冲绳海槽及其邻域地球物理场与地壳结构特征

分析了冲绳海槽及其邻域的重、磁场特征，同时对研究区域的布格重力数据进行了上延拓及二次垂直导数计算．根据分析与计算可知，在冲绳海槽及其周边区域，重磁异常的主要走向为NNE向，重、磁场的分布特征表明冲绳海槽及邻域地球物理场变化复杂，变化幅度大．参考地震解释结果，利用重力资料，应用调和级数法对研究区的莫霍界面进行了反演计算，得到了该地区莫霍界面深度分布，计算表明冲绳海槽及邻域地区莫霍界面深度在28-4km之间变化，地壳厚度自西向东逐渐减薄，显示出陆壳-过渡壳-洋壳的转变过程．     

应用重力资料估算东海冲绳海槽地壳厚度

利用东海地区的重力资料,并参考在该地区进行的地震测深结果,应用线性公式估算了研究区的地壳厚度,分析了研究区地壳结构特征,根据与中国东部地球物理场、地壳结构的对比,指出东海大陆架地区应是中国大陆的自然延伸.对冲绳海槽的地壳性质进行了探讨,指出冲绳海槽应该为东海大陆架的自然终结.     

应用重力资源估算东海冲绳海槽地壳厚度

利用东海地区的重力资源，并参考在该地区进行的地震测深结果，应用线性公式估算了研究区的地壳厚度，分析了研究区地壳结构特征，根据与中国东部地球物理场、地壳结构的对比，指出东海大陆架地区应是中国大陆的自然延伸，对冲绳海槽的地壳性质进行了探讨，指出冲绳海槽应该为东海大陆架的自然终结。     

东海冲绳海槽地质地球物理调查回顾与研究现状

系统介绍了国内外对东海海域的地质地球物理调查历程与研究状况，并对国内外学者的有关东海冲绳海槽地壳性质的主要观点及结论进行了分析对比和归纳，希望能对今后东海及邻近地区的地质地球物理研究工作起到借鉴作用。     

九州背弧冲绳海槽东北缘附近地幔顶层层析成像的低速异常

用联合反演三维速度结构与震源参数的方法确定日本西南部九州背弧层析图象。成像中使用的是从日本西部到中国东部广大区域内305个地震台记录的2736个地方震的初至到时资料。同时补充使用了357个远震的到时。在北纬30°～34°和东经128°～132°范围至少深达150km 范围内,我们得到了高分辨率的地幔顶层的 P 波层析图象。反演结果揭示出九州岛以西近海40～100km 深度范围内有一个大的强低速带。这种特征可能是由延展的冲绳海槽东北缘地区热地幔上涌产生的部分熔融引起的。     

冲绳海槽中段火山岩系Sr和Nd同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

冲绳海槽中段广泛发育基性至酸性火山岩岩石系列 .各类火山岩的平均Sr同位素87Sr/86Sr分别为 0 70 4749,0 70 5 0 6 2 ,0 70 8771,0 70 4840和 0 72 0 30 1;平均Nd同位素比值143 Nd/144 Nd分别为 0 5 12 82 0 ,0 5 12 6 73,0 5 12 413,0 5 12 72 9和0 5 12 0 34 .Sr,Nd同位素比值完全落在MORB岩浆和流纹质岩浆二端员混合的理论双曲线上 .推断冲绳海槽中段不同类型的火山岩是在海槽地壳形成和演化的不同阶段 ,MORB岩浆同化了早已存在的壳源物质而产生的流纹质部分熔体以不同比例与MORB混合而后喷发的产物 ,揭示了冲绳海槽正从大陆裂谷进入海底扩张阶段     

由反射和广角地震数据得到的冲绳海槽最南端的地质构造

在冲绳海槽进行的天然地震实验期间,用海底地震仪记录到了两条反射剖面的数据。这两条剖面上均用3台海底地震仪,长度都约为65km,位于冲绳海槽轴线的西南部。对这些反射地震数据的处理反映了沉积单元的最新改变。两条剖面的广角地震数据的正演模拟揭示出有1～2km厚的沉积层上覆在声学基底之上,其特征是地震波速在3.2km/s～3.5km/s之间。只有一个剖面可以模拟地壳厚度,并确定为10km左右,向着南部的琉球岛弧方向增厚。使用重力模拟对两条剖面都进行了附加的约束,特别是对剖面1的深部构造进行了约束。     

冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率

采用AMS14 C ,常规14 C和ESR等方法 ,对冲绳海槽的 6个代表性岩芯进行了对比测年研究 .同时 ,对各岩芯连续性定向样品 ,进行了系统剩磁测量分析 .利用测年数据 ,特别是浮游有孔虫壳体的AMS14 C年龄 ,标定极性事件和极性漂移 ,并据此计算了各站及不同时代的沉积速率 .结果表明 ,槽底平原沉积速率高 ,不亚于东海陆架 ,一般在 1 0～ 30cm/ka之间 ,某些区域高于 40cm/ka ;同时代不同地貌部位或同地貌部位不同时代 ,沉积速率相差较大 ;冰后期沉积速率高于末次冰期沉积速率     

冲绳海槽地震海啸的数值试验研究

在分析东海水深与地震情况基础上,我们认为冲绳海槽地震具有引发海啸的条件,并对该区海啸传播过程采用单侧破裂方式的有限移动源模型和高阶Boussinesq方程做了一维有限差分法数值模拟,给出了海啸传播过程波形和速度变化图.我们从模拟结果得到初步结论:冲绳海槽特大地震海啸传播到上海近海在5小时后,近海波高在几十厘米范围内.     

冲绳海槽海底结构的地球物理调查

冲绳海槽位于东中国海的东部,琉球群岛之西,NE—NEE弧形走向,是西太平洋内弧盆体系中一个典型的弧后盆地。据作者计算,冲绳海槽莫霍面深度在15—23公里深处,属过渡型地壳。海槽的南、北段,在地壳结构、海底热流和火山作用等方面都有差异。南段地壳薄不超过17公里,热流值高一般大于3HFU,火山作用显著,构造破坏和地形起伏都较大。严格说来,冲绳海槽的南段才是构造定义的海槽(即弧后盆     

Benthic foraminifera and bottom water evolution in the middle-southern Okinawa Trough during the last 18 ka

Changes of the deep-water circulation and chemicalcompositions in related water masses in the oceanshave played a significant role in the evolution of theglobal climate system[1].Many studies have shownthat the characteristics of the deep-water during theglaciations were distinctly different from that of to-day[2,3].In the northern Pacific,Duplessy et al.[4]foundthat the ventilation of the deep-water(at water depthbetween700―2600m)during the last glaciation wasstronger than that of today,and …     

云南腾冲火山区地壳及岩石圈厚度研究

使用云南腾冲火山监测台网9个宽频带地震台站的远震数据,采用P波和S波接收函数的方法研究了腾冲火山区的地壳厚度、泊松比值以及岩石圈和软流圈分界面(LAB)深度.研究结果表明: 1) 云南腾冲火山区的地壳厚度约在33.5~38.0 km之间; 2) 火山区的泊松比主要集中范围为0.26~0.32,其中6个台站均大于0.29,推测与地壳镁铁质成分的增加有关并且可能存有2个岩浆囊; 3) 火山区的岩石圈厚度在78.2~88.0 km,较周边地区明显隆起且横向差异较大.腾冲火山区岩石圈的明显穹隆,由软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起岩石圈的拉张与减薄所致.     

Variations in late Quaternary upper ocean structure of Okinawa Trough: A nannofossil approach

The relative abundance ofFlorisphueru profunda, a calcareous nannofossil species in lower euphotic zone, affords an opportunity to study variations in upper ocean structure such as thickness of mixed layer. As revealed by the nannofossil analysis in sediments since 20 ka B. P. from three Okinawa Trough cores, the percentage ofF. profunda increased significantly from glacial to Holocene, with a declining event ca 4 ka B. P. in its southern part. Its downcore trend is similar to that ofPulleniatina obliquiloculuta, a tropical planktonic foraminifera1 species which lives in subsurface water below thermocline in the modern ocean. Their similar variations imply an eastward shift of the Kuroshio Current, a reduction in thickness of the mixed layer, a shallowing of thermocline and a possible increase of turbidity in the upper ocean during the glaciation. The eastward shift of the Kuroshio might be repeated again about 4 ka B.P. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49776289 and 49406067)     

