基于气候性温盐关系模型对Argo数据进行质量控制的研究

通过全球Argo计划的实施,我们获得了大量的温盐剖面数据。如果对浮标所在洋区的状况不是很了解,很难判断Argo浮标电导率传感器的工作状态及盐度数据的可靠性。为了避免错误的数据,必须对Argo进行有效的质量控制。国家海洋信息中心根据西北太平洋海区的南森站和CTD温盐数据,建立了高质量的气候学温盐数据集,对投放在西北太平洋海区的Argo浮标数据进行了相应的质量控制。结果表明,利用Argo浮标所在海区的气候学数据对Argo数据进行质控是比较有效的方法之一。     

全球ARGO浮标及其观测资料状况分析

以中国ARGO资料中心获取的全球ARGO浮标观测资料及其相关信息为基础，从ARGO浮标的所属国家、仪器类型、布放时间和运行寿命及其观测资料的地理分布、观测时间分布、质量状况等几个方面，对目前全球共享的ARGO浮标及其观测资料状况进行了初步分析，说明了ARGO计划实施以来全球ARGO浮标观测网的建设现状和各国ARGO计划实施的进展情况，为我国ARGO计划实施、海洋管理和资料应用提供借鉴。     

Argo剖面浮标观测资料的接收、处理与共享

中国Argo实时资料中心不仅承担着中国Argo计划的浮标布放任务,而且还承担我国浮标资料的实时接收和处理,同时,还兼顾国际Argo计划成员国布放的浮标观测资料的延时处理,并将处理后的资料及时分发到用户手中。文章将就中国Argo实时资料中心对浮标资料接收、处理和分发过程等作一系统介绍,以帮助用户对Argo资料有一更深入的了解。     

我国Argo浮标的设计与研究

自沉浮式剖面探测浮标是一种海洋观测平台,首先应用在国际Argo计划,故又称之为Argo浮标,专用于海洋次表层温、盐、深剖面测量。仪器布放后自行在大海中工作2a以上,直至电源耗尽;2004年11月8日实验的Argo浮标潜入深度已达到1900m,历时两年的浮标研究工作,在下潜深度、上浮水面、剖面测量、数据处理、卫星传递数据等功能上已经达到国际Argo组织的要求。文章详细阐述了剖面浮标的设计与研制内容和各种试验项目及所得数据,不仅为浮标设计提供科学的实测数据,还为今后该仪器产品化进程提供大量可靠依据和检测方法。     

ARGO剖面浮标电导率传感器漂移问题探讨

ARGO剖面浮标在海上长期工作,其携带的电导率传感器漂移会导致测量数据误差,从而影响观测资料的质量。文章利用误差理论和回归分析、曲线拟合等数理统计方法,检测和处理由ARGO剖面浮标电导率传感器漂移所带来的测量误差,并对太平洋、大西洋和印度洋上已经发现有电导率传感器漂移的ARGO资料进行了校正,取得了比较理想的结果。     

Monthly Variability of Mixed Layer over Arabian Sea Using ARGO Data

The mixed layer depths over the Arabian Sea were computed for the three successive years 2004-2006 using ARGO floats data. The large availability of ARGO floats for the above period resulted in better estimation of mixed layer depth (MLD) over the Arabian Sea. The results were compared with World Ocean Atlas 1994 MLD Climatology. Marked variability in MLD on a monthly time scale is observed and it was in accordance with the wind stress and/or net heat gain variability, which are the principal factors influencing mixed layer over Arabian Sea. With the availability of large number of ARGO profile data, an attempt is made to study the monthly variability of Mixed Layer.     

基于XML的ARGO浮标数据交换原型系统

ARGO浮标是用于建立全球海洋观测网的一种专用测量设备。本文基于XML技术,设计了一个ARGO数据交换原型系统,以Internet为数据交换平台、XML为数据中介,实现了一种海洋数据的集成和交换关键技术方法。     

Detection of Intermediate Mediterranean Waters in the Atlantic Ocean by ARGO Floats Data

