京西羊屎沟地区红柱石成因矿物学研究

采用偏光显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱分析和X射线荧光光谱等手段对北京西山羊屎沟地区红柱石矿物学特征以及成因进行相关分析。研究发现,该区红柱石主要呈4种矿物组合存在于含矿岩石中:(1)红柱石组合;(2)黑云母-红柱石组合;(3)白云母/绢云母-红柱石组合;(4)石榴子石-红柱石组合,表明岩石变质程度由低到高变化。红柱石横截面发育"X"型裂理和环带状显微变形构造,反映了红柱石的结晶形成是与构造变形同期进行的。该区红柱石形成是房山岩体侵入过程中,富硅的碱性流体侵入泥质围岩发生物质交换和反应形成的,形成温度在500~550℃之间,压力<500MPa。     

新疆西天山高压变质带的变质矿物与变质作用演化

新疆西天山高压变质带主要由石榴石，角闪石，绿辉石，多硅白云母，钠云母，绿帘石，绿泥石，钠长石，石英，榍石和金红石等组成，石榴石主要含铁铝榴石组份，角闪石有蓝闪石，亚铁蓝闪石，青铝闪石，冻蓝闪石等类型，变质矿物组合显示高压变质带经历了由硬柱石蓝片岩相，榴辉岩相，绿帘蓝片岩相至绿片岩相的变质作用演化进程。     

抚顺煤田接触热变质带及其煤变质因素分析

通过对抚顺煤田西露天矿的大比便尺填图以及横向追索,发现大量的接触热变质“烧变煤”的存在,观察到接触热变质带与辉绿岩呈明显的热接触关系。在此基础上,结合岩浆岩研究指出抚顺煤田煤变质为一种具有浅成、高温,作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的产物。     

新疆艾维尔沟煤变质作用研究

新疆艾维尔沟矿区是侏罗纪天山褶皱带中的一个小型山间含煤盆地。多项煤变质指标的分析结果表明:该区煤级在横向上分带明显,垂向上煤级突变,煤岩组份中出现热变显微组份,煤晶核指标(La/Lc)大于1,矿区广泛发育热液石英脉和方解石脉,煤层围岩也具有中低温热液蚀变现象。所有这些特征都充分表明,艾维尔沟的煤变质属区域热变质类型。推测其附加热源位于该煤盆地西部,地下水热液的对流为主要热传导方式。矿区及其外围的构造、地层结构、地势、水文等条件均有利于地下水热液循环。     

接触变质带煤的研究方法和焦化特征

闪长玢岩顺层侵入煤层使煤层广泛接触变质。用煤岩定量方法,鉴定统计煤焦混杂样中天然焦、焦化煤、正常煤三类颗粒含量,以此作出煤(分)层的利用评价。同时指出,接触变质带可分为5个带;正常煤带、裂隙带、熔融气泡带、镶嵌结构带、岩焦混合带。     

蔓箐沟一带石榴基性麻粒岩变质反应与矿物演化

蔓箐沟地区石榴基性麻粒岩发育多期变质反应结构。矿物组合演化可划分三个阶段：①峰期阶段（Ｍ１）,以包裹于石榴石中的Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ和由Ｇｔ＋Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ组成基质矿物组合为代表;②退变早期近等温减压阶段（Ｍ２）,形成蠕虫状后成合晶Ｏｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｍｔ;③退变晚期阶段（Ｍ３）,则形成细粒、黄绿色Ｈｂ＋中酸性Ｐｌ的较低温组合。并揭示该区石榴基性麻粒岩从中下部地壳的麻粒岩相变质,到快速抬升至中浅部地壳发生的近等温减压及晚期降温退变的复杂ｐＴ演化历史。     

后龙门山变质带的变质时期探讨

位于青藏高原东缘之后龙门山变质带的变质作用时期问题,争论日久.笔者通过变质作用、同变质变形作用、岩浆活动等特征分析,结合同位素测年资料,提出后龙门山变质带应属两期区域变质作用之产物.中压相系区域动力热流变质作用属华力西期,区域低温动力变质作用属印支期.     

