坚持科学发展观 建设美好广西——纪念第35个世界地球日

地球是人类的家园,一年一度的世界地球日(4月22日)是呼唤人们尊重地球、保护地球和善待地球的日子,更是我们探索如何更好地保护和合理利用资源、实现人与自然和谐发展的日子。今年,我国纪念世界地球日活动的主题是“善待地球——科学发展”。当前,全球正面临着人口膨胀、资源短缺和环境恶化三大难题的严峻挑战,地球的负担正在变得越来越沉重。因此,善待地球,保护地球家园已成为全世界有识之士的共同心声。今年,我国开展以“善待地球——科学发展”为主题的纪念活动,充分体现了人与自然和谐统一的思想,体现了科学发展观的精神。坚持科学的发…     

浅谈现代城市地下空间开发利用

改革开放以来,我国的城市发展取得了巨大的成就,城市化率不断提高。据国务院发展研究中心预测,20年内中国的城市化水平将提高到60％左右。随着城市人口的增加,人们的活动空间越来越小,人们不得不在享受现代物质文明带来的种种欢娱的同时,面对诸如城市交通恶化、环境污染、资源匮乏等“城市综合症”,造成了城市土地、能源、空间和时间的浪费。要达到既控制城市增长,同时增加城市容量和人类活动空间,既缓解交通堵塞,又少占用土地的目的,开发城市地下空间将成为必然的选择。有人说,19世纪是桥的世纪,20世纪是高层建筑的世纪,21世纪是开发利用地下空间的世纪。我们应当顺应城市空间发展的趋势,结合城市建设新要求,突出抓好城市地下空间的开发利用。     

河南地质工作如何为城镇化进程服务

城市是人类文明的象征,是人类社会物质和精神财富生产、积聚和传播的中心。100多年前,世界上还没有一座城市拥有500万人口,而现在约有60座城市的人口超过500万,全球70亿人中的近50%居住在占世界总面积不到1%的城市地区。 随着人类社会的进步和科学技术的飞速发展,城市化进程不断加快,城市对粮食、水、建筑材料以及能源的需求日益增大,人类活动使城市地质环境所受的影响和压力与日俱增。同时,与城市土地利用、资源开发、废物处置、环境保护和灾害防治等有关的地质问题日益突出,甚至直接影响和制约着城市的发展和改造。因此,解决城市地区出…     

森林碳蓄积量估算方法及其应用分析

近些年来,森林锐减、土地退化、环境污染、生物多样性丧失,特别是人类活动产生的C0₂浓度急剧上升和由此导致的温室效应等是目前人类面临最严峻的全球环境变化问题,所以全球碳循环问题日益成为全球变化与地球科学研究领域的前沿与热点问题,其中陆地生态系统碳循环又是全球碳循环中最复杂、受人类活动影响最大的部分。而森林生物量占整个陆地生态系统生物量的90%,因此,为了正确评估森林在全球碳平衡中的作用,了解森林生态系统在碳循环中的作用,森林的碳动态研究正日益成为人们关注的重点。本文总结了估算森林固碳量的几种方法--样地清查法、模型模拟法和遥感估算法,分析了它们的特点及应用等有关问题。     

海岸带海陆交互作用过程及其生态环境效应研究进展

海岸带是地球表层物质、能量和信息流通交换最活跃区域之一,具有动态变化的盐度、溶解氧等地球化学梯度,其界面过程体现在大气降水-河水-海水-地下水-沉积物之间的物质循环和能量交换。在人类活动与气候变化双重影响下,海岸带面临着气候灾害、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、滨海湿地退化、水体富营养化以及重金属、新型污染物等生态环境问题,成为地球科学和环境科学领域研究的热点。本文围绕海岸带水文-生物地球化学循环、人类活动影响下的海岸带环境问题、海岸带环境对气候变化的响应、海岸带海陆交互界面观测新技术新方法4个方面,综述了国内外研究进展与发展趋势,展望了海陆交互作用及其生态环境效应研究的未来发展方向。      

