上海测震台网数据质量综合分析

地震数据质量直接影响地震监测和速报的准确性及可靠性,对防震减灾事业具有重要意义。以上海测震观测资料为研究基础,采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法,围绕测震台网运行率、波形可用率、台基背景噪声、干扰以及台网布局合理性,对测震观测数据质量进行综合分析。结果发现：上海测震台网总体运行稳定,数据连续率较高;部分地震台站背景噪声偏大;受基岩出露影响,上海东部和西北部地区布设台站较少,导致地震监测能力较弱,测震台网布局有待优化。本项工作的开展对今后地震台站改造以及新台站建设具有参考意义。     

北京市测震台网数字地震台站台基背景噪声分析

基于北京市测震台网连续三分量地震计波形数据,计算28个测震台站台基噪声,利用Welch方法计算噪声功率谱密度（PSD）,进而计算地震台台基1-20 Hz地动噪声均方根值（RMS）和观测动态范围。结果表明,依照《地震台站观测环境技术要求》,北京市测震台网中有11个Ⅰ类台、9个Ⅱ类台、6个Ⅲ类台、2个Ⅳ类台。通过分析北京市测震台网数字地震台背景噪声水平,为测震台网的规划建设提供数据支持。     

上海深井地震综合观测地磁资料分析

运用崇明长江农场台和浦东张江台新建地震综合深井地磁三分量资料,宋用小波变化方法,研究地磁场井下观测方式、数据质量和噪声特性.结果表明:①深井地磁观测资料日变形态明显,与地面观测资料一致性较好;②深井地磁观测能滤除大部分空间变化磁场产生的扰动;③深井观测的背景噪声幅度小,扰动频段集中.     

赵县地震台地表及深井地震计观测数据对比分析

由于城市化进程加快,人为干扰因素逐渐增多,地震观测数据质量受到严重的影响。通过对赵县地震台地表及深井地震计记录的数据进行幅频、功率谱分析,并对比二者的地震监测能力等,分析发现:与地面观测相比,深井地震计在避免噪声及提高地震监测能力范围方面具有更大优势,观测数据精度能提高1—2个数量级。通过总结分析地表及深井地震计记录的优缺点,为测震台网今后的发展方向提供依据。     

上海崇明长江农场深井综合地震观测系统地磁观测数据质量分析

对上海崇明长江农场井深约460m的深井综合地震观测系统中的地磁观测数据进行质量分析。通过对该系统2套地磁仪以及相距约12km的三烈中学台地磁仪的时序图、相关性、频谱以及等效背景噪声水平对比分析,得出:(1)上海深井综合地震观测系统中用膨胀水泥固定在井深约460m岩石中的地磁仪工作正常,未受同一耐压腔体内应变仪、地温计、空隙压计传感器和安装在同一个钻孔内深度为430m左右的地震仪、倾斜仪传感器和系统影响,且相距60m远的长约400m的井下套管对其相对变化也未产生扰动;(2)长江农场深井地磁观测的等效背景噪声水平明显小于三烈中学台,开展深井地磁观测既能节约经费又能获得高于地表的观测数据质量,是值得推广的建设方式。     

基于PMC方法的上海测震台网地震监测能力评估

采用基于概率的完整性震级（PMC）方法,选取上海测震台网13个地震台站及周边省市地震台2008-2019年记录的171个地震,计算各地震台及上海测震台网地震监测能力,并模拟增加新的地震台站后台网监测能力的变化。结果显示：①地表基岩台的监测能力较深井台强,且受噪声和地铁影响,市区深井台监测能力较低;②整体上,台站密布的松江和青浦地区,地震监测能力较强,最小完整性震级为M_L 0.7。台站稀疏的浦东、奉贤、崇明地区,地震监测能力较弱,最小完整性震级为M_L 1.3;③若在上海南部增设奉贤海湾台,可整体提高上海测震台网的监测能力。     

巴里坤测震台背景噪声分析

选取2017—2021年巴里坤测震台数字观测资料,对近2 000 h波形数据,运用Welch平均周期法,计算得到该台台基背景噪声与噪声功率谱密度（PSD）及1—20 Hz地动噪声均方根值（RMS）。通过数据对比分析,认为2018—2020年,受G7、G575高速公路施工、人为干扰等影响,巴里坤测震台台基噪声水平不断升高,2019年噪声值达到最大。同时,对比巴里坤测震台在高速公路通行前后的背景噪声可知,2021年日、夜噪声差值高于2017年,且夏季高于冬季。     

山东数字测震台站台基背景噪声分析

介绍了山东数字地震台网基本情况,计算了40个测震台站台基背景噪声,利用Welch方法计算噪声功率谱密度（PSD）,进而计算地震台台基1—20 Hz地动噪声均方根值（RMS）和有效动态观测范围。根据计算结果,依照《地震台站观测环境技术要求》,对山东测震数字台网40个参评测震台站进行背景噪声级别分类,并分析不同台站背景噪声水平较低的原因,以期为测震台网的优化建设提供数据支持。     

嘉山地震台模拟和数字记录地震对比分析及台基评价

通过对嘉山地震台测震模拟与数字观测系统并行运行观测资料的对比分析,阐述了测震台宽频带数字地震观测系统,在区域地震台网速报和观测资料应用研究方面的作用和价值.同时,也对嘉山地震台的台基地动噪声水平进行了基本评估,提出了改善嘉山地震台地震检测能力应采取的措施.     

山西数字测震台网台站监测能力分析

主要对当前山西数字测震台网运行的32个子台,从其观测条件、环境、技术系统、场地实际噪声水平、数据质量、记录地震能力等方面逐一进行分析总结;同时,结合台站日常的维护工作以及记录的波形,对各个子台的监测能力进行全面分析,发现存在的问题,进一步提高山西测震台网的地震监测能力。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.