河北迁安一迁西国家地质公园地质遗迹资源类型划分及评价

迁安-迁西国家地质公园拥有古老地层、峡谷、溶洞、断层、褶皱等丰富的地质遗迹资源,其中以古老地层剖面为其主体内容.本文是在地质遗迹资源调查研究的基础上,将该公园地质遗迹类型划分为地层学遗迹、地貌类遗迹、构造地质遗迹和古生物化石遗迹4大类,然后以地质遗迹资源单体或类型为评价对象,运用层次分析法(AHP),对地质遗迹资源自身...     

基于数字地球平台的地质钻孔三维模拟与可视化

研究了地质钻孔信息的管理和可视化技术,提出了一种在数字地球平台中进行城市钻孔信息模拟和可视化的方法。该方法基于一个统一的钻孔数据库标准,首先将钻探点位信息和地层分层信息组织成具有不同细节层次的钻探点位模型、钻孔分层散点模型和钻孔管段模型,然后构建基于细节层次模型的海量钻孔信息多尺度表达机制,最后将这些模型加载到数字地球平台中进行可视化及查询、分析。在上海市的应用实例显示,该方法实现过程简单、自动性高,生成的模型易于在国际互联网上进行分发、集成与共享。该方法的应用将有助于地质工作者向其他科技人员以及社会公众展示、分发自己拥有的钻孔信息,为以钻孔数据为代表的城市地质信息的社会化服务奠定基础。     

Geoconservation for science and society: challenges and opportunities

Well managed and accessible geological and geomorphological sites are important to both science and society, for research, education, and, in some cases, for recreation. In this viewpoint paper we celebrate achievements in the field of geoconservation over the last 60 years since the first geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest were designated in the UK following the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act in 1949. With a range of new political, social, economic and environmental challenges and opportunities coming to the fore, geoconservation now needs to innovate and adapt in order to sustain and enhance its influence and effectiveness. In advance of the 2011 Geologists’ Association Annual Meeting, Geoconservation for Science and Society: An Agenda for the 21st Century, we give our view on the challenges and opportunities facing geoconservation and the areas in which new approaches and partnerships are required to secure the long-term conservation of our geological and geomorphological heritage.     

公转轴应力场星球说——地球、火星南南西应力场四组三维构造系

介绍了对地球构造格局,运动方式及其动力源问题研究取得的新成果。它不同于流行已久的以地球自转轴旋转和以软流圈带动岩石圈漂移以及随机的地幔柱（流）为构造动力源的观点,而是与黄赤交角相关的沿公转轴方向的统一应力场,认为中国西部ＮＷＷ向压性,ＮＥＥ与ＮＮＷ是与黄赤交角相关的沿公转轴方向的统一应力场。认为中国西部ＮＷＷ向压性,ＮＥＥ与ＮＮＷ向两组共轭扭性及ＮＮＥ向张性带交接,为来自全球ＳＳＷ主压应力场形成的     

Earth science training and development in Africa: a United Kingdom perspective

The paper discusses earth science training and development in Anglophone Africa, focusing particularly on support to geological survey organisations (GSOs). A distinction is drawn between ‘education’ and ‘training’, the latter used here in a vocational sense. Both are part of a continuing process of career development for earth scientists. First degree level education underpins all subsequent training. The onus for the latter lies with the employers, which need to develop appropriate training programmes for their staff that are compatible with an individual's career development and their own organisations' needs. There are relatively few graduate employees as a percentage of total staff in most African GSOs compared with GSOs elsewhere in the world and the experience of many of the younger scientists may be limited. This, and the often limited resources available, indicate a continuing need for support through development and institutional strengthening programmes. The main approaches to training and development are outlined and examples are given of some applications of these approaches. The training providers include ‘western’ and former Soviet earth science institutions, organisations such as the Association of Geoscientists in Development, and geological societies such as the Geological Society of Africa. The changing emphasis of developing country technical assistance requirements is reviewed. These include a shift from the leader-trainee approach by the provider to an advisory approach. The encouraging emergence of cross-border and regional training and development programmes within Africa is noted.     