开发利用地下空间国土资源部门如何"给力"

有学者认为,19世纪是桥的世纪,20世纪是高层建筑的世纪,21世纪是人类开发利用地下空间的世纪。我国城市化快速发展的形势为科学规划、合理开发地下空间提供了难得的历史机遇。根据中国城市化发展趋势的预测,"十二五"期间,我国城市化率将突破50%,成规模城市可能会超过20个。可以预见,今后20年或更长时间,我国将迎来城市地下空间大规模建设的高峰期,城市空间立体化是城市化发展的必然之路。在这样的形势下,国     

对国土部门加快城市地下空间开发利用的思考

今后20年或更长时间内,我国将迎来城市地下空间大规模建设的高峰期,城市空间立体化是城市化发展的必然之路。在这样的形势下,国土部门在科学规划、合理开发利用城市地下空间方面将大有可为。一、城市地下空间是新型国土资源城市地下空间,主要是指人类为了满足某方面的需要而对地表以下的介质进行有目的的改造而生成的人工     

我国城市化进程中的土地利用问题分析

我国经济自改革开放以来有了飞速的发展，城市化进程也有了空前的发展，城市化水平已从改革前的20％提高到2002年的39％。国内外城市学家一般把城市化的过程分为三个阶段：第一阶段（初级阶段），城市化水平在30％以下；第二阶段（中级阶段），城市化水平30％～70％；第三阶段（高级阶段），城市化水平达到70％以上。根据城市化发展规律，我国城市化已进入快速发展阶段。预计到2020年城市化水平将达到50％左右，沿海各省城市化水平可达60％以上。土地资源有限，特别是耕地稀缺是我国的基本国情。而城市的扩张需要土地资源作为支撑，当前所面临的土地利用问题或多或少都是因城市化而带来的，但是大量实例证明，城市化的推进和加速对于土地的集约利用和缓和人地矛盾有十分重要的作用。     

国内外城市地质环境评价方法浅析

随着世界尤其是发展中国家城市化进程的不断加快，城市对粮食、水、建筑材料以及能源的需求日益增大，人类活动已强烈地参与到自然地质作用中。与城市土地利用、资源开发、废物处理、环境保护和灾害防治等有关的地质环境问题日益突出，城市地质环境受到的影响与压力与日俱增，甚至直接影响和制约着城市的发展和改造，从而引起城市规划和管理及学术界的广泛重视，城市地质环境研究已成为全球性关注的热门课题。环境地质工作已成为当前地质工作的重要内容，肩负着推动地质科学发展的重任，是地质科学发展的生长点。     

构建城市化进程中的＂田园城市＂

当下,中国正处于城市化快速发展阶段,农村人口向城市转移,在高城市化率的背后,我们也为这种繁荣和发展付出了一定的代价：城市不断膨胀,拥挤不堪,农村过度的资源浪费,愈来愈脱离人类赖以生存的自然环境。这种代价不仅抑制了农村的发展,也抑制了城市的发展,社会的同有潜力未能充分发挥。因此,探求新的城乡结构形态是摆在我们面前的重要问题。     

SCENARIOS SIMULATION OF COUPLING SYSTEM BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT IN JIANGSU PROVINCE BASED ON SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL

1IN T R O D U C T IO NU rbanizationand eco-environment coupling is uniqueand complex,and itsmechanisms and ruleshave pro-voked much scholarship(B RENNA,1999).More than100yearsago,HOWARD(1898)publishedG ardenC ities of Tom orrow to revealthe interrelationshibpes-tween citygrowth and itseco-environment,and he triedtodealwiththeissuewithrationalplanningway,buthefailed(BOURNE and SIMMONS,1978).However,onlysincethe1920s had thetopicspeciallybeen intensfiied.AftertheChicago schoolhad…     

