基于Logistic-ISM模型的喀斯特地区农户耕地保护行为影响因素分析

喀斯特地区农户的耕地保护行为对保障我国长江、珠江流域的生态安全极为重要。该文利用399份调查问卷,运用Logistic-ISM模型首先确定了农户耕地保护行为的影响因素,然后解析出各影响因素的关联关系和层次结构。结果显示:喀斯特地区农户耕地保护行为的影响因素中,距最近乡集镇距离、是否自愿选择技术、接触信息次数、交流信息次数是表层直接因素,石漠化面积是中层间接因素,家庭农业收入、是否有科研治理项目、专家走访次数是深层根源因素。研究表明:将Logistic模型和ISM分析有机结合,分析农户耕地保护行为的影响因素及其层次结构,能更为清晰地分析农户的耕地保护行为。     

基于社会嵌入理论的农户生态耕种行为分析 ——以江西省为例

根据社会嵌入理论,采用有序Logistic模型分析乡村社会嵌入的各个因素对江西省农户生态耕种行为的影响。结果表明:兼业水平和农业收入比重正向影响农户生态耕种行为,家庭总人口负向影响农户生态耕种行为;认知嵌入、关系嵌入和结构嵌入有助于提高农户生态行为发生的可能性。生态耕种行为的普及要从农户、不同群体和地方政府3个维度出发:农户自身要提高认知和技术水平;农户之间、农户和其他乡村主体之间要加强沟通与交流,新型农业经营主体主动分享资源和信息,并走向规范化和科学化;地方政府要提高自身的管理和组织能力,因地制宜地为不同群体提供技术培训和资金支持等相关激励措施。     

Driving forces analysis of reservoir wetland evolution in Beijing during 1984–2010

The reservoir wetland, which is the largest artificial wetland in Beijing, constitutes one of the important urban ecological infrastructures. Considering two elements of natural environment and socio-economy, this paper established the driving factor indexing system of Beijing reservoir wetland evolution. Natural environment driving factors include precipitation, temperature, entry water and groundwater depth; social economic driving factors include resident population, urbanization rate and per capita GDP. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM images from 1984 to 2010 in Beijing, the spatial extent and the distribution of Beijing reservoir wetlands were extracted, and the change of the wetland area about the three decade years were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to explore for each of the three periods： from 1984 to 1998, from 1998 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that the leading driving factors and their influences on reservoir wetland evolution were different for each period. During 1984-1998, two natural environment indices： average annual precipitation and entry water index were the major factors driving the increase in wetland area with the contribution rate of Logistic regression being 5.78 and 3.50, respectively, and caused the wetland growth from total area of 104.93 km 2 to 219.96 km 2 . From 1998 to 2004, as the impact of human activities intensified the main driving factors were the number of residents, groundwater depth and urbanization rate with the contribution rate of Logistic regression 9.41, 9.18, and 7.77, respectively, and caused the wetland shrinkage rapidly from the total area of 219.96 km 2 to 95.71 km 2 . During 2004-2010, reservoir wetland evolution was impacted by both natural and socio-economic factors, and the dominant driving factors were urbanization rate and precipitation with the contribution rate of 6.62 and 4.22, respectively, and caused the wetland total area growth slightly to 109.73 km 2 .     

农户土地用途变更空间决策行为分析——以江苏省常熟市、如东县和铜山县为例

在理解农户土地利用决策机制的基础上,利用江苏省的铜山县、如东县和常熟市329份农户问卷调查数据,采用Tobit模型以及方差分析方法探讨了影响农户土地用途变更空间决策的影响因素。研究表明:自主经营人数比重越高,农户选择改变用途地块的距离就越远,而打工导致的劳动力转移对于农户土地用途变更空间决策则没有显著影响;农户的存款越多资金越充足,农户改变用途地块的距离可能就越远;相对于铜山县,如东县和常熟市两地农户改变土地用途的地块距离相对较远;变更后地块的用途不同对于改变用途地块的选择也有影响,变更为渔业养殖用地则通常会选择离家较近的地块,而在种植业内改变用途,通常会选择离家较远的地块。     

