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河口滨海湿地是海岸带的重要组成部分,沉积速率高,伴随河流泥沙颗粒物进入海洋的有机质主要埋藏在河口及临近海区.通过对河口滨海湿地碳埋藏能力的研究,能够更全面地认识河口滨海湿地在全球碳循环中的作用,有效评估其对全球气候变化的影响.以青岛胶州湾大沽河口滨海湿地为研究对象,估算研究区自然湿地全新世碳埋藏能力.通过对3根岩心共计117个样品的粒度、有机碳/氮测试分析和统计,结合210Pb、137CS测年结果计算得出,研究区陆域沼泽湿地环境总碳沉积通量为102 gC/m2/a,其中有机碳沉积通量为84.8 gC/m2/a;滩涂湿地环境总碳沉积通量为93.5 gC/m2/a,其中有机碳沉积通量为69.9 gC/m2/a.估算现代大沽河口31 km2自然湿地范围内,平均年总碳埋藏量为2.96 GgC,有机碳埋藏量为2.27 GgC.根据研究区历史调查资料统计,大沽河口三角洲全新世沉积地层厚度为3~10 m,按平均厚度6 m估算,全新世以来河口湿地总碳埋藏量为66 GgC/km2,有机碳埋藏总量约为51 GgC/km2. 相似文献
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双台子河口水体有机碳分布特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2011年5月和8月通过研究双台子河口水体溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征,阐述双台子河口水体有机碳的河口过程及其影响因素,并探讨总有机碳(TOC)和COD表征河口有机污染的区域性和季节性特征。研究表明:2011年5月双台子河口DOC、POC和COD含量范围分别为4.04~5.06mg/L(平均4.60mg/L)、2.93~10.85mg/L(平均7.01mg/L)和5.65~14.07mg/L(平均9.04mg/L);8月分别为10.87~46.04mg/L(平均26.75mg/L)、0.88~17.27mg/L(平均4.16mg/L)和2.42~67.62mg/L(平均17.85mg/L)。DOC、POC和COD的含量由河到海总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势,双台子河口不同区段DOC、POC和COD的时空分布,及其主要和次要影响因素具有一定的差别。有机碳来源和海水的稀释作用是影响双台子河口有机碳分布的主要因素,现场生物生产和悬浮颗粒物影响较小。双台子河口水体中TOC和COD呈现线性不显著正相关关系,二者关系的季节差异显著。 相似文献
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黄河是全球输沙量最大的河流之一,陆源颗粒有机碳通量高。然而,近年来流域水库调控对黄河下游水文格局和颗粒有机碳输送产生了重要影响,小浪底水库调水调沙时期成为黄河水沙和有机碳入海的关键时段。为揭示水库调控对河口水动力和有机碳分布的影响机制,基于2020年7月调水期和调沙期黄河口的水动力观测结果,结合沉积物有机碳测试结果,研究了水库调控不同阶段下河口沉积物粒度参数和表层沉积物有机碳的时空分布。研究结果表明,水库不同阶段下悬浮颗粒物的物源和主要扩散、沉积区域的变化,使得黄河口表层沉积物的粒度组成特征发生明显变化;在高径流量的调水期期间,粗颗粒泥沙携带颗粒有机碳在河口距离口门12 km范围内大量埋藏,河口区域表层沉积物的有机碳含量相较于调沙期明显偏低。调水期黄河口陆源有机碳主要来自下游河床冲刷,颗粒较粗,调沙期则转变为水库释放的细颗粒有机碳和流域C3维管植物碎屑。水库调控的不同阶段使得黄河下游河流水动力格局和泥沙运输机制改变,从而引起黄河口沉积有机碳来源和分布的显著变化。因此,人类活动对调节有机碳向海洋的输送及其在近岸海域的分布具有主导性作用。 相似文献
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河口三角洲沉积地球化学是海洋沉积地球化学的重要组成部分.近年来,随着分析测试实验手段的不断改善和河口三角洲研究的不断潭入,河口三角洲沉积物微量元素、常量元素、沉积磷酸盐及有机地球化学等方面的研究已取得了一批突出的成果.本文主要介绍了黄河、长江、珠江及滦河三角洲的沉积地球化学研究成果. 相似文献
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河口是陆源污染物入海的主要通道,在全球气候快速变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,河流入海污染物通量急剧增加,导致河口、海湾及其周边海域水体污染、生态受损等严峻的环境问题发生。本文选取了受极端事件和人类活动影响显著的我国东南强潮型的九龙江河口,利用粪甾醇有机标志物手段开展河口环境粪类污染示踪研究,探讨九龙江河口区粪类污染物(“源”)进入河流后的入海行为(“到”),揭示粪类有机质在近河口海域时空分布特征及受控因素(“汇”)。研究发现,不同季节的河口径流过程和潮汐作用影响粪类有机污染物的时空分布,潮汐过程对中上游河口区水体环境中粪甾醇的赋存影响较大,呈现高潮低浓度而低潮高浓度的潮周期变化特征;河口区粪甾醇在陆-海输运过程的赋存特征还受控于最大浑浊带复杂的水体和沉积动力过程,对粪类有机污染物有一定的净化作用;研究还通过对比人为源贡献主导的氨氮等河流输入的营养盐说明粪甾醇在河口区的时空分布特征与人类活动密切相关。 相似文献
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基于水淘选分级的长江口最大浑浊带附近颗粒有机碳的来源、分布和保存 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
从分粒级的角度研究大河河口颗粒有机碳的输送特征是深刻理解河口淡咸水混合过程中有机碳的生物地球化学过程的关键。于2011年6月采集了长江口最大浑浊带附近盐度梯度下的表层悬浮颗粒物,采用水淘选方法对其按照水动力直径大小进行了分级分离,分析了这些颗粒物的有机碳含量、稳定碳同位素组成及颗粒物比表面积等参数,讨论了不同粒级颗粒物上有机碳的来源、分布和保存随盐度的变化特点及其影响因素。结果表明,随着盐度的增加和粒径的增大,长江口最大浑浊带附近分级颗粒有机碳逐渐降低,颗粒有机碳含量主要集中在小于32μm的粒级。相对于长江干流,长江口颗粒有机碳含量偏低,可能归因于河口最大浑浊带附近特殊的生物地球化学作用,如细颗粒物絮凝——沉降、微生物分解等。基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型的计算表明长江口分级颗粒有机碳主要来源于河流和三角洲输入,海洋来源贡献较小,三者的平均贡献比例分别为40%、35%和25%。在河口盐度梯度的淡水端,不同粒级颗粒物上三角洲来源的有机碳比例均随着盐度升高而增加,而在咸水端,海源有机碳的贡献比例升高,尤其是在16-32μm粒级,最高达39%。32-63μm粒级的颗粒物单位比表面积有机碳含量均大于1.0mg/m~2,小于32μm的颗粒物单位比表面积有机碳含量均在0.4-1.0mg/m~2的范围之内,符合河流颗粒物的一般特点,同时也说明细颗粒物上的有机碳可能已经发生了一定程度的分解,不过相对于长江口表层沉积物,颗粒物单位比表面积有机碳含量普遍较高,表明这些颗粒有机碳在沉降过程中或沉积之后还要经历进一步的再矿化分解,初步的估算表明,长江所输送的陆源有机碳约71%会在沉积过程中损失掉。本研究有助于深入了解大河河口不同粒级颗粒物在有机碳迁移转化过程中的作用,深化对高浊度河口有机碳生物地球化学过程的认识。 相似文献
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Olga Hadz̆ija Mladen Jurac̆ić Marija Luić Maja Tonković Biserka Jeric̆ević 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(5):701-709