试论地球运动与地质灾害及自然灾害系统

各种地质灾害与自然灾害不是孤立出现的,而是构成相互联系的灾害系统。灾害系统受控于地球的运动与天体活动。现在地球的运动已进入一个新的活跃时期,推测灾害有加剧的趋势,因此研究灾害系统的规律,制定灾害预测和防御措施是一项重要的工作。     

科学大洋钻探与全球气候变化研究

文章简要地回顾了科学大洋钻探的发展历程。深海钻探计划（ＤＳＤＰ）革命性地改变了地球科学家们对地球动力作用的认识。ＤＳＤＰ的后继者，即大洋钻探计划（ＯＤＰ）正在全球各大洋收集有关这些作用在几万至几十万年时间尺度上变化的高分辨率记录，并已在与全球气候有关的下述领域取得了重要进展：地质历史时期气候变化的幅度、速度及原因，按轨道调谐的新生代（１０Ｍａ前以来）地质年代表，高纬度地区冰盖形成及演化历史，造山运动与长期气候变化之间的相互关系，气体水合物与全球气候变化的相互制约关系。ＤＳＤＰ和ＯＤＰ的成就使地球科学家们相信，在全球年轻的大洋底实施钻探以取得连续的沉积记录和录井记录，是研究过去全球气候的长期、短期变化的有效而重要的手段，并将给未来全球变化的研究带来启示     

基于地质建造和流域地貌的河北省承德蟠龙湖地区大比例尺地质遗迹调查

基于地质建造分区和流域地貌演化理论，利用地质建造分析、DEM数字地貌、遥感解译、无人机和野外路线调查等技术方法组合，快速查明了承德蟠龙湖景区地质遗迹单体63处，丰富了景区的地质旅游资源，提升了景区的科学内涵。地质建造决定基础地质大类地质遗迹的内在“基因”，是地貌景观大类地质遗迹形成的物质基础，并通过岩性和构造影响地质灾害大类地质遗迹的发育。流域地貌演化影响基础地质大类地质遗迹的出露情况；是塑造地貌景观大类地质遗迹形成的主要地质营力，影响地质灾害大类地质遗迹发育。将地质建造和流域地貌相结合的思路贯穿整个地质遗迹调查全过程，初步形成“圈定潜力区—摸清家底—探究规律—总结方法”的大比例尺地质遗迹调查技术方法流程。大比例尺地质遗迹调查的目标是力求打通地质遗迹调查与地方需求、旅游产业发展的“最后一公里”，为地质遗迹保护与开发利用、美丽乡村与特色小镇建设提供科技支撑。     

“将古论今”——环境科学研究中的历史地质学方法

传统地质学的“将今论古”方法使地质学取得了巨大的成就,而且还将是今后地质学发展的指导思想,但面对资源、环境、减灾等人类在二十一世纪的主要问题,地球科学所面对的问题时,地质学家首先应该改变或者更新自己的思维方式。如果以地球演化的同一性原理来认识地球,则“将古论今”的方法对解决地球科学面临的挑战人有重要的意义。以历史地质学的方法和视角,研究地质过程的发生、发展和演化过程,以及这种过程在今天和明天的演化趋势,及其对人类生存环境的影响,将是今后一十时期地质科学的主要任务。     

FORWARD

To promote academic exchange and research collaboration on the frontiers of earth sciences between Chinese and overseas earth scientists and to advance earth science research and education in China, the International Professionals for the Advancement of Chinese Earth Sciences (IPACES) and the National Laboratory for Geohazard Prevention and Geoenviroronmental Protection at the Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), are co-sponsoring an international symposium Frontiers of     

山西宁武冰洞国家地质公园典型地质遗迹资源及科学意义

所谓冰洞是指全年365天都存在冰的洞, 是一种极神秘的洞穴旅游资源。目前国内发现的冰洞只有10多处, 其中山西宁武冰洞冰量最大, 形态最好, 冰花种类最多, 是一处十分珍贵的地质遗迹资源。本文在对宁武冰洞国家地质公园进行总体介绍基础上, 对公园范围内发育的地质遗迹资源进行归纳总结并分类, 然后对宁武冰洞这一典型而独具特色的地质遗迹资源从地质地貌特点、冰洞发育及成因进行归纳探讨, 并对国内外目前所发现的10多个冰洞进行比较, 指出宁武冰洞是现在世界上已知在中纬度中高山地区保存最好, 规模最大, 冰体最多并可直接见到地质时期存有古冰的冰洞, 是一种非常特殊的、罕见的、脆弱的、不可再生的地质遗迹资源。     