Peculiarities of the spatial distribution of intermediate Mediterranean waters (MW), which are the main source to maintain the heat and salt budgets at depths of 600–1500 m in the Atlantic Ocean, have been studied using the ARGO floats measurements database. About 75000 temperature and salinity profiles recorded by 900 ARGO floats in 2005–2014 in the Atlantic Ocean for latitudes from 20° to 50° N were used. To process these data, we used the ARGO-Based Model for Investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO). This technique allowed us for the first time to obtain a complete set of oceanographic characteristics up to a depth of 2000 m for different time averaging intervals (month, season, years). Joint analysis of the temperature, salinity, and velocity distributions at 700–1000 m depths made it possible to revise the distribution of MW and their penetration into the western part of the ocean across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). It is shown that at depths of 700 and 1000 m, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a barrier to advective propagation of salty waters (>35.5 PSU) to the west and is transparent to fragments of destroyed intrathermocline lenses (ITL) with lower salinity (<35.4 PSU). In the Atlantic region, from 20° to 35° N and from 30° to 70° W, individual lens profiles with an anomalous salinity distribution were sought using ARGO measurements to detect ITL and its separate fragments. About 24 000 measurements from 370 ARGO floats were analyzed, and only about 3% of them showed weak salinity anomalies at 800–1200 m depths. No ITL were found from these observations. Analysis of long-term drifting of individual floats recording temperature and salinity profiles with anomalous layers made it possible to study the nature of MW transport through the MAR.     

日本周边海域温跃层特性研究及温度剖面模型构建

使用"中国ARGO实时资料中心"提供的2005—2009年连续5 a日本南部海域的ARGO浮标资料,通过建立标准层,统计并提取各标准层的剖面温度,采用AKIMA插值方法计算各层的温度梯度。较详细分析了该海域温度垂直剖面特征及温跃层的分布规律。在此基础上,使用分段三次多项式拟合方法建立了适用于该海区的温度垂直剖面模型,并利用2010年ARGO数据对模型进行了验证,研究表明,经过模型模拟的剖面温度与实测温度之间的相关系数可达到0.99以上。     

基于ARGO数据的日本以南黑潮水温垂直变化研究

以日本以南的黑潮下游段为研究区,使用中国ARGO实时资料,中心提供的2005～2009年的ARGO浮标资料,研究该范围的温度垂直分布规律,并利用同纬度带开阔大洋的ARGO资料进行对比分析.发现在该海域200m深度附近存在—不随季节变化的恒温层,温度常年保持在19.1℃附近,标准偏差0 5℃,且该现象自西向东渐不明显.恒...     

含有粗差的起始数据对水下地形测量的影响及修正

针对含有粗差的起始数据导致的错误碎部点成果,对粗差产生的途径进行了分析,给出了进行改正计算的必备条件,最后结合实际例子进行了计算验证。结果表明改正计算方法在理论上是严密的,在实际工作中也具有可操作性。     

Robust control for underwater vehicle systems with time delays

A robust control scheme is presented for controlling systems with time delays. The scheme is based on the Smith controller and the LQG/LTR (linear quadratic Gaussian/loop transfer recovery) methodology. The methodology is applicable to underwater vehicle systems that exhibit time delays, including tethered vehicles that are positioned through the movements of a surface ship and autonomous vehicles that are controlled through an acoustic link. An example, using full-scale data from the tethered vehicle ARGO, demonstrates the developments     

Long-term and real-time monitoring system of the East/Japan sea

Long-term, continuous, and real-time ocean monitoring has been undertaken in order to evaluate various oceanographic phenomena and processes in the East/Japan Sea. Recent technical advances combined with our concerted efforts have allowed us to establish a real-time monitoring system and to accumulate considerable knowledge on what has been taking place in water properties, current systems, and circulation in the East Sea. We have obtained information on volume transport across the Korea Strait through cable voltage measurements and continuous temperature and salinity profile data from ARGO floats placed throughout entire East Sea since 1997. These ARGO float data have been utilized to estimate deep current, inertial kinetic energy, and changes in water mass, especially in the northern East Sea. We have also developed the East Sea Real-time Ocean Buoy (ESROB) in coastal regions and made continual improvements till it has evolved into the most up-to-date and effective monitoring system as a result of remarkable technical progress in data communication systems. Atmospheric and oceanic measurements by ESROB have contributed to the recognition of coastal wind variability, current fluctuations, and internal waves near and off the eastern coast of Korea. Long-term current meter moorings have been in operation since 1996 between Ulleungdo and Dokdo to monitor the interbasin deep water exchanges between the Japanese and Ulleung Basins. In addition, remotely sensed satellite data could facilitate the investigation of atmospheric and oceanic surface conditions such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height, near-surface winds, oceanic color, surface roughness, and so on. These satellite data revealed surface frontal structures with a fairly good spatial resolution, seasonal cycle of SST, atmospheric wind forcing, geostrophic current anomalies, and biogeochemical processes associated with physical forcing and processes. Since the East Sea has been recognized as a natural laboratory for global oceanic changes and a clue to abrupt climate change, we aim at constructing a 4-D continuous real-time monitoring system, over a decade at least, using the most advanced techniques to understand a variety of oceanic processes in the East Sea.     