The investigation of mineral, granulometric and chemical composition of sediments of the River Krka estuary (Yugoslavia) were performed in order to elucidate the origin of the sediments and the pattern of sedimentation. Estuarine surface sediments were found to be fine-grained with a bimodal distribution. Environmental conditions in estuarine sediments favour conservation of the organic matter (anoxic conditions). The carbohydrates in the sediments were investigated to determine whether they are of terrigenous or authigenous origin. Glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, glucosamine and glucuronic acid were detected in the sediments. Their mutual relationship indicates a preferentially terrigenous source of sedimented organic material in estuarine sediments. 相似文献
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Francisco Barros Vanessa Hatje Maria Betnia Figueiredo Wagner Ferreira Magalhes Haroldo Silveira Drea Elissandro Soares Emídio 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):753-762
The structure of the benthic macrofaunal assemblages of the estuarine portion of Paraguaçu River, NE, Brazil, and its relationship with surface sediment characteristics (trace metals, PAHs, nutrients and grain size) and physical variables were investigated at ten stations on two contrasting occasions, summer (dry season) and winter (rainy season). A total of 1258 individuals (632 in winter and 626 in summer) and 62 taxa representing polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalves, echinoderms, bryozoans, sponges, cnidarians and cephalochordates were collected. Benthic assemblages in the upper estuary were unlike those in the lower estuary and a clear substitution of benthic taxa along the estuary was observed. Macrofaunal invertebrates in the low salinity region, composed of coarse sediments, were dominated by tellinids, venerids (bivalves), cirolanids (isopods), cyclopoids (copepods), and nereidids (polychaetes). While the high salinity region, composed of fine sediments, were dominated by nuculids (bivalves), cirratulids (polychaetes), and by amphiurids (ophiuroids). The Paraguaçu estuarine system is not severely affected by anthropogenic activities. In the great majority of the study sites, concentrations of trace metals and PAHs in the sediments were near background values. Nutrients values were also low. We formulated new models of taxon distribution and suggested detailed studies on the effects of salinity variation and studies using functional approaches to better understand the processes causing the spatial patterns in tropical estuarine benthic assemblages. 相似文献
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To examine the source and preservation of organic matter in the shelf sediments of the East China Sea (ECS), we measured bulk
C/N and isotopes, organic biomarkers (n-alkanes and fatty acids) and compound-specific (fatty acids) stable carbon isotope ratios in three sediment cores collected
from two sites near the Changjiang Estuary and one in the ECS shelf. Contrasting chemical and isotopic compositions of organic
matter were observed between the estuarine and shelf sediments. The concentrations of total n-alkanes and fatty acids in the shelf surface sediments (0–2 cm) were 5–10 times higher than those in estuarine surface sediments
