内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系

依据丰富翔实的地层古生物资料,首次在内蒙古西部建立了比较完整的第三纪地层层序：命名或厘订了中始新统乌兰乌珠尔组、上始新统查干布拉格组、下渐新统乌兰塔塔尔组、上渐新统、下中新统乌尔图组、上中新统呼和好来组和上新统昂冈浩特组等７个地层单元;区分出了中始新世乌兰乌珠尔、晚始新世查干布拉格、早渐新世早期克克阿木、早渐新世晚期乌兰塔塔尔、晚渐新世因德里沟、早中新世乌尔图、晚中新世呼和好来和上新世昂冈浩特等８个动物群（组合）。     

The refined Quaternary stratigraphic scale of the Fore-Urals and main events in Southern Urals Region

The refined Quaternary stratigraphic scale of the Cisuralian and Bashkortostan regions, approved by the Commission on the Quaternary System of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee in 2007, includes the Eopleistocene (with three superhorizons and seven horizons), Neopleistocene (with three superhorizons and 13 horizons), and Holocene (one horizon and three subhorizons). The first defined Holocene Agidel Horizon with three subhorizons, the Middle Neopleistocene Klimovka, and the Upper Neopleistocene Kushnarenkovo Horizon are correlated with the Shuvalov, Gorka, and Mikulino horizons, respectively. New names and reference sections are proposed for all the Eopleistocene units. Local formations are proposed for the horizons, whose stratotypes are located in the northern Fore-Urals. The Quaternary stratigraphic scale is correlated with similar scales of the Urals, the East European Platform, and the Lower Volga region. The scale takes into account all the available data derived from the analysis of original (sediments, faunal and floral remains), published, and archival materials, which make it possible to trace in detail the main Quaternary events that occurred in the Fore-Urals.     

南海北部深水区LS33a钻井微体古生物年代地层格架

南海北部琼东南盆地深水区接收了渐新世以来数千米厚的海相沉积地层,蕴藏着丰富的微体古生物化石。对深水区LS33a钻井岩芯的取样和化石鉴定,识别出21个浮游有孔虫化石带（N22带～P19带）和12个钙质超微化石带（NN19带～NP24带）。通过与大洋钻探（ODP）在南海实施的184航次的钻探结果和“国际年代地层表（2012）”等的对比分析,探讨了化石事件的地质年代意义,构建了LS33a钻井生物年代地层格架。在此基础上,讨论了更新统与上新统、上上新统与下上新统、上新统与中新统、上中新统与中中新统、中中新统与下中新统、中新统与渐新统、上渐新统与下渐新统之间地层界线位置以及崖城组、陵水组、三亚组、梅山组、黄流组、莺歌海组和乐东组地层的时代归属,建立了适用于南海北部深水区的高分辨率综合年代地层格架。     

The Voznovo Formation: The reflection of the early Oligocene stage in the geological history of East Sikhote-Alin

New data were obtained on the Voznovo Formation, one of the key Tertiary stratigraphic units in East Sikhote-Alin. The analysis of macro- and microflora in this unit showed that the decision to assign it to the Miocene (Resolutions…, 1994) was invalid. The early Oligocene age of the formation is justified. It is shown that the sediments constituting the formation were deposited in a barrier lake. The analysis of the Voznovo taphoflora reveals its mountainous ecotype, which indicates the ancient age of the Sikhote-Alin mountainous system. The Voznovo Formation is correlated with other coeval stratigraphic units of the region.     