Promoting geological heritage through postage stamps

Postage stamps are useful in promoting geological heritage. This concept is explored through an analysis of British and New Zealand stamps, which portray a variety of different types of geological heritage. Coastal, glacial, fluvial and limestone scenery all feature, together with volcanic landforms such as the Giant's Causeway. Other stamps celebrate the work of historically significant figures who have contributed to geology, such as Charles Darwin. The field of palaeontology is represented in stamps, for example, featuring dinosaurs. Others portray economic activities and engineering achievements associated with geology such as oil and gas exploration. Industrial heritage is depicted by stamps featuring, for example, abandoned tin mines, while building stones are represented in stamps of ancient monuments, bridges, cathedrals and domestic architecture. Perhaps subjects for future stamp issues in the UK might draw upon the recently published 100 top geosites list.     

Features and values of geological heritage resources in Shunping County,Hebei Province

Hebei Province is rich in geological heritage resources due to its diverse landforms and unique natural conditions. However,detailed investigation and study of the resources are still limited,and a systematic survey conducted on a small scale has not been fully implemented. In this paper,the resource types and characteristics of the geological heritage in Shunping County are systematically discussed,on the basis of field investigation and scientific evaluation. With reference to the existing criteria for geological heritage resources survey,the heritage values and corresponding levels were assessed by using multi-factor quantitative evaluation approach. The results show that there are 33 geological heritage sites in Shunping County,which fall into 3 categories,10 classes and 17 subcategories. Among them,2 heritage sites are above the provincial level,14 heritage sites are at the provincial level and 17 ones are below the level. These heritage sites are not only natural resources with great tourism potential,but also valuable asset in geological research,human history,ecological conservation,scientific education and some other aspects. It is hence of great significance to conduct the scientific and reasonable appraisal for having a better understanding,good protection and development of the geological heritage resources in Hebei Province.     

洛川黄土国家地质公园SWOT分析与深度开发

针对洛川黄土国家地质公园旅游市场疲软, 与黄土地质遗迹极高的科学、科普价值不匹配等问题, 运用SWOT态势分析法, 对洛川黄土国家地质公园进行系统诊断, 提出了加快现代化地质博物馆建设、加强专业人才培养、提高科普效应、整合资源、联合申报世界地质公园、产权分离、广泛融资等发展战略, 以期为洛川黄土国家地质公园深度开发和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。     

重庆酉阳县叠石花谷景区地质遗迹景观特征及品质价值研究

通过对重庆市酉阳县叠石花谷景区地质遗迹景观的实地调查,系统划分景区地质遗迹景观类型,探讨景区地质遗迹景观的特征,对景区地质遗迹景观品质进行定性和定量研究,得到以下认识:①地质遗迹景观类型可以划分为2大类、3类和3亚类,以叠层石景观、石漠化景观、峡谷景观、洼地景观、落水洞景观、石芽景观、溶痕溶沟景观为典型代表;②地质遗迹...     

广西德保县通怀锰矿地质灾害危险性评价及防治对策研究

德保县通怀锰矿矿山建设开采可能引发的地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡地质灾害,危险性小-中等;地下平硐采矿引发采空区地面塌陷,并引发地面崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝产生的可能性大,危险性中-大等;地下平硐采矿,遭受井巷冒顶及井壁片邦,危险性中等;03线以西生活区遭受采空区地面塌陷地质灾害,危险性大.在基本查明矿山可能引发、加剧和遭受的地质灾...     

