reaches a peak when the moving speed is close to the wave velocity. The maximum of water surface elevation is approximately in proportion to the central pressure drop, and slightly affected by the spatial scale of pressure disturbance. Both the central pressure drop and the spatial scale of the pressure disturbance do not significantly affect the forced wave pattern. However, a clear difference can be noticed on the ratio of the maximum water surface elevation in moving pressure situation to that in static situation, when the moving speed is close to the wave velocity. A pressure disturbance with smaller spatial scale and smaller central pressure drop will give a larger ratio when the moving speed is close to the wave velocity.     

台风移速突变的诊断预报方法

用１９８０—１９８６年２０时欧洲中心的１０００，８５０，７００，５００，３００，２００及１００ｈＰａ共７层的网格点资料，利用台风移速方程，挑选了进入南海的２６个台风个例，计算了１２，２４，３６及４８ｈ的台风移速及移向，同时也计算了实际台风前后１２，２４，３６及４８ｈ移速和移向，计算出不同时刻的台风实际的移速差△Ｖ及移向基面△θ．分析表明：计算的不同时刻的台风移速整差△Ｖ与台风实际的移速差△Ｖ的符号相同的概括率是比较高的，结果是比较理想的，有一定的实际预报意义．     

运动坐标系下的海浪数值模拟

以运动坐标系中的海浪谱为靶谱应用静止坐标系中随机波面的模拟方法─—线性叠加法和线性过滤法模拟匀速运动坐标系中的随机波面,给出了两种方法的原理及模拟手续。通过模拟实验发现,在高速运动的坐标系中线性叠加法优于线性过滤法,在低速情形,线性过滤法好于线性叠加法,并在模拟技术上给出了各参数的选取方法。     

Numerical study of pollutant transport in the sea-bay with mild slope beach

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缓坡潮间带海湾的污染物输移扩散数值模拟方法研究

采用在缓坡上设置窄缝的方法,处理由于水位变动而导致计算域相应变化的动边界问题,提出了具有动边界功能的二维对流扩散模型的一种新形式,并将污染源作为移动源处理.所提出的方法已应用到渤海湾污染物迁移扩散模拟中,计算结果与实测值吻合良好.     

Statistical characteristics of long waves nearshore

The random long wave runup on a beach of constant slope is studied in the framework of the rigorous solutions of the nonlinear shallow water theory. These solutions are used for calculation of the statistical characteristics of the vertical displacement of the moving shoreline and its horizontal velocity. It is shown that probability characteristics of the runup heights and extreme values of the shoreline velocity coincide in the linear and nonlinear theory. If the incident wave is represented by a narrow-band Gaussian process, the runup height is described by a Rayleigh distribution. The significant runup height can also be found within the linear theory of long wave shoaling and runup. Wave nonlinearity nearshore does not affect the Gaussian probability distribution of the velocity of the moving shoreline. However the vertical displacement of the moving shoreline becomes non-Gaussian due to the wave nonlinearity. Its statistical moments are calculated analytically. It is shown that the mean water level increases (setup), the skewness is always positive and kurtosis is positive for weak amplitude waves and negative for strongly nonlinear waves. The probability of the wave breaking is also calculated and conditions of validity of the analytical theory are discussed. The spectral and statistical characteristics of the moving shoreline are studied in detail. It is shown that the probability of coastal floods grows with an increase in the nonlinearity. Randomness of the wave field nearshore leads to an increase in the wave spectrum width.     

Numerical study of sand scour with a modified Eulerian model based on incipient motion theory

Application of the standard Eulerian model to simulations of sand scour results in unrealistic phenomena. Therefore, the present work develops a modified Eulerian model based on sand incipient motion theory. The modified model is applied for simulating a two-dimensional single vertical jet and a moving planar jet. The simulation results generally demonstrate fairly good agreement with published results of scour profiles and the velocity contours of the water and sand phases. In addition, equations to describe self-similar scour profiles for the moving planar jet cases are given. The results demonstrate that the modified model efficiently and accurately simulates the two-dimensional sand scour produced by jets, particularly for the moving jet cases.     