区域变质带形成方式初探

一般认为，区域变质带是进化变化质作用的产物。但大别山杂岩中榴辉岩变质历史及其与围岩变质作用关系研究表明，该区的区域变质带是高压榴辉岩相岩石经退化变质带三个基本类型，它们分别代表不同的构造含义。作者认为，退化变质作用的地位与意义在今后的研究中应加以强调。     

赣中变质岩带的组成及构造变质变形特征

赣中变质岩带不是简单的一套震旦纪地层 ,而是由结晶基底中元古界中深变质岩系 (斜长角闪岩的Sm Nd全岩等时线年龄为 1113± 4 9Ma)和褶皱基底变质较浅的震旦系组成。两者之间以具热流体参与的混合岩化、韧性剪切带和递进变质三位一体组成的动热变质带接触。结晶基底经历了4期构造变质变形的叠加改造 ,每期构造变形都在变质岩石构造单元内留下各种变形形迹 ,变质作用表现为时间上的递进和空间上的叠加演化系列 ,是一套以众多的不平衡结构和多相共生混存的矿物组合 ,热变质带为一套动热变质塑性变形带 ,空间上依次形成绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带以及夕线石带     

嫩江地区中晚加里东期区域变质岩系构造背景

按板块构造划分,嫩江地区位于兴蒙造山带东段兴安地块与松嫩地块交会部位,区内多期次的构造叠加作用强烈,是研究兴蒙造山带构造演化的关键地区之一。从研究区中晚加里东期区域变质岩系的区域地质背景着手,结合现有的区域地层和构造资料,对区内中晚加里东期区域变质岩系岩石学及地球化学特征、变质变形特征进行分析,通过野外地质产状和岩石共生组合的分析、变质作用及变质相的划分、构造环境判别等方法对区内中晚加里东期所经历的构造背景问题进行研究,认为研究区经历了弧后拉张→岛弧火山喷发沉积→弧后边缘海盆地伸展→弧后边缘盆地沉积的大地构造背景。区内中晚加里东期区域变质岩系的研究,对于重建嫩江地区加里东期构造背景具有重要意义。     

与赣东北元古代蛇缘岩有关的高温,高压变质岩和重变质作用机制的讨论

赣东北蛇绿岩发育地区产出有高温和高压变质岩。高温变质岩包括多种角岩、透 辉石岩和黄长石大理岩;高压变质岩包括文石硬玉蓝片岩、硬往石片状大理岩和红帘石硬绿泥石 片岩。这两类变质岩仅见于元古界地层内,空间分布上仅与本区蛇绿岩有关。在大陆边缘蛇绿岩 发育期间,有过一种岩浆作用—热变质作用,高压变质作用叠加在高温变质作用之上,暗示 了高温变质岩与该蛇绿岩发育的洋盆早期拉张阶段的岩浆作用相对应,高压变质岩则与洋盆晚期 闭合阶段的构造作用相对应,我们称这种机制为“重变质作用”,与都城秋穗的“对变质作用”不 同。     

与赣东北元古代蛇绿岩有关的高温、高压变质岩和重变质作用机制的讨论

赣东北蛇绿岩发育地区产出有高温和高压变质岩。高温变质岩包括多种角岩、透辉石岩和黄长石大理岩,高压变质岩包括文石硬玉蓝片岩、硬柱石片状大理岩和红帘石硬绿泥石片岩。这两类变质岩仅见于元古界地层内,空间分布上仅与本区蛇绿岩有关。在大陆边缘蛇绿岩发育期间,有过一种岩浆作用——热变质作用,高压变质作用叠加在高温变质作用之上,暗示 了高温变质岩与该蛇绿岩发育的洋盆早期拉张阶段的岩浆作用相对应,高压变质岩则与洋盆晚期闭合阶段的构造作用相对应,我们称这种机制为“重变质作用”,与都城秋穗的“对变质作用”不同。     

相山铀矿田基底变质岩中角闪石榴(斜)黝帘石角岩的发现

在相山铀矿田变质岩区的云母片岩中，发现有脉状岩石产出，定名为角闪石榴（斜）黝帘石角岩。其原岩是基性脉岩。形成该角岩的热变质温度约为640℃，属于低压相系，与本区早一中元古代变质岩的形成条件相当。该热变质作用使早一中元古代变质岩叠加了一次热变质作用，形成了第2期的十字石、铁铝榴石和黑云母等变质矿物。它们依第1期变质矿物的晶格发生连生，也使第1期变质矿物发生了重结晶和自净作用，并趋于自形。这一角岩化基性脉岩的发现，揭示在古生代相山铀矿田变质基底仍然遭受着断裂活动、岩浆活动和变质作用三者相伴随的较为强烈的地质构造作用。     

Metamorphic evolution of the Central Metamorphic Belt, Klamath Province, California: an inverted metamorphic gradient beneath the Trinity peridotite