Seismic stratigraphy based chronostratigraphy (SSBC) of the Serbian Banat region of the Pannonian Basin

Seismic stratigraphy based chronostratigraphic (SSBC) analysis of the Serbian Banat region allows the delineation of the spatial and stratigraphic relationships of the generally regressive and shallowing upward Neogene depositional fill of a tectonically unstable central portion of the Pannonian Basin. When geometrically restored in time and space, the sediment dispersal directions, sediment source directions, types of sedimentation breaks and the tectonic events influencing basin evolution can be delineated. For such an analysis the time-transgressive lithostratigraphic units used in the neighbouring Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin are conveniently introduced based upon their characteristic seismic facies and constrained borehole log records as mappable seismic stratigraphic sequence units, termed “seismic operational sequences”. The respective Neogene stage and operational sequence equivalents (Hungarian lithostratigraphic units or formations) are the Middle Miocene (Badenian, Sarmatian), Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene (Pannonian-Endrod and Szolnok Formations; Pontian- Algyo and Ujfalu Formations and Lower Pliocene- Zagyva Formation) and Upper Pliocene-Quaternary (Nagyalfold Formation). SSBC analysis greatly assists in the geological constraint or “geovalidation” of interpreted seismic stratigraphic relationships and provides potentially critical insight into stratigraphic and structural problems of non-unique interpretations. In the specific case, using such an approach on previously unpublished regional seismic lines, SSBC analysis reveals that the Banat region has undergone structural inversion. This may be related to changes in local stress directions along strike slip faults, which initiated in earliest Late Miocene (Endrod Formation), culminating in the reverse tilting and incipient shortening of the western graben. Therefore during the time interval that the Badenian through Endrod sediments were deposited in the graben, autocyclic progradation initiated from the Kikinda Szeged High in the East followed by Szolnok, Algyo, Ujfalu and younger units prograding from the West as the central high uplifted relative to the graben. Such tectonic inversion has substantial hydrocarbon potential implications for exploration in the region.     

Stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hydrocarbon-bearing Early Miocene Euphrates and Jeribe formations in the Zagros folded-thrust belt

The Lower Miocene Euphrates and Jeribe formations are considered as the main targets of the Tertiary petroleum system in the western part of the Zagros Basin. The formations consist of carbonates with some evaporate intercalations of the Dhiban Formation. This study utilized data from a field investigation including newly described outcrop sections and newly discovered productive oil fields within the Kirkuk embayment zone of the Zagros fold and thrust belt such as Sarqala and Kurdamir wells. This work is the first to show a stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental interpretation by investigating both well data and new outcrop data. Three depositional environments were identified, (1) an inner and outer ramp belts environment, (2) shoal environment, and (3) restricted lagoon environment. Within these 3 environments, 12 microfacies were identified, based on the distribution of fauna mainly benthonic foraminifera, rock textures, and sedimentary structures. The inferred shallow water depths and variable salinities in both the Euphrates Formation and Jeribe Formation carbonates are consistent with deposition on the inner ramp (restricted lagoon and shoal) environments. Those found in the Euphrates Formation constrained the depositional environment to the restricted lagoon and shoal environment, while the microfacies in the Jeribe Formation provided evidence for an inner ramp and middle to outer ramp belt environments. This study represents the first detailed research that focuses on the stratigraphic correlation and changes in carbonate facies with the main aim to provide a wider understanding of stratigraphy of these carbonate reservoirs throughout the northern part of Iraq.     

山西榆社地区新近纪地层时代讨论

通过对山西榆社地区新近纪地层的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于该区的新近纪地层进行了详细的研究和划分,提供了新的ESR测年数据,并结合古地磁年龄、生物地层序列确定了该区新近纪地层顺序为:新近系上新统上部麻则沟组(Naa m)、新近系上新统下部高庄组(N12 g)和中新统马会组(N1m).根据实测剖面,可将这3个组的河湖相地层划分为37层,总厚度达446.5 m.ESR测年结果表明,麻则沟组的形成时间为2.50～3.04 Ma,属新近纪上新世晚期;高庄组形成时间为3.25～5.25 Ma,属新近纪上新世早期;马会组形成时间为5.30～13.10 Ma,属新近纪中新世晚期.     