Geoheritage importance of stratigraphic type sections,type localities and reference sites—review,discussion and protocols for geoconservation

Equivalent in principle to type localities and type specimens in biology and paleontology, geological type sections and type localities, whether for sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous units, are critically important sites as long-term reference and research localities and for geo-education of students. Unlike type specimens that are housed in museums or established institutions of learning, most geological type sections and localities are in field settings and, if they are not located in National Parks or other reserves with some legislated protection, run the risk of being destroyed, inundated, buried by earthworks or otherwise modified. The history of the geological sciences in Australia is such that a number of type localities, or stratigraphic type sections, have been destroyed by local government actions, or developers through lack of knowledge of their importance, or lack of knowledge of their existence. Examples of the severe modification or loss of type sections include those of the Maxicar beds, the Tims Thicket Limestone and the Eaton Sand. The UK, a leader in the field of Geoconservation and with a number of global stratotype section and point locations as well as many other type sections identified within its borders, provides models for preserving and managing important geological sites and type sections. Whole-of-government and local governments are involved in the registering and protection of important geological sites. Aspects of the UK model may be adapted to help secure geological type sections and localities in Australia. While some type sections and heritage localities are already protected, to improve the level of protection for more sites we propose a long-term, multi-pronged approach: creation of an inventory of all nominated locations; registration of appropriate sites at Local, State or Federal government levels, where current legislation allows; education of landowners and land managers, both government and non-government to highlight the importance of type sections to science; and securing more geological type sections and localities in some form of reserve.     

中国油页岩富集与地质事件研究

油页岩是一种有机质富集的细粒沉积岩,高古湖泊生产力和稳定的还原环境是油页岩成矿的关键.越来越多的学者研究发现,在含油页岩沉积组合序列中,经常出现火山、热液、大洋缺氧、气候突变、海侵、重力流等地质事件.通过对全国50个盆地、95个含矿区油页岩成因和分布规律的总结和归纳,揭示出火山、热液、大洋缺氧、气候突变、海侵、重力流等...     

山东岱崮地貌研究综述

岱崮地貌是继岩溶地貌、丹霞地貌、张家界地貌、嶂石岩地貌之后的中国第5种岩石地貌,作为一种新命名的地貌类型,岱崮地貌具有极大的美学价值和科研价值。但对其的研究和开发却相对滞后。该文介绍了岱崮地貌的研究现状、分布及其形成过程、发育阶段等,岱崮地貌的分布规律、形态特征、组成结构,其演变趋势与模式及其形成机制等,是其学术研究的核心问题。加强对岱崮地貌的研究,不仅能够改变地貌学中关于方山研究的薄弱局面,丰富大陆风化及陆地碳循环研究,而且可深化对沂蒙山区地质地貌条件、生态环境特点的认识,也可为申报国家地质公园和世界自然遗产提供科学支撑。     

Let Me Drill a Coring Hole for You,and I will Return You a Telescope Inserted into the Earth

There was a famous saying by Sage Archimedes over 2,000 years ago that giving him a long enough lever and a fulcrum, he would tilt the entire earth. As an old driller, I propose another non‐famous saying that giving me a chance to drill a coring hole, and I will create a telescope to insert the deepest earth for you. Nowadays, drilling is one of most significant methods to collect samples from the deep earth. Those samples are extremely important for geoscientists to focus on the dynamic evolution of deep earth. Therefore, drilling engineering is thought to be inseparable for the geosciences. Unfortunately, some young geologists, especially students majoring on geology, have no meanings of what the drilling is, and of the importance for their geological researches. In this case, education popularization drilling knowledge should be strengthened in future. And we hope that sufficient attention of drilling engineering will be taken by geologists in the world. Moreover, in order to obtain high‐quality cores by various coring drilling methods. Drilling techniques and special coring tools must be continuously developed to successfully perform with regard to a variety of complex geological conditions. We have developed coring tools these years as follows: Splitted core barrel Triple tube coring drill tool, Advanced tube coring tool, Vacuum suction coring tool, Shock‐type coring tool, Long core barrel coring tool, WL‐drilling system with hydro‐hammer, WL‐drilling system with mud motor. These new coring tools have played a very important role in China's scientific drilling program. All in all, without advanced drilling technology, pickup of high quality samples from the deep Earth and geological research on the dynamic evolution will be restricted.