自然演化碎屑锆石裂变径迹长度影响因素分析

锆石裂变径迹长度是锆石裂变径迹热年代学研究的一个重要参数。基于不同热背景的沉积盆地样品实测数据,分析锆石裂变径迹的退火行为,探讨锆石裂变径迹长度的影响因素。研究表明,Sk1井样品的裂变径迹长度和径迹与结晶C轴夹角之间具有一定的负相关性,即夹角愈小,径迹长度愈长;反之,夹角愈大,径迹长度愈短。Sk1井样品径迹与结晶C轴夹角主要分布在10°～70°,整体分布较随机;而Ku1井样品多分布于高角度（60°～90°）,整体分布不随机。Sk1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为220℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为5.02～5.55μm;Ku1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为170℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为8.06～8.31μm,高温热背景下Sk1井的锆石裂变径迹开始受到沉积盆地影响的温度高于Ku1井。研究认为锆石裂变径迹在不同热背景下的开始退火温度和退火行为产生的差异是由盆地不同的增温速率导致的。Sk1井的中浅层样品平均径迹长度范围为5.85～8.36μm,Ku1井中浅层样品平均径迹长度为9.21～10.05μm。2口井中浅层样品的最小年龄大于地层年龄,表明未受到沉积盆地的影响,缩短的径迹...     

宁武盆地及周缘岩体裂变径迹对山西地块中—新生代构造演化的约束

宁武盆地及周缘岩体的抬升剥蚀对于山西地块中—新生代构造演化具有重要的指示意义。本文对宁武盆地及周缘岩体进行裂变径迹分析,磷灰石裂变径迹年龄97～47 Ma,锆石裂变径迹年龄161～141 Ma。裂变径迹记录了早白垩世早期(145～125 Ma)、晚白垩世(85～70 Ma)、古新世晚期—始新世早期(59～53 Ma)和渐新世晚期(28 Ma)的4次抬升剥蚀事件。综合分析山西地块的裂变径迹数据,表明隆起区晚古生代以来发生了多期抬升剥蚀事件。山西地块中—新生代构造演化具有时空差异。周缘岩体样品的裂变径迹年龄大于盆地内沉积地层样品的年龄,指示了周缘山体先于盆地抬升剥蚀。晋东北抬升剥蚀时限早于晋西南。山西裂谷系西南端裂开较早。裂谷系发育具有由南向北扩展的特征,这与地层保留记录相一致。山西地块现今地貌格局是在中生代发育一系列雁行状排列的复背斜和复向斜构造基础上发展而成的。     

西秦岭阳山金矿带成矿热年代学:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究

阳山金矿带因其独特的构造位置、超大型金资源量以及成矿后区域发生大规模隆升剥蚀事件,成为矿床学领域研究热年代学的理想选区。本文针对金矿带成矿后热历史演化开展锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得如下成果：（1）锆石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(287.0±21)～(101±3) Ma(1σ),且不同岩性的年龄值各有特征,砂板岩锆石裂变径迹年龄值跨度最大(287～107 Ma),千枚岩锆石裂变径迹值分布范围为177～101 Ma,斜长花岗斑岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄值为193～185 Ma;（2）磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(69±7)～(46±14) Ma(1σ),径迹长度及其分布特征显示金矿带在晚白垩世—古新世的地层冷却表现为单调且缓慢地通过磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度。根据金矿带热历史演化分析,结合研究区古地温梯度、成矿深度数据,得出泥山矿段先于葛条湾矿段剥蚀,阳山金矿带自白垩纪以来地层总剥蚀厚度约为12.24 km,矿体剥蚀厚度上限约为880 m,推测阳山金矿带北部地层剥蚀少的矿段有较大的找矿潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南南召地区中生代以来的构造演化研究——来自低温热年代学的证据

有关鄂尔多斯三叠纪原型盆地的东南向展布情况不是非常明确,之前有研究表明其东南缘可能位于南召地区,对该区构造演化过程开展研究,可为鄂尔多斯三叠纪原型盆地研究提供重要信息。因此,为了研究南召地区中生代以来的构造演化史及其与鄂尔多斯盆地之间的关系,本文对研究区3条野外剖面上3件三叠系样品开展锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹研究。其锆石裂变径迹年龄为270±15～181±8Ma,与地层年龄相近或大于地层年龄,不能很好地反映地层经历的构造改造时限,可能更多地代表了物源区的信息。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为57±3～47±5Ma,结合裂变径迹年龄和热史模拟,本文认为南召地区自三叠纪以来经历了4期较大规模的构造改造,早期是三叠纪末遭受了秦岭造山带强烈逆冲推覆对本区的影响;中期是中晚侏罗世到晚白垩世初;晚期是晚白垩世;末期是喜马拉雅期,4期构造改造均与秦岭造山带的构造演化息息相关。此外,通过与鄂尔多斯盆地周缘地区展开对比,发现二者构造演化过程具有相似的时限性,从构造演化的角度支持南召地区属于鄂尔多斯原型盆地的观点。     

二连盆地侏罗系地层热演化史研究

本文应用磷灰石裂变径迹,镜质体动力学模型等方法恢复二连盆地侏罗系地层的热演化史,二连盆地图参１井磷灰石退火浓度为１６００－２７７４ｍ,对应的退火温度为６４－１０２．７℃,图参１井现今温度小于最高古地温,这是由于二连盆地地温梯度逐渐降低及地层发生抬升和剥蚀所致。根据磷灰石裂变径迹分析和镜质体动力学模型模拟图参１井的热演化史,在晚侏罗世时其经受的最高地温梯度分别为７℃／ｈｍ和６℃／ｈｍ。侏罗系地层在晚     