Response of a thin plate resting on a fluid-layer to a moving point load

This paper is concerned with the vibrations of a thin plate resting on a fluid-layer subjected to a moving point force. The frequency is assumed to be low and the fluid is deep. Both the fluid and the point force are always in contact with the plate. Hankel Transform and complex integration techniques are used to calculate the lateral displacements withrespect to a moving coordinate system and a coordinate transformation is used to achieve the results with respect to a fixed point. Numerical results are discussed with respect to the velocity of the moving force, its direction of movement and the fluid depth.     

高炮、火箭人工增雨效果统计检验方案设计中的几个问题讨论

基于理想化的人工增雨概念模型,分析了地面增雨作业效果检验试验区设计的基本特征,以及作业轮次、云系移动速度、催化云系对试验区中雨量点的覆盖率等因素对效果评估的影响,主要结果为：1）云系移动速度应该作为目标云选取的一个重要指标,它直接影响试验区的长度和作业点的布局,对效果评估也有很大的影响,不同移动速度的目标云系将人工增加的降水分散到不同的区域,增加了效果评估的难度。2）存在一段最短时间的雨量资料可以用于效果评估,它由试验区长度、作业时间和目标云移动速度共同决定。3）分别给出了作业时间与用于效果统计的雨量时间之比、催化云系对试验区雨量点的覆盖率影响相对增雨率的计算公式,据此定量分析了以色列Ⅰ随机试验资料,结果表明要评估出一定的相对增雨率,需要人工催化云系具有较大的增雨量,即较为显著地改变自然降水。     

Dynamic Analysis of A Pontoon-Separated Floating Bridge Subjected to A Moving Load

1 .Introduction Since the most significant feature of a movingloadisits mobility,the interaction betweenthe ve-hicle and bridge is very complicated,which can be classified as a coupled vibration problem.There-fore ,much attention has been paid to the dyna…     

PSO-BP网络算法在运动要素解算中的应用

为了改善被测目标运动要素计算精度,提出了采用 PSO-BP 神经网络算法作为运动要素解算的方程。 该算法将粒子群算法作为 BP 神经网络的学习算法,提高 BP 网络的全局收敛性和收敛速度,将观测到的运动目标参数作为 PSO-BP 神经网络的输入,并将运动目标的方位作为主要输出量,将运动目标的方位值与误差期望值进行比较并作为 PSO 的输入修改 BP 网络权值,进而得到高精度 BP 神经网络。 对该算法进行仿真计算,结果表明:基于该算法的运动目标运动要素解算,尤其是运动方位的解算器精度可以达到 0. 128°,提高了运动要素解算的精度和速度。     

Unsteady ship waves in shallow water of varying depth based on Green–Naghdi equation

Based on Green–Naghdi equation this work studies unsteady ship waves in shallow water of varying depth. A moving ship is regarded as a moving pressure disturbance on free surface. The moving pressure is incorporated into the Green–Naghdi equation to formulate forcing of ship waves in shallow water. The frequency dispersion term of the Green–Naghdi equation accounts for the effects of finite water depth on ship waves. A wave equation model and the finite element method (WE/FEM) are adopted to solve the Green–Naghdi equation. The numerical examples of a Series 60 (C_B=0.6) ship moving in shallow water are presented. Three-dimensional ship wave profiles and wave resistance are given when the ship moves in shallow water with a bed bump (or a trench). The numerical results indicate that the wave resistance increases first, then decreases, and finally returns to normal value as the ship passes a bed bump. A comparison between the numerical results predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations is made. It is found that the wave resistance predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation is larger than that predicted by the shallow water equations in subcritical flow , and the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations predict almost the same wave resistance when , the frequency dispersion can be neglected in supercritical flows.     

不同路径台风作用下长江下游沿线风暴增水分布研究

长江口受台风影响严重,台风风暴潮、上游洪峰及天文大潮相遇将致使长江下游至长江口水位暴涨,对沿岸至河口的防汛安全构成严重威胁。基于ADCIRC模型构建东中国海至长江口风暴潮数学模型,模拟9711号台风和0012号台风两场典型台风水位过程。以典型台风为基础构成多种台风路径,分析不同登陆位置和走向对长江沿线风暴增水影响。研究大洪水、不同路径台风、天文大潮共同影响下长江下游沿线风暴增水分布规律。结果表明:登陆位置处于长江口南侧情况下长江河道沿线增水大于正面登陆长江口和北侧登陆型台风;平行于长江河道方向移动的台风造成沿线增水大于斜向穿越长江口的台风,不同台风走向对于风暴增水影响程度小于登陆位置;台风风暴潮、上游洪峰及天文大潮“三碰头”情形下长江沿线增水分布呈单峰型,从大通至江阴不断增大,江阴至中浚维持高位,中浚至口外迅速减小。     