but they all decreased rapidly to comparable levels below the surface layer. The compositions of n-alkanes in the estuarine sediments were dominated by C26-C33 long-chain n-alkanes with a strong odd-to-even carbon number predominance. In contrast, the composition of n-alkanes in the shelf sediment was dominated by nC15 to nC22 compounds. Long-chain (>C20) fatty acids (terrestrial biomarkers) accounted for a significantly higher fraction in the estuarine sediments compared to
that in the shelf sediment, while short-chain (<C20) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the shelf surface sediments than in the estuarine sediments.
Stable carbon isotopic ratios of individual fatty acids showed a general positive shift from estuarine to shelf sediments,
consistent with the variations in bulk δ
13CTOCTOC. These contrasts between the estuarine and shelf sediments indicate that terrestrial organic matter was mainly deposited
within the Changjiang Estuary and inner shelf of ECS. Post-depositional diagenetic processes in the surface sediments rapidly
altered the chemical compositions and control the preservation of organic matter in the region. 相似文献
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为研究多环芳烃从河口到近海的环境归趋行为与生态风险,考察了沉积物质量浓度、溶解性有机质、温度、盐度4种典型环境因子对菲在黄河口沉积物上吸附的影响,比较了黄河口与近海两种沉积物对菲的吸附性能。研究结果表明,沉积物质量浓度越低,单位质量颗粒物的菲吸附量越高;共存的溶解性有机质对菲的吸附具有增促作用,且腐殖酸比黄腐酸的作用更显著;温度的升高不利于菲的吸附,而盐度的增加有利于菲的吸附。菲在沉积物上的吸附是分配作用与表面吸附两种行为的耦合,其中黄河口沉积物以表面吸附为主,而近海沉积物以分配作用为主。近海沉积物菲吸附量显著高于黄河口沉积物菲吸附量。基于此,菲从河口到近海的迁移过程中,更易于在沉积物表面发生吸附沉降,从而可能降低水相中的生态危害,但对近海底栖生物具有潜在的健康生态风险。 相似文献
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Ping Wang Mengchang HeChunye Lin Bin MenRuimin Liu Xiangchun QuanZhifeng Yang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The objective of this study was to investigate the phosphorus distribution in the estuarine sediments of the Daliao river, intensively affected by municipal effluent and agricultural activity for about 50 years. Surface sediment samples were taken at 35 sites in the estuarine area and phosphorus species and contents of total P, Al, Fe, and Ca in the sediments were measured. Results showed that the content of total P in the sediments ranged from 230 to 841 mg kg−1, with an average of 549 mg kg−1. Ca–bound P, residual P, Al–bound P, reductant–soluble P, Fe–bound P, and soluble and loosely bound P were averagely 44.5, 21.6, 13.6, 11.7, 8.9 and 0.2% of total P, respectively. With the gradual increase of total P content, Al–bound P, reductant–soluble P, and Fe–bound P generally increased, while the rest species of P did not. This might indicate that anthropogenic P is bound to Al and Fe oxides. Regression analysis showed that Al–bound P and sum of Fe–bound P and reductant–soluble P were correlated to the contents of total Al and Fe, respectively. On the other hand, Ca–bound P was not correlated to the content of total Ca in the sediment, probably suggesting that Ca–P was mainly from authigenic marine origin. Whereas the content of total P in the estuarine sediments of the Daliao river was within the range of total P content for Chinese and worldwide river estuaries as well as coastal sediments, non-calcium apatite phosphorus content in the estuarine sediments of the Daliao river was relatively higher, indicating higher release risk and bioavailability of P in the sediment. On the other hand, the molar ratio of total Fe to total P was 16–34 in the estuarine sediments of the Daliao river, suggesting that iron oxides/hydroxides in the sediments might be able to sequester more phosphorus. Therefore, the accumulation or release of P in/from the estuarine sediments might be dependent on the external loading of P and the estuarine eutrophication may be sustained by the internal bioavailable P pools following the decrease of the external P loading. 相似文献