乌鲁木齐市居民购物行为空间决策因素分析

通过分析乌鲁木齐市居民消费行为问卷调查资料,从不同类型商品和不同商业中心地的购物空间决策角度,对乌鲁木齐市居民购物行为空间决策的主要因素及决策过程的主要特点进行了初步研究,得出以下结论: (1)个人经验信息是最大的信息来源,重要性随着商品等级的上升而下降;人际交往信息因具体来源不同而呈现不同特征;媒体信息的影响力随商品等级上升而加强(2)不同类型商品购物地空间决策因素存在较大差异; (3)老商业中心地认知程度仍然较高(4)可达性因素加强了相对较新商业中心地的地位;商品因素是塑造商业中心地的认知特色的要素;提升服务因素是商业中心地保持竞争力的有效途径;消费心理因素对于商业中心地的发展起到无形的推动作用等.     

鄱阳湖区2004-2010年水稻种植制度时空变化(英文)

Rice cropping systems not only characterize comprehensive utilization intensity of agricultural resources but also serve as the basis to enhance the provision services of agro-ecosystems.Yet,it is always affected by external factors,like agricultural policies.Since 2004,seven consecutive No.1 Central Documents issued by the Central Government have focused on agricultural development in China.So far,few studies have investigated the ef-fects of these policies on the rice cropping systems.In this study,based upon the long-term field survey information on paddy rice fields,we proposed a method to discriminate the rice cropping systems with Landsat data and quantified the spatial variations of rice cropping systems in the Poyang Lake Region(PLR),China.The results revealed that:(1) from 2004 to 2010,the decrement of paddy rice field was 46.76 km2 due to the land use change.(2) The temporal dynamics of NDVI derived from Landsat historical images could well characterize the temporal development of paddy rice fields.NDVI curves of single cropping rice fields showed one peak,while NDVI curves of double cropping rice fields displayed two peaks an-nually.NDVI of fallow field fluctuated between 0.15 and 0.40.NDVI of the flooded field during the transplanting period was relatively low,about 0.20±0.05,while NDVI during the period of panicle initiation to heading reached the highest level(above 0.80).Then,several temporal windows were determined based upon the NDVI variations of different rice cropping systems.(3) With the spatial pattern of paddy rice field and the NDVI threshold within optimum tem-poral windows,the spatial variation of rice cropping systems was very obvious,with an in-creased multiple cropping index of rice about 20.2% from 2004 to 2010.The result indicates that agricultural policies have greatly enhanced the food provision services in the PLR,China.     

Farmer-based Rice Cropping Systems in the Poyang Lake Region,China: Analysis of Characteristics and Policy Implications

This paper examines the spatial characteristics of farmer/household behaviors in regional rice cropping systems (RCS), and the results provide necessary information for developing strategies that will maintain regional food security. Through field study and statistical analysis based on 402 households questionnaires finished in 2014-2015 in the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) of China, we arrived at two main conclusions. First, single- and double cropping rice were found across the study area, but showed a general distribution trend, with double cropping rice in the southeast part (especially in Jinxian county) and single cropping rice in the northwest (particularly in De’an county). Second, the household decisions concerning RCS varied in different parts of the PLR, but double cropping was the dominant type, with about 63.57% of the respondent households in the PLR cultivating double cropping rice. However, the multiple-cropping index of paddy rice was only 1.55. About 3% of interviewed households had altered their RCS during this period. Based on these findings, the local governments should guide farmers’ paddy field cultivation behaviors by increasing the comparative efficiency of rice production, promoting appropriate scale operations and land conversion, as well as optimizing rice growing conditions to improve the multiple cropping index and enhance food provision. Finally, land-use efficiency and more sustainable use of land resources should be improved.     

华北平原禹城市耕地变化与驱动力分析(英文)

Taking Yucheng, a typical agricultural county in Shandong Province as a case, this study applied Logistic regression models to spatially identify factors affecting farmland changes. Using two phases of high resolution imageries in 2001 and 2009, the study obtained the land use and farmland change data in 2001-2009. It was found that the farmland was reduced by 5.14% in the period, mainly due to the farmland conversion to forest land and built-up land, although part of forest land and unused land was converted to farmland. The results of Logistic regressions indicated that location, population growth and farmer income were main factors affecting the farmland conversion, while soil types and pro-curvature were main natural factors controlling the distribution of farmland changes. Regional differences and temporal-spatial variables of farmland changes affected fitting capability of the Logistic re-gression models. The ROC fitting test indicated that the Logistic regression models gave a good explanation of the regional land-use changes. Logistic regression analysis is a good tool to identify major factors affecting land use change by quantifying the contribution of each factor.     

鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能空间辨识

根据千年生态系统评估提出的评估概念框架,考察鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的形成机理,构建了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能表征指标体系,并利用多主题1km栅格成分数据模型,采用主成分分析法提取了鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能综合表征指标。在此基础上,通过空间聚类分析,形成了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能分区,实现了各分区单元上生态系统服务功能的空间辨识。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能包括了支持功能、供给功能、调节功能和文化功能,它们在空间上的排列组合形成了鄱阳湖湖区的10个生态系统服务功能分区,本文辨识了鄱阳湖湖区精细栅格水平上核心生态系统服务功能之间的差异及其空间分异特征。本研究提出的生态系统服务功能分区及其空间辨识方案,为鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的开发与保育提供决策参考信息。     

鄱阳湖湖滨十万年来沙山的演化

鄱阳湖湖滨及湖口－彭泽段长江南岸有成群沙垄、沙山分布。2005年调查发现,可分为4个风成沙山期及7类沉积物。4个风成沙山期分别为95kaB. P.的老红沙山期、46kaB. P.的红沙山期、27kaB. P.~15kaB. P.左右的黄沙山期、250年来的近代沙山期。此外还有温暖时期沟谷里水动力作用下的次生堆积,湖滩上的风蚀残余沙以及黄沙山表面现代松散沙。比较不同时期风沙沉积的粒度组成,4个时期的风力大小基本呈现黄沙山期>近代沙山期>红沙山期>老红沙山期的状态,以上特点与末次间冰期以来多个亚冰期全球气候寒冷程度的变化具有可比性。     

鄱阳湖沙地沉积物粒度特征及其影响因素北大核心CSCD

鄱阳湖沙地是亚热带湿润区典型风沙化土地,土地沙化问题严峻。鄱阳湖沙地研究多在小范围开展,研究意义有限,应在多处进行沙地粒度比对研究。选取庐山市、都昌县、永修县和南昌市新建区等沙地样品57个,分析其粒度特征。结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖沙地主要由中沙、细沙和粗沙组成,三者总含量超90%;Mz均值为1.79Φ,分选较差,呈正偏和尖锐分布;(2)鄱阳湖沙地不同土地类型沉积物表层(0-5 cm)与20-40 cm深度粒度特征存在一定差异,固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流动沙丘和河滩表层比20-40 cm深度粒径大,但流动沙丘和湿地草滩表层分选优于20-40 cm深度;湿地草滩和河滩优势粒级含量和粒度参数有别于沙丘;(3)鄱阳湖沙地固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘为风成沉积;河滩以河流作用为主,风蚀为辅;湿地草滩是在风力和水动力共同作用下形成的。鄱阳湖沙地沿盛行风向从南到北S、SK、K依次减小,风沙运动多以两跳一悬式为主,以就地起沙为主,河滩湖滩作为补充。     

近50年鄱阳湖流域径流变化特征研究

利用鄱阳湖流域1955-2003年3个主要水文站(外洲、李家渡、梅港)月径流实测资料,采用统计方法和小波方法,分析近50年该流域径流的年内、年际和周期变化特征.结果表明:鄱阳湖流域年内最大径流主要出现在4月、5月或6月;就季节变化而言,春季径流量最大,夏季次之,秋季和冬季较小.径流年际变化在开始较长时段呈增长趋势,1998年出现转折,之后递减,下降速度略低于前期增长速度.外洲等3水文站存在25～26 a的第一主周期,8 a和3～4 a的次主周期,周期变化基本一致.通过对相应影响因素的分析,发现该流域径流变化是气候、流域覆被和水利工程等多种因素共同作用的结果,而气候因素中的降水和蒸发起着主要作用.     

