湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床方解石稀土元素地球化学

湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床中热液成因方解石的∑REE较低,LREE相对富集.根据野外观察和室内分析,该区方解石分为两期成矿早期方解石具有明显的Eu正异常,弱Ce负异常,REE配分模式与矿区花岗岩及交代岩相似,且REE从花岗岩及各种交代岩到早期方解石呈连续变化趋势;而成矿晚期方解石具明显的Eu负异常和Ce负异常,其稀土配分模式与矿区自云岩相似.结合其它研究表明,REE在成矿溶液中主要以氟络合物形式迁移,成矿早期的方解石可能源于岩浆热液,成矿流体的源区具有较高的温度和氧逸度,方解石沉淀场所相对于源区具有较低的温度,而晚期方解石可能为区内碳酸盐岩重结晶的产物.     

粤北长江铀矿田成矿过程中稀土元素地球化学特征

对粤北长江铀矿田赋矿花岗岩、蚀变花岗岩、铀矿石、沥青铀矿、黄铁矿、方解石和萤石开展了系统的REE,U与Th的地球化学研究,结果显示各类样品表现出类似的LREE相对富集、HREE相对亏损和Eu负异常的地球化学特征,表明样品REE特征具有一定的继承性,继承了赋矿花岗岩的REE特征。成矿早期钠交代作用对花岗岩中REE迁移较小,但对U有预富集作用,成矿期热液蚀变对花岗岩中REE迁移较明显,尤其是HREE,而Th表现出相对稳定的特征。从成矿早期到晚期方解石ΣREE逐渐降低(ΣREE平均值由48.86×10~(-6)→43.52×10~(-6)→28.40×10~(-6)),Eu负异常趋于减弱(δEu均值由0.23→0.31→0.39),表明成矿流体向相对氧化环境演化。成矿热液中REE,U与Th活化、迁移具同步性和同时性。热液沸腾和去气作用是造成沥青铀矿、方解石和萤石相对富集HREE的原因。由成矿早期到成矿晚期,成矿热液向相对氧化的酸性流体演化。     

桂北摩天岭含铀花岗岩体岩石地球化学特征

本文按摩天岭含铀花岗岩体的花岗岩、弱蚀变花岗岩、钾交代花岗岩和硅质交代花岗岩4种岩石类型,探讨了岩石中的常量元素、大离子亲石元素(LILE)、高场强元素(HFSE)和稀土元素(REE)含量特征及相互间的关系。其中含铀钾交代花岗岩表现为强钾长石化、强绿泥石化和弱赤铁矿化,U含量与次生黑云母关系密切;含铀硅质交代花岗岩的U含量与微晶石英伴生的铁质有关。通过剖析不同类型岩石的地球化学特征,指出成矿流体的元素主要来自花岗岩,产铀岩石具明显的LLH特征;伴随铀矿化的增强,K/Ba、Rb/Sr值降低,而Ba/Rb值增高;含铀钾交代花岗岩和硅质交代花岗岩的HFSE和REE含量呈共轭消长和重稀土(HREE)相对富集的特征。提出伴随断裂开启多期成矿流体的叠加更有利于铀的富集,LLH特征,以及K/Ba、Rb/Sr值降低与Ba/Rb值增高可作为含铀花岗岩体的地球化学判别依据。     

滇西马厂箐钼铜金矿床中赋矿斑状花岗岩定年及其地质意义

马厂箐钼铜金多金属矿床是滇西地区金沙江-哀牢山构造带内与新生代富碱斑岩有关的典型矿床之一。根据赋矿斑状花岗岩中锆石的阴极发光图像、LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析和U-Pb定年以及辉钼矿Re-Os法测年研究等,结合前人研究成果,应用透岩浆流体成矿理论,进一步讨论了马厂箐矿床的成因机制。研究表明：该矿床的多金属成矿与赋矿斑状花岗岩的成岩基本同时,其成岩成矿过程统一受制于与该区大规模活动的新生代富碱岩浆和深部地壳重熔的花岗质岩浆同步运移的成矿流体作用。这种成矿流体是包含于岩浆并与其互不混溶的含矿地幔流体。但在上侵运移过程中,伴随岩浆的成岩作用,流体与岩浆发生不同程度分离,表现为：产于富碱斑状花岗岩体内,形成正岩浆成矿的斑岩型钼矿;产于岩体与围岩接触带,形成接触交代成矿的矽卡岩型铜（钼）矿;产于地层围岩中则形成构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿。在这一成岩成矿过程中,地幔流体可以运载和沿途活化成矿物质至适宜容矿部位集中,并随其对地壳岩石的交代蚀变以及深度和环境变化引起的物理化学条件变化,其流体属性由熔浆流体→超临界流体→热液流体转化,促使壳幔物质相互作用而叠加成矿,导致在不同部位形成不同矿种和不同类型的系列成矿效应。     

辽东硼矿床矿石的稀土元素特征及其地质意义

辽东硼矿床赋存于辽东古元古代的镁质火山-沉积地层中.矿石与含矿岩系具密切的交代继承关系：（1）矿石与含矿镁质岩石具交代继承的矿物组成、结构构造;（2）矿石的稀土元素特征主要受含矿岩系岩石的控制,在混合岩化弱的含矿岩系中,矿石的稀土元素特征与含矿镁质岩石相似,而在混合岩化强的含矿岩系中的矿石与混合岩的稀土元素特征相近;（3）辽东的硼矿床的形成是在混合岩作用过程中形成的含硼成矿流体交代镁质岩石的结果.     