Isotopic feature and uranium dating of the volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough

1 Introduction The Okinawa Trough(OT) extends for ~1200 km between Taiwan and Kyushu, and is an incipient back-arc basin bounded by the Ryukyu Arc to the south and east, and by Diaoyudao Uplift Belt[1,2] (Tai- wan-Sinzi Belt[3]) to the north and west. Drastic faults and volcanic activities are the typical features in the OT. Generally, the OT is divided into three segments (north, middle and south) by the Tokara Strait and Kerama Gap[4]. The geological features, such as tec- tonics, m…     

Sr, Nd isotope geochemistry of volcanic rock series and its geological significance in the middle Okinawa Trough

There exists extensive basic-acidic volcanic rock series in the middle section of the Okinawa Trough. Different types of these volcanic rocks have their own average strontium ratios of 0.704 749, 0.705 062, 0.708 771, 0.704 840 and 0.720 301 with average¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.512 820, 0.512 673, 0.512 413, 0.512 729 and 0.512 034. These ratios of Sr and Nd isotopes all fall on a theoretic hyperbolic curve of mixing between two end-members of MORB and rhyolitic magma. So we infer that these different kinds of volcanic rocks in the middle Okinawa Trough are the erupted product in different stages of formation and evolution of the trough crust. MORB magma, which had suffered assimilation, mixed with the early-formed crust-derived rhyolitic partial melt mass at different ratios; then, these mixed magma erupted and formed volcanic rock types of the trough. This study indicates that the Okinawa Trough is coming into a stage of submarine spreading from the stage of continental rift.     

Seismicity and stress field in Okinawa Trough and Ryukyu regions

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Element enrichment and U-series isotopic characteristics of the hydrothermal sulfides at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough

The geochemical and U-series isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the Jade site (127°04.5′E, 27°15′N, water depth 1300–1450 m) at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough were analyzed. In the hydrothermal sulfide samples bearing sulfate (samples HOK1 and HOK2), the LREEs are relatively enriched. All the hydrothermal sulfide samples except HOK1 belong to Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfide. In comparison with Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfides from other fields, the contents of Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Au and Hg are higher, the contents of Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, Te, Cs, Ti and U lower, and the ²¹⁰Pb radioactivity ratios and ²¹⁰Pb/Pb ratios very low. In the hydrothermal sulfide mainly composed of sphalerite, the correlations between rare elements Hf and U, and Hf and Mn as well as that between dispersive elements Ga and Zn, are strongly positive; also the contents of Au and Ag are related to Fe-sulfide, because the low temperature promotes enrichment of Au and Ag. Meanwhile, the positive correlations between Fe and Bi and between Zn and Cd are not affected by the change of mineral assemblage. Based on the ²¹⁰Pb/Pb ratios of hydrothermal sulfide samples (3.99×10⁻⁵-5.42×10⁻⁵), their U isotopic composition (²³⁸U content 1.15–2.53 ppm, ²³⁸U activity 1.07–1.87 dpm/g, ²³⁴U activity 1.15–2.09 dpm/g and ²³⁴U/²³⁸U ratio 1.07–1.14) and their ²³²Th and ²³⁰Th contents are at base level, and the chronological age of hydrothermal sulfide at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough is between 200 and 2000 yr. Supported by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-211), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40830849, 40176020), and Special Foundation for the Eleventh Five Plan of COMRA (Grant No. DYXM-115-02-1-03)     

冲绳海槽北部基底构造特征

利用最新的重磁数据对冲绳海槽北部的基底构造进行了推断解释.研究表明,在海槽内部主要发育两条火山带,一条为著名的吐噶喇火山链,由一系列活动的或休眠的串珠状展布的活火山岛构成;另一条沿海槽中央张裂轴分布,主要由孤立的海底火山构成.冲绳海槽的基底具有沿东西向凹－凸－凹相间的构造格局,深度在1 km~8 km之间变化,受吐葛喇断裂带的北部断裂F1的作用,第三系基底构造发生了显著变化,说明吐葛喇断裂带的北部断裂F1是一条构造转换带.莫霍面为一北北东向的向东倾伏的幔坡,地壳厚度由21 km减至18 km.