Spatial-temporal pattern and formation mechanism of county urbanization on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Urbanization is a comprehensive and complex socioeconomic phenomenon that plays an influential role in promoting global socioeconomic development. The Loess Plateau region is an important part of the China's ecological security pattern, and occupies an important position in the implementation of China's new-type urbanization strategy and the realization of the urban dream. The characteristics of the staged changes and regional differentiation of urbanization in the area from 1990 to 2018 were studied with focus on regions and subregions by selecting 341 county-level administrative units on the Chinese Loess Plateau as the research area, and employing partition analysis and geographic detector methods. This revealed the formation mechanism of the spatial differentiation pattern of urbanization on the Loess Plateau. We found that the urbanization of the Loess Plateau,previously in a slow growth phase, entered the accelerated development phase, presenting a macro pattern of high rates of urbanization in central and eastern areas and low rates in western areas. The formation of the regional differentiation patterns of urbanization on the Loess Plateau were the combined results of natural geographical and socioeconomic factors. Among these factors, the interaction of any two factors had a stronger impact on regional urbanization patterns than a single factor, which was specifically manifested as nonlinear or bi-factor enhancement effects. The findings of this paper may provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the scientific promotion of healthy urbanization on the Chinese Loess Plateau and the ecologically fragile areas of developing countries around the world.     

Urban China in transformation: Hybrid economy,juxtaposed space,and new testing ground for geographical enquiries

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of China’s urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. China’s phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the Chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and Chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban China has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.     

RURAL-URBAN LABORERS''MOBILITY AND URBANIZATION IN CHINA

（孟晓晨）ＲＵＲＡＬ－ＵＲＢＡＮＬＡＢＯＲＥＲＳ＇ＭＯＢＩＬＩＴＹＡＮＤＵＲＢＡＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＭｅｎｇＸｉａｏｃｈｅｎ（ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７１，ＰＲＣ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｋｉｎ...     

面向数据共享的城镇化信息快速提取技术方法与应用——以江苏盐城为例

随着世界经济的发展,全球城镇化进程正在以前所未有的速度进行。城镇化带来的耕地占用、生态环境破坏、水资源短缺等问题日益受到关注。快速获取和共享城镇变化信息对于人地关系研究及可持续发展意义重大。借助遥感手段监测城镇变化信息,已经普遍得到应用,目前,多光谱遥感数据是最经济和可行的遥感监测数据源。本文基于多光谱卫星数据,有效利用城镇地区特有的地物光谱特征,建立不同类别城镇信息的提取模式和技术流程。这些可以通过多光谱遥感数据提取的信息包括城镇建成区、水体和绿地等。选择我国东部沿海区域内城镇化进程明显的江苏盐城主城区作为试验点,基于地物光谱特征分析,依据本文建立的城镇化信息提取流程,采用阈值分析和二值化处理方法,实现了盐城市亭湖区主要城镇区2000、2002、2006年三期城镇信息快速提取,使在更大范围内,促进此类信息的快速获取和共享,具有现实意义。     

青藏高原城镇化格局的时空分异特征及影响因素

研究青藏高原城镇化格局的时空分异及其影响因素,有利于推动青藏高原现代人类活动时空过程的认知,对青藏高原就地就近城镇化及可持续发展具有参考意义。根据历次人口普查数据,本研究构建青藏高原县市尺度城镇化空间数据集,参考城镇化发展阶段,采用LISA空间类型划分法和空间计量回归模型,系统分析1990-2010年青藏高原内部城镇化格局的时空分异特征及影响因素。主要结论包括：① 青藏高原整体城镇化水平偏低,2017年底,青藏高原主体部分青海省和西藏自治区的常住人口城镇化水平分别为53.07%和30.8%,低于全国同期水平的58.52%,但青藏高原内不乏高水平城镇化地区,而且各地区间城镇化水平的空间差异缩小;② 青海西部柴达木盆地是高水平城镇化集聚区,羌塘地区是低水平城镇化集聚区,地级行政中心所在县市多呈现自身高、周边低的城镇化格局;③ 与内地相似,第二、三产业从业机会是推动青藏高原城镇化发展重要因素,社会公共服务资源对城镇化拉动作用开始凸显。研究结果可以为青藏高原人类活动研究和青藏高原就地就近城镇化可持续发展政策提供参考。     