海表面盐度的高精度预测模型

为了建立高精度的海洋表面盐度预测模型,采用BP神经网络的方法,针对SMOS卫星level 1C级亮度温度数据和辅助数据建立了一种海表面盐度预测模型,以ARGO浮标观测值作为海表盐度实测值来检验新模型预测结果的准确度,同时利用验证集对模型的精度进行验证.结果表明:通过新模型预测的海表盐度(SSS0)比SMOS卫星的3个粗...     

台湾岛以东涡旋及东海黑潮的变化特征

台湾岛以东海域是黑潮变异最为强烈的区域之一,副热带逆流(STCC)区产生的大量涡旋西传至此,对台湾以东的黑潮流径和流量产生较大影响。但是受观测资料限制,目前对这些涡旋的垂向结构尚不清楚。利用ARGO剖面浮标资料并结合卫星高度计资料,对台湾岛以东的涡旋垂向结构及其运动特征进行了详细的分析。通过分析表明,这些涡旋垂向尺度可以深达2 000 m,水平尺度约200 km,其表层切向速度可以达60 cm/s,与黑潮流速相当,而在1 000 m层上的平均切向流速还可达8 cm/s左右。根据高度计资料分析,这些涡旋是源自STCC区的Rossby波西传结果,其Rossby变形半径为43 km,其相速度约4.2 cm/s。另外,根据浮标观测表明,1 000 m层上东海黑潮按照流速可明显分成3个区段。     

ENSO indices from sea surface salinity observed by Aquarius and Argo

Analysis of the first 26 months of data from the Aquarius satellite confirms the existence of a sharp sea surface salinity (SSS) front along the equator in the western equatorial Pacific. Following several earlier studies, we use the longitudinal location of the 34.8-psu isohaline as an index, termed Niño-S34.8, to measure the zonal displacement of the SSS front and consequently the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. The on-going collection of the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) program data shows high correlations between Niño-S34.8 and the existing indices of El Niño, suggesting its potential important role in ENSO evolution. Further analysis of the ARGO data reveals that SSS variability in the southeastern tropical Pacific is crucial to identify the type of El Niño. A new SSS index, termed the southeastern Pacific SSS index (SEPSI), is defined based on the SSS variability in the region (0°–10°S, 150°–90°W). The SEPSI is highly correlated with the El Niño Modoki index, as well as the Trans-Niño index, introduced by previous studies. It has large positive anomalies during central Pacific El Niño or El Niño Modoki events, as a result of enhanced zonal sea surface temperature gradients between the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and can be used to characterize the type of El Niño. The processes that possibly control these SSS indices are also discussed.     

开架式水下机器人运动的模糊非线性PD控制方法

由于水下机器人系统的非线性动力学特性和工作环境的复杂性和不确定性,如何更好地设计水下机器人作业时的运动控制器一直是其实用化过程中没能得到很好解决的问题。结合模糊逻辑和S面控制,利用T—S推理结构,设计了一种兼具局部和全局调整功能的模糊非线性PD(m)控制器,仿真结果表明,其控制效果要优于采用单一控制参数的S面控制器。     

Basin-To-Basin and Year-To-Year Variation of Temperature and Salinity Characteristics in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

Analysis of CTD data from four CREAMS expeditions carried out in summers of 1993–1996 produces distinct T-S relationships for the western and eastern Japan Basin, the Ulleung Basin and the Yamato Basin. T-S characteristics are mainly determined by salinity as it changes its horizontal pattern in three layers, which are divided by isotherms of 5°C and 1°C; upper warm water, intermediate water and deep cold water. Upper warm water is most saline in the Ulleung Basin and the Yamato Basin. Salinity of intermediate water is the highest in the eastern Japan Basin. Deep cold water has the highest salinity in the Japan Basin. T-S curves in the western Japan Basin are characterized by a salinity jump around 1.2–1.4°C in the T-S plane, which was previously found off the east coast of Korea associated with the East Sea Intermediate Water (Cho and Kim, 1994). T-S curves for the Japan Basin undergo a large year-to-year variation for water warmer than 0.6°C, which occupies upper 400 m. It is postulated that the year-to-year variation in the Japan Basin is caused by convective overturning in winter. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.