近50年来长江与鄱阳湖水文相互作用的变化

通过分析1957-2008 年长江与鄱阳湖相互作用的基本特征及其与长江中游、鄱阳湖流域的径流量和气候变化的关系,并用2004-2006 年三峡水库蓄水、放水量的数据,定量地计算和比较了三峡水库运行和区域气候变化对长江与鄱阳湖相互作用的影响程度,得出如下主要结论：1)从年际、年代际尺度上来看,鄱阳湖流域的气候变化和五河入湖流量是鄱阳湖水位和水量变化的主要因素,同时也在很大程度上决定了长江与鄱阳湖相互作用关系及其强弱变化。2) 长江与鄱阳湖的相互作用强度是此消彼长的关系。从季节来看,鄱阳湖对长江的较强作用主要在4-6月,而长江对鄱阳湖的较强作用主要发生在7-9 月。3) 三峡水库运行并没有改变长江与鄱阳湖作用的基本特征,在多数季节三峡水库的影响不足以解释长江径流量变化的10%,但是水库在不同季节的蓄水或放水在一定程度上影响了江湖作用的季节变化和鄱阳湖流域的旱涝机率。4-6月的放水加强了长江作用,由于此时正值鄱阳湖流域的雨季,增强的长江作用在湿润气候的环境下可能增加初夏鄱阳湖流域发生洪涝的概率;7-9 月的少量蓄水则减弱长江对鄱阳湖的作用,降低了湖区洪涝的概率;而10 月份三峡水库的大量蓄水可能增加鄱阳湖流域的旱季干旱发生率。     

TRMM3B42降水产品在鄱阳湖流域梅川江子流域的精度评价(英文)

在鄱阳湖流域的梅川江子流域,利用52个站点9年(2001-2005及2007-2010)的日降水数据对V6和V7两个版本的TRMM 3B42降水产品进行了精度评价。该评价针对多个时空尺度进行,包括栅格和流域两个空间尺度,日、月和年三个时间尺度。为避免尺度不匹配问题,本文利用泰森多边形方法将点尺度的站点观测数据转换到与TRMM数据相同的栅格尺度。评价结果表明,V6和V7两个版本的TRMM3B42降水产品差别较小,整体上均轻微高估了降水量(偏差均为0.04)。在日尺度,栅格和流域空间尺度上V6和V7TRMM3B42降水产品的精度均较差,相对均方根误差在135%-199%之间。因此,在该地区利用3B42数据进行日尺度的水文分析前需要对其进行校正。在月和年尺度,栅格和流域两个空间尺度上V6和V7两个版本的TRMM 3B42降水产品精度均较高,决定系数达到0.91-0.99,相对均方根误差在4%-23%之间。这表明TRMM 3B42降水产品在该地区月和年尺度的水文分析方面具有很好的应用前景。     

鄱阳湖地区生态足迹与内生经济增长——基于面板数据模型的实证分析（英文）

本文采用生态足迹理论方法对鄱阳湖地区6个城市（南昌、景德镇、九江、新余、鹰潭、抚州）1991-2010年生态足迹进行了测算,以生态足迹度量生态资源投入,与劳动力、资本一起作为投入要素对经济增长的内在贡献度进行了分析,并研究了全要素生产率与经济增长率的关系以及三大产业对生态足迹的影响。结果表明：（1）1991-2010年鄱阳湖地区6个城市生态足迹呈现逐年上涨的趋势,其中化石能源地、耕地与草地的生态足迹对总生态足迹的影响较大;（2）生态资源、劳动力与资本等要素对经济增长的贡献度呈现出地区性的差异,南昌、九江、新余和鹰潭属于资本主导型,资本对经济增长的贡献率最大,景德镇和抚州属于劳动力主导型,劳动力对经济增长的贡献率最大,生态资源要素的贡献率在6个城市中均居于最后,说明生态资源要素的使用效率过低;（3）全要素生产率对经济发展水平起到了关键作用,但6个城市的全要素生产率总体水平都很低,说明鄱阳湖地区经济增长的技术含量较低,要素的使用属于粗放型,这不利于该区域经济长期快速发展的要求;（4）第一产业对生态足迹的影响最大,第三产业对生态足迹的影响最小,鄱阳湖地区各城市应转变经济发展方式,大力发展第三产业。最后,在此基础上提出了鄱阳湖地区可持续发展的对策。