台风移速突变的诊断分析及路径预报

本文利用台风移动方程对作用在台风上的各力进行了诊断分析：主要力是气压梯度力和地转偏向力，二者同量级，其他各力约小１－３个量级；当台风加速移动时，气压梯度力小于地转编向力；减速移动时，气压梯度力大于地转偏向力。用预报方程计算得到的台风路径与实际台风路径在趋势上近于一致，预报误差约为２００ｋｍ。     

Generation of baroclinic wave signatures by moving atmospheric fronts

The paper addresses the plane linear problem on generation of an internal wave in a continuously stratified ocean by a moving atmospheric front. The front exhibits air pressure perturbations, as well as the field of tangential wind stress. In the frame of a model for the planetary atmospheric boundary layer, a relationship between the air pressure and wind fields has been derived, generalizing Ackerbloom's formulae for the case of a moving atmospheric anomaly. Using the Fourier transform, a relation has been obtained for the wave's signature in the wake of a moving atmospheric perturbation, and the respective analysis has been performed. Numerical estimates of the internal wave amplitudes have been acquired for the mean density stratification in the Kuril-Kamchatka region. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of wave signature generation by the moving areas of surface pressures and tangential wind stresses has been carried out. It has been demonstrated that the latter field determines the effectiveness of baroclinic wave signature generation. Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

双星移动目标监控系统的设计与实现

简要介绍了北斗卫星导航定位系统的定位原理和特点。根据北斗卫星导航定位系统的特点设计了一套基于北斗卫星导航定位的双星移动目标监控系统,并详细分析了系统的功能、特点及应用前景。     

Wave resistance of a hovercraft moving in water with nonrigid bottom

Surface waves generated by a moving ship in water of finite depth are affected by the rheological properties of the movable bottom. The aim of this work is to evaluate the wave resistance exerted on a hovercraft modeled as a two-dimensional pressure distribution moving on the free surface of water with nonrigid bottom. Analysis of three-dimensional flows in two-fluid layers of finite depths is performed by assuming an inviscid upper layer (water) and a viscous lower layer (nonrigid bottom). Numerical calculations show that the maximum wave resistance occurs in the vicinity of the critical Froude number F=1. This maximum value decreases as the muddy bottom becomes less rigid.     

台风"桃芝"北上加强原因浅析

2001年8号台风“桃芝”,登陆填塞后又重新发展加强,并在北移中给山东半岛带来特大暴雨。本文通过分析认为,低值系统同位相叠加和冷空气侵入是台风重新发展加强的主要成因;而冷槽“逆转”和副热带高压从日本向朝鲜半岛发展,导致我国东部径向环流加强,南风急流加大,则是台风北移的主要原因。     

Sloshing in a three-dimensional rectangular tank: Numerical simulation and experimental validation

Pressure variations and three-dimensional effects on liquid sloshing loads in a moving partially filled rectangular tank have been carried out numerically and experimentally. A numerical algorithm based on the volume of fluid (VOF) technique is used to study the non-linear behavior and damping characteristics of liquid sloshing. A moving coordinate system is used to include the non-linearity and avoid the complex boundary conditions of moving walls. The numerical model solves the complete Navier–Stokes equations in primitive variables by using of the finite difference approximations. In order to mitigate a series of discrete impacts, the signal computed is averaged over several time steps. In order to assess the accuracy of the method used, computations are compared with the experimental results. Several configurations of both baffled and unbaffled tanks are studied. Comparisons show good agreement for both impact and non- impact type slosh loads in the cases investigated.     

The effect of the earth's rotation on internal waves in the wake of a moving pressure area

Plane waves generated in a continuously stratified ocean by a steadily moving surface pressure area are studied in a linear statement with the earth's rotation taken into account. General properties of the wave process are examined. Qualitative estimates of internal wave parameters in the internal wave wake are derived for model density stratification with an isolated density gradient.Translated by V. Puchkin.