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群体建筑物量大面广,为了简化群体建筑物震害预测的工作,采用类比预测法对群体建筑物震害进行了预测.从城市建筑中选取具有典型破坏特征的建筑物作为样本,通过建筑物结构类型、高度、建设年代、现状质量和用途作为震害影响因子进行震害类比预测.建立规划区内建筑物易损性矩阵.最后以宁德市为例,利用本文方法给出了宁德市建筑物的易损性矩阵... 相似文献
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在进行大规模城乡震害预测工作中, 需要使用与传统预测方式不同的新模型及新方法, 以便实现震害快速预测. 利用容易得到的人口统计数据中的人口及建筑抽样信息,通过建筑物分类,在已有的城市建筑震害基础上采用类比方法进行建筑物易损性分析,给出了人口数据及灾害损失的关系模型. 利用该模型建立福建省区域范围的建筑物不同结构平均易损性矩阵,按经济条件给出结构不同年代易损性矩阵调整系数,并建立地震灾害快速评估系统. 应用结果表明, 基于人口统计数据方法进行城乡区域尺度的地震震害评估模型, 具有投入少、 数据自动预测、定期更新且易于获取等优点. 相似文献
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通过对多层砖房的普查和抽样调查取得的原始资料,用多层砖房震害预测方法和软件进行易损性分析,给出重要房屋单体震害预测结果和群体房屋的易损性矩阵. 相似文献
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基于建筑物易损性分类的群体震害预测方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文以多层钢筋混凝土结构为例,根据收集到的震害预测单体样本对多层钢筋混凝土结构按年代、层数、用途进行归类分析,给出了不同分类下的多层钢筋混凝土结构的易损性矩阵。由房屋抗震性能普查资料统计出的不同分类建筑物的面积比例,与不同分类建筑物易损性矩阵进行加权平均,建立具体预测区的建筑物易损性矩阵。最后以西安市阎良区为例,利用本文方法给出了阎良区多层钢筋混凝土结构的易损性矩阵。并与传统的震害预测方法对比,证明该方法的可行性,以及较高的可靠性。该方法思路简洁,操作方便快捷,是震后快速评估的有效方法。 相似文献
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科学地预测城市建筑物震害易损性,以此来分析城市防灾的薄弱环节,是预防及减轻地震损失的关键步骤。惠州建筑物普查结果中,少数抽样建筑物有详细图纸,可以进行具体的震害计算,多数建筑物无详细图纸,尚无合适的精确计算模型。文中对有详细图纸的砖混建筑进行了震害指数计算,根据普查数据表识别并量化了震害影响指标,进而建立了样本库以及基于KPCA和GA_LSSVR的预测模型。在此基础上,对无详细图纸的砖混建筑进行了震害指数预测,得到了惠州区域砖混建筑物的震害易损性矩阵。该预测模型利用KPCA对建筑物震害影响因素进行特征提取,并用LSSVR来对建筑物震害指数进行回归预测,利用GA对LSSVR中的相关参数进行寻优,其可用性和有效性均在文中有所验证。 相似文献
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基于地震动参数的建筑物震害预测 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
针对目前我国流行的基于地震烈度的震害预测方法中的不足,本文借助美国广泛使用的地震损失评估软件HAZUS99技术手册中房屋易损性评估方法的表达形式,结合我国的震害经验,提出了一套基于地震动参数的群体建筑物震害预测方法。依据易损性矩阵,采用遗传算法与单纯形法相结合的混合算法反演典型结构的抗力曲线和易损性曲线的参数。给定表示地震作用的需求谱,就可以方便地完成典型结构的震害预测。以两个地区的多层砌体房屋为例,说明了本文提出方法的具体步骤,诊证了可靠性。 相似文献
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Introduction The estimation of damage probability distribution among different damage states of rein-forced concrete buildings is a key component of earthquake loss estimation for modern city or a group of cities. With the development of city, the reinforced concrete buildings are major compo-nent parts of modern cities. Vulnerability estimates for these kinds of buildings are of importance to those responsible for civil protection, relief, and emergency services to enable adequate contin-genc… 相似文献
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Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Following several damaging earthquakes in China,research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete(RC) building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings.The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(CCSDB) has evolved over time,however,there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings.Thus,to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code,three low-,mid-and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model(PSDM).The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.Finally,the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy,significant damage,and collapse prevention damage levels.Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level. 相似文献
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一种适于震后快速评估的群体易损性分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了一种适用于震后快速评估的群体易损性分析方法,将模糊数学中的熵权法确定权重和相似理论引入到群体易损性分析中,可快速准确地评估出群体建筑物的震害情况。本方法不需要详细调查城市所有房屋的结构力学参数,所采用的影响结构抗震能力的主要因素从房屋普查资料中即可获得,可作为将来震后快速评估系统的重要组成部分。同时,本方法还可以得到群体易损性曲线,可应用于预测城市震害、估计城市的综合抗震能力。本文以城镇中量大、面广的砌体结构为例,详细介绍了该方法的研究过程。最后,用算例证明了本方法的准确性和实用性。 相似文献
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In a related study developed by the authors, building fragility is represented by intensity‐specific distributions of damage exceedance probability of various damage states. The contribution of the latter has been demonstrated in the context of loss estimation of building portfolios, where it is shown that the proposed concept of conditional fragility functions provides the link between seismic intensity and the uncertainty in damage exceedance probabilities. In the present study, this methodology is extended to the definition of building vulnerability, whereby vulnerability functions are characterized by hazard‐consistent distributions of damage ratio per level of primary seismic intensity parameter—Sa(T1). The latter is further included in a loss assessment framework, in which the impact of variability and spatial correlation of damage ratio in the probabilistic evaluation of seismic loss is accounted for, using test‐bed portfolios of 2, 5, and 8‐story precode reinforced concrete buildings located in the district of Lisbon, Portugal. This methodology is evaluated in comparison with current state‐of‐the‐art methods of vulnerability and loss calculation, highlighting the discrepancies that can arise in loss estimates when the variability and spatial distributions of damage ratio, influenced by ground motion properties other than the considered primary intensity measure, are not taken into account. 相似文献
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
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After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work. 相似文献