剪切带流体与蚀变和金矿成矿作用

剪切带中流体与金矿中交代蚀变作用密切相关。剪切带中往往发育不同期次、不同类型的蚀变及交代蚀变岩 ,第二、三期交代蚀变岩的形成与金矿化关系密切。在含金断裂蚀变带中 ,由于剪切带流体的强烈交代作用 ,交代蚀变岩成为金矿的重要矿石类型。剪切带中的流体往往携带大量成矿物质而成为成矿流体 ,并在金矿形成过程中起着重要。在剪切带中 ,由于压力迅速降低 ,经常导致成矿流体发生沸腾作用 ,从而导致金矿的形成。成矿主要与脆性变形有关 ,韧性剪切变形向脆性剪切变形转变至关重要。从韧性剪切带向脆性剪切带转变的过程中 ,Au ,Ag ,Cu ,Pb发生大规模的活化迁移 ,并在较窄的脆性断裂中明显富集 ,形成矿体或矿化体。岩浆流体是剪切带成矿流体中最为重要的一种流体 ,许多金矿的成矿物质来源于岩浆流体     

中国镁质碳酸盐岩型温石棉矿床的成矿规律

镁质碳酸盐岩型温石棉矿床是成矿热液交代镁质碳酸盐岩生成的,一般均产于地台环境。按地台稳定性不同,成矿环境分为地台隆起区的基底建造类型和地台拗陷区的盖层建造类型。产于地台隆起区的矿床,以前震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。产于太古代及早、中元古代深变质结晶基底中的矿床,由区域变质及混合岩化过程中的变质热液交代碳酸盐岩成矿。产于晚元古代浅变质褶皱基底(扬子准地台)中的矿床,以岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液为成矿热液来源。产于地台拗陷区的矿床,均以震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。其成矿时期较晚,一般与拗陷区内岩浆活动同期,由岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液对镁质碳酸盐岩进行交代成矿。     

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床中白钨矿的稀土元素地球化学

对湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床进行了研究,结果表明,该矿床中自钨矿的稀土元素(REE)含量相对较高,为40.5～123.6 μg/g;且有明显的空间变化趋势,随矿区标高的增加而减少,这可能与流体运移过程中流体的REE浓度不断降低有关.不同产状的白钨矿均以轻稀土元素(LREE)亏损、中稀土元素(MREE)和重稀土元素(HREE)富集为特征;白钨矿样品的REE分布模式均存在着明显的M型四分组效应,暗示白钨矿的形成与流体作用或水/岩反应有关.进一步的研究表明,在沃溪白钨矿的沉淀过程中,成矿流体中的REE发生了明显分异,白钨矿对HREE,特别是MREE,具有明显的优先选择性;REE这种分配行为主要是受晶体化学因素的控制,与白钨矿晶体中Ca位置的大小密切相关,而与成矿流体中REE相对浓度、REE络合物的稳定性关系不大.     

南太行邯邢地区白涧矽卡岩型铁矿中磁铁矿与赤铁矿交代现象对矿床成因的启示

对邯邢地区白涧铁矿中磁铁矿与赤铁矿进行成因矿物学研究,精细刻画了铁的成矿过程。在岩相学观察过程中作者发现该矿床中存在2个期次的赤铁矿,其分别交代磁铁矿或被磁铁矿交代。根据磁铁矿和赤铁矿的交代关系,我们将赤铁矿划分为早、晚2个期次,并根据成矿流体的演化,将铁矿化过程划分为4个阶段。成矿流体从岩浆中分离并交代碳酸盐围岩形成矽卡岩,同时形成接触带矿(第1成矿期),随着接触带磁铁矿的形成,具有更高氧逸度的演化的流体沿着断裂带充填和交代碳酸盐地层形成早期赤铁矿(第2成矿期)。随着赤铁矿形成,氧逸度降低至磁铁矿-赤铁矿缓冲线之下,形成层间的磁铁矿(第3成矿期),SO42-转化成HS-,同时形成大量自由氧,导致成矿流体的氧逸度进一步升高,从而形成晚期赤铁矿(第4成矿期),伴随温度和氧逸度的进一步降低,成矿作用进入硫化物形成时期。整个成矿过程中氧逸度控制了成矿过程及其产物,对矽卡岩型铁矿的形成起到了主导作用。     

新疆奥米夏和田玉矿床成因及锆石LA-ICP-MS定年研究

新疆奥米夏和田玉矿床分布在西昆仑造山带中段,产于花岗岩与镁质大理岩之间,该玉矿规模大,开采历史悠久,然而其矿床成因和成矿年代缺乏研究。本文采用岩相学、全岩分析手段对该玉矿的成因进行了研究,利用玉石中的锆石LA-ICP-MS定年方法限定了玉矿的成矿时代。岩相学观察结果表明玉石多期次形成的现象较为明显;全岩稀土配分模式表明玉石稀土元素总量丰度低(∑REE平均值7. 228μg/g),Eu负异常(δEu=0. 58～0. 73),LREE下降,HREE平坦;和田玉中锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄显示该玉矿的成矿上限年龄介于411. 1±5. 3 Ma～489. 6±10. 5 Ma之间。综合分析认为,该玉矿为接触交代成因的镁质矽卡岩型和田玉矿床,玉石形成过程中经历了透闪石化、细粒化、重结晶等复杂的成矿过程,其形成时代与西昆仑地区其他玉矿一致,整体上可能形成于加里东晚期至海西早期。本研究有助于认识新疆西昆仑地区和田玉的形成机理,也可为西昆仑地区的地质研究提供新的基础数据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861