Global charm of the Changjiang River Delta

Based on the theory of geo-economy, under the new situation of global economy, information network and China‘s entry into WTO, also with the holding of APEC (in 2001) and the International Exposition in the near future, the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta is striding toward the spectacular international multi-polar situation and becomes one of core regions with high-speed development. Facing the ocean and world all along, leading the progressive tides of the age and scintillating the splendor of the nation, she does advance with time. Through a long period of irrigation projects construction and intensive operation of lands in previous agricultural society, the artificial wetland ecosystem with a positive cycle had ever been formed in this region. At present, environmental pollution and urban expansion resulted from post-industrialization are being rectified. The delta will be the paradigm of industrial and agricultural modernization along the sustainable development road. With the rapid development of urbanization,she has been one of the regions with the highest density population and high urbanization level. Taking the Changjiang River estuary and the Hangzhou Bay as two parts, she is continuously strengthening and adjusting her interior structure, expanding mothball space and constructing the oriental modem ″logistics center“ to link the whole world. The butterfly-style urban system of the Changjiang River Delta is flying, probably engendering earthshaking “butterfly effect“.     

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEM——Case Study of Shanghai, China

1INTRODUCTION Since the 1750s, promoted by Industry Revolution and the rapid development of science and technology, large-scale urbanization swept over the world. So far, it isestimatedthatmorethan60%oftheriversin the world have been experienced high levels of human modifica- tion (ALLAN, 1995). River systems have now become oneofthemostdeeplyhuman-affectedecosystemsinthe earth. To approach the impact ofhuman activitieson riv- ersystem as a multidiscipline topic has been a focus of res…     

Revisiting and rethinking regional urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.     

福州市地表温度热点及时空变化分析

中国作为世界第一大发展中国家,近年来城镇化发展迅速,大量自然地表转化为人工地表,从而引起了一系列环境问题,其中以城市热岛问题最为显著。因此如何缓解因城市化进程的加快引起的城市热岛效应已成为热门研究方向。为精确分析城市空间格局对热集聚的影响,本研究利用2000年5月4日的Landsat ETM+和2016年7月27日获取的Landsat OLI两期遥感影像,获取福州市的土地覆盖信息并进行精度验证。在地表温度（Land Surface Temperature, LST）反演基础上通过热点分析（Getis-Ord Gi*）,并结合不透水面（Impervious Surface Area, ISA）信息来研究城市化进程中福州市16 年来 LST的变化特性,空间集聚特性及其产生的尺度效应。热点分析结果显示：① 通过分析福州市内各地和热点中心的距离与LST的关系可较好地反映空间热聚集。2000 年在距热点中心0.97、1.03、0.95 km范围内热聚集明显;2016 年则增长到分别在距热点中心半径1.89、2.01、2.10、2.05、2.13 km范围内热集聚显著且热点区数量也从3 个增加至5 个。热集聚区（热点区和较热区）总面积在此期间从15.7%增至47.3%;② 由于热点图中的热点区和冷点区的形成不单取决于LST的高低,因此热点分析与空间自相关分析方法相比,能更直观地分析土地覆盖变化对LST的影响,了解城市内部热强度变化的细节。本研究采用的热点分析方法可用于城市环境保护与规划,将来还可作为城市土地规划与热环境影响的分析依据。同时可利用热点分析图模拟城市微气候,估算城市绿地降温程度等。此外,未来还可基于此进一步探讨更多时相以及不同城市的对比分析,特别是对不同城市类型如带状城市,多中心城市及中心城市等的研究。