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Julian Augley Mark Huxham Teresa F. Fernandes Alastair R. Lyndon Sarah Bury 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):648-656
The stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of the organic fraction of intertidal sediments in the Forth Estuary and the Firth of Forth, Scotland, were measured to determine if terrestrially derived carbon was present in the estuarine sediments. It was hypothesised that differences in the inputs from marine vs. terrestrial sources to the organic carbon of estuarine and marine sediments, as well as differences in ambient seawater stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) ratios between the estuary and the Outer Firth, would allow the use of these two stable isotopes as habitat markers for juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), to allow determination of nursery habitats. Muddy and sandy sediments from the estuary and sandy sediments from the Outer Firth were sampled and δ13C measured. Juvenile plaice were caught at two estuarine sites and at two Outer Firth sites and otoliths were removed for δ13C and δ18O analysis. The sandy sediments in the estuary showed a strong gradient of δ13C enrichment with distance down the estuary, while the muddy sediments showed a much shallower gradient. δ13C and δ18O measured in the carbonate of juvenile plaice otoliths showed no clear difference between otoliths of fish caught at one of the estuarine sites and at the two Outer Firth sites. However, the isotope ratios of both carbon and oxygen in plaice otoliths from the other estuarine site showed the expected trend of depletion in the heavier isotopes. While the measurements recorded here did not conclusively distinguish between otoliths from juveniles caught in the estuarine site and those caught in the other three sites, they show that stable isotopes have potential to distinguish between estuarine habitats with terrestrial carbon inputs, and coastal marine habitats with predominantly marine carbon inputs. 相似文献
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珠江磨刀门河口底质沉积特征及其泥沙运移趋势 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据珠江磨刀门河口的表层沉积物粒度分析结果,运用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析方法(GSTA模型),计算河口的沉积物净输运趋势,并分析河口底质沉积特征。结果表明:河口较粗的沉积物分布在交杯沙浅滩和拦门沙顶部,受波浪作用影响分选较好;磨刀门主槽、龙屎窟和口外海滨的沉积物则较细,以粉砂和粘土为主,分选稍差。沉积物在纵向和横向上都表现出细-粗-细的变化趋势。磨刀门主槽泥沙受强径流影响,具有向南的输运趋势;龙屎窟在涨潮流作用下,泥沙净向北输运;在西向沿岸流和东南向浪作用下,拦门沙东侧浅滩泥沙向西侧搬运,口外海滨的泥沙输运趋势则向北。 相似文献
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A grass shrimp bioassay was carried out on sediments from three estuarine stations which were different distances from a highway storm drain. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were 29, 1.5 and 0.1 μg/g sediment at stations A (next to drain), B (100 m from drain) and C (500 m from drain), respectively. Lower embryo production and embryo hatching rates and a higher level of DNA strand breaks (comet assay) were observed in grass shrimp exposed to stations A and B sediments. There appeared to be an association between reproduction abnormalities and increased DNA strand breaks as a result of grass shrimp exposure to estuarine sediments receiving highway runoff. 相似文献