阿尔泰造山带富蕴基性麻粒岩折返过程:来自裂变径迹热年代学的限定

论文在阿尔泰造山带富蕴县乌恰沟基性麻粒岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学、变质温压条件和形成的大地构造背景研究基础上,利用麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的裂变径迹热年代学探讨了麻粒岩从深部折返至地表的过程。裂变径迹年代学研究发现基性麻粒岩的锆石裂变径迹年龄为三叠纪,而麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄均显示为晚白垩世至新生代早期。对磷灰石裂变径迹测试所得到的径迹长度和单颗粒年龄数据进行热史模拟表明,三叠纪时,基性麻粒岩抬升至约地表以下7.8km的上地壳,温度冷却至锆石裂变径迹的封闭温度;晚白垩世至新生代早期(约100～50Ma),麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和辉绿岩抬升至约地表以下3.5km,温度冷却至磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度;约50～15Ma,三者滞留在约地表以下1.7km的磷灰石部分退火带;约15Ma以来,喜马拉雅运动使得它们被抬升剥蚀至地表。     

裂变径迹技术及其地质应用

裂变径迹技术以样品用量少、封闭温度低以及测年范围广等优势,被广泛应用于地质学研究中。完全退火或部分退火样品可有效记录岩体的冷却-剥露历史,限制构造活动起始时间,探讨上覆岩石的风化剥蚀历史与矿床保存变化之间的关系,定量化矿床隆升剥蚀量,实现找矿预测; 锆石裂变径迹封闭温度对应天然气生成温度区间,可运用于油气勘探研究计算中; 近年来结合元素含量分析的裂变径迹技术还可进行物源分析,LA-ICP-MS技术的引进为测量低U含量矿物的径迹带来了曙光。系统总结了磷灰石与锆石裂变径迹退火特性的研究成果,以及温度、化学成分、结晶各向异性及D_par值等因素对磷灰石径迹退火特性数据解释可能产生的影响,锆石径迹热稳定性的降低主要受制于辐射损伤效应。实验室退火特性研究为了解繁杂的径迹退火化学动力机制提供了重要的理论参考,但在实际的数据解释中需结合地质背景,以获得更为清晰的地质热事件演化研究时间格架。结合径迹测年在矿床、山体隆升剥蚀、盆地热史等研究的典型案例分析,以期为裂变径迹应用的相关研究提供参考。     

磷灰石裂变径迹数据的热史反演及其局限性

应用一种局部优化方法——模拟退火法对磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布及径迹年龄进行热史的反演。反演中采取了Laslet等(1987)的扇型径迹退火模型。通过对理论热史模型及实测资料的反演,结果表明应用磷灰石裂变径迹数据提取热史信息是有效的。但是,由于径迹的退火主要受温度的控制,因此以前记录在径迹中的热史信息有可能被后期高温改造而难以反映。指出磷灰石径迹资料在冷却盆地的应用可以获取较精确的热史信息,而在有复杂演化史的盆地中精度较差。     

柴西新生代沉积源区及盆地热历史的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

通过对柴达木盆地西部干柴沟地区西岔沟剖面10件新生代砂岩样品磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的分析和年龄-温度热演化史的模拟,研究了柴西新生代碎屑沉积岩源区及盆地的热历史.磷灰石样品大多未退火,来自不同的物源区.裂变径迹颗粒年龄分组显示,盆地经历了23.5,29.6,35.8 Ma 3次构造热事件;沉积物源区在42.0～40.5,39.0-37.5,14.0-11.5,6.0～4.5 Ma 发生了明显的构造活动,源区发生了较明显的变化,特别是12 Ma左右的构造活动,导致下油砂山组顶部物源发生了很大的改变;40.5～39.0,16～14,11.5～6.0 Ma沉积物的源区发生了明显的升降运动,导致剥蚀速率加快;平均围限径迹长度为9.4～11.7μm.总体来看,干柴沟地区及周缘山系在37～15 Ma近22 Ma的地质时期内一直比较稳定,30 Ma左右的热事件在盆地或周缘山系都有较明显的反映.     

宁武-静乐含煤盆地构造-热演化史恢复

宁武-静乐盆地是华北地区重要的含煤构造盆地,是山西省煤层气勘探主要区域。本文基于镜质组反射率及磷灰石裂变径迹古温标,恢复了盆地的构造-热演化史。研究结果表明,石炭系太原组煤层的Ro值主要反映中生代晚期地层达到最大埋深时的古地温状况,根据最大古埋藏深度,获得盆地的古地温梯度约3.88 ℃/100 m～4.34 ℃/100 m。裂变径迹资料抬升冷却分析,得出盆地经历了70～63 Ma和38～20 Ma以来的两次快速抬升。构造-热演化史研究表明,盆地经历的最大古地温时期是在晚侏罗世-早白垩世达到的,该时期是煤层气主要生成期。晚白垩世期盆地抬升冷却,地温明显降低,生气作用减弱及停止。镜质组反射率和裂变径迹所揭示的热演化史对于深化认识宁武-静乐盆地的煤层气勘探开发具重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861