ABSTRACT Metabasalts and metasedimentary rocks of the Devonian Central Metamorphic Belt comprise the lower plate of the east-dipping Trinity thrust system in the Klamath province. An inverted metamorphic gradient is preserved in the Central Metamorphic Belt; metamorphic conditions decrease from amphibolite facies adjacent to the Trinity thrust, through albite-epidote amphibolite facies, to upper greenschist facies at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt. Mineral chemistry, mineral assemblages and limited geothermometry suggest that peak metamorphic conditions decrease structurally downward from 650 ± 50° C at the Trinity thrust to 500 ± 50° C at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt, under pressures of 5 ± 3 kbar. Synmetamorphic Ab + Qtz veins, up to 1 m thick, increase in abundance towards the Trinity thrust. Infiltration of H₂O-CO₂ fluids derived from prograde devolatilization reactions in the Central Metamorphic Belt caused extensive hydration and metasomatism of the Trinity peridotite; the hanging wall block of the Trinity thrust zone. Geological relationships and the preserved inverted metamorphic gradient suggest that the Central Metamorphic Belt formed in an east-dipping Devonian subduction zone in an oceanic environment. The Central Metamorphic Belt appears to represent a discrete slice of accreted oceanic crust several km thick, rather than progressively accreted material. Metamorphic pressures recorded by the Central Metamorphic Belt are intermediate between the ∼2 kbar pressures recorded in dynamothermal aureoles beneath obducted ophiolites and the 7–10 kbar preserved in subduction-related inverted metamorphic gradients. The lack of blueschist facies mineral assemblages in the Central Metamorphic Belt may possibly be explained by an anomalously warm geotherm prior to subduction or early shear heating prior to the arrival of wet rocks at depth.     

东疆哈尔里克变质带的U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

东疆哈尔里克变质带曾经历了两期变质作用,早期的区域性热变质作用的U-Pb年龄为305.9±2.9 Ma,属于早、中石炭世;晚期的断裂区域变质作用的U-Pb年龄为293.8±3.3 Ma～296.3±3.5 Ma,属于晚石炭世末期。早期的变质作用年龄可能是该区拉伸盆地形成的时间,而晚期的变质作用年龄则代表了A型俯冲形成的构造热事件年龄。     

桐柏-大别南缘变质流体变质-变形特征及构造意义

前人研究认为桐柏山主要是由桐柏核部杂岩单元组成,它是一个早白垩世花岗质片麻岩杂岩体,其中包含一定的三叠纪中高级变质岩石,后期一起经历相同的构造变形过程,在南北两侧形成剪切旋向完全相反的两条大型韧性剪切带,殷店-马垅剪切带就是南边的华南板块由SSE→NNW挤压作用下,在斜切大别造山带的方向上产生的右行平移断裂带。在野外进行地质考察的过程中,发现在该地区变质流体的分布具有一定的规律。因此,本文通过对殷店-马垅剪切带地质特征、走滑性质、糜棱岩及糜棱岩化岩石的变质变形,剪切带内长英质脉体物质组成、变形特征及物质来源等方面研究,探讨剪切带中变质流体的分布规律以及变质变形与变质流体之间的关系。     

Dehydration veins in diagenetic and very-low-grade metamorphic rocks: features of the crustal seismogenic zone and their significance to mineral facies

Abstract Declining temperatures during decay of a hydrothermal system, or during uplift and erosion, tend to result in veins involving progressive hydration reactions, e.g. veins with laumontite cutting prehnitepumpellyite facies rocks, and stilbite veins cutting laumontite veins. In contrast, examples are described of analcime replacement of heulandite along fractures in heulanditized vitric tuff, of replacement of analcime by albite along fractures in quartz-analcime rock, of joint-controlled replacement of heulandite in tuff by laumontite + quartz + (Na, K)-feldspars, of replacement of laumontite by prehnite + quartz along fractures in alumontitized vitric tuff, and of laumontitebearing feldspathic sandstones cut by vein assemblages of quartz and prehnite ° Calcite. The vein mineral assemblage, sometimes with pumpellyite and/or epidote in the prehnite-bearing veins, tends to spread as a zone of dehydration into the adjacent country rock. Except perhaps for albite replacement of analcime, and for laumontite replacement of heulandite, these open-system reactions involve cation activity ratios in the fluid. All involve dehydration. They are favoured by an increase in temperature, and except under certain situations where P-T equilibrium curves have negative slopes, are favoured by a fall in P_H2O. Evidence indicates that in at least some cases the triggering mechanism was a drop in P_H2O; this may be a widespread phenomenon associated with brittle fracture in the seismogenic upper crust. This may cause fluid pressure to drop from values approaching lithostatic to nearer hydrostatic, and equilibrium may be displaced to yield a less hydrous assemblage that appears as a dehydration vein and vein verge. The dehydration vein assemblage may be diagnostic of a higher grade mineral facies and adds to the mineral complexity attributable to varying permeabilities and fluid pressures in upper crustal strata. Mineral facies are likely to be more uniformly distributed in higher grade rocks from below the brittle-ductile transition zone. Reactions involving complex solid solutions are inappropriate as facies boundaries.