Selachian fishes from Bhuban Formation,Surma Group,Aizawl, Mizoram

An interesting selachian fish assemblage having stratigraphic and palaeoecological significance is being described from the two intraformational calcareous conglomeratic horizons within the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation, Surma Group (Lower to Middle Miocene). The assemblage consists of eighteen species of selachian fishes including two new ones (Carcharhinus bhubanicus and Hemipristis unidenticulata) belonging to thirteen genera and another thirteen forms have been identified up to generic level. It is dominated by the families Carcharhinidae and Lamnidae, and is one of the most diversified Miocene assemblages from the Indian subcontinent. The fish fauna and the associated mega-invertebrates suggest Lower Miocene (Aquitanian - Burdigalian) age for the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation. These further suggest that the fish yielding horizons were deposited under a warm shallow marine set-up near to the shoreline in a high-energy environment.     

Oroclinal bending in the Alborz Mountains (Northern Iran): New constraints on the age of South Caspian subduction and extrusion tectonics

In this study, we report an extensive paleomagnetic study (76 sites) carried out in the Alborz Mts. (northern Iran), with the aim of reconstructing the rotation history and the origin of curvature of this orogenic chain. The analyzed deposits are the sedimentary successions of the Upper Red Formation (Miocene), Lower Red Formation (Oligocene) and Eocene clastic units. Paleomagnetic results indicate that the Alborz Mts. can be considered a secondary arc that originated as a linear mountain belt that progressively acquired its present day curvature through opposite vertical axis rotations along its strike. The curvature of the arc was entirely acquired after the middle-late Miocene, which is the age of the youngest investigated sediments (Upper Red Formation). Overall, our paleomagnetic data indicate that the Alborz Mts. can be considered an orocline.Our results define, for the first time, the rotational history of the entire Alborz curved mountain belt, and enable us to reconstruct the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of northern Iran in the framework of Arabia-Eurasia continental deformation. The kinematics inferred by the pattern of paleomagnetic rotations is at odds with the present day kinematics of northern Iran, characterized by the westward extrusion of the South Caspian block, and by a left lateral shear between Central Iran and the central and western sectors of the Alborz Mts. By integrating paleomagnetic data with stratigraphic, thermochronological, structural and GPS information, we propose that the initiation of South Caspian subduction and the activation of westward extrusion of South Caspian block occurred diachronously and that the initiation of the present-day kinematics of northern Iran was quite recent (Lower Pleistocene, < 2 Ma).     

Boundary Between Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleocene in the Zagros Mountain Ranges of Southwestern Iran

In the present study, over 3000?m of Upper Cretaceous sediments (Tarbur Formation) in seven stratigraphic, columnar sections were studied. The area is located in the Zagros mountain ranges of southwestern Iran, attributed to the converging continental Arabian Shield, and is interpreted as the result of subduction and collision. Based on foraminiferal studies of the Tarbur Formation in the sections, we have established many new biozones in the stratigraphic sections. However, investigations of the biozones indicate that there is no lithostratigraphic variation between the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleocene sediments in some of the studied sections. The concept of widespread formations and lithologic correlations is not applicable in this area, probably as a result of the tectonic unrest at that time. The biostratigraphic boundary between the Cretaceous and the Lower Paleocene is nevertheless well defined by the intraformational boundary in the sections.     

南京—仪征地区新近纪地层层序及时代讨论

上世纪70年代以来，由于雨花台组与其他砂砾层之间接触关系未被发现，南京—仪征地区新近纪地层层序及时代一直存在着争议。笔者对仪征大仪集新仪1孔剖面进行了重新整理划分，新近纪各地层叠置关系明显，同时结合其他剖面及岩相古地理分析，在前人工作的基础上，对新近纪地层层序及时代进行了讨论。该地区新近纪地层层序为中新世中期的洞玄观组(N1d)、中新世晚期的六合组(N1l)黄岗组(N1h)及上新世的雨花台组(N2γ)以及非正式岩石地层单位方山玄武岩(fb)。雨花台组沉积是位于六合组之上的另一套砂砾层，其沉积时代为上新世晚期。     

四川盐边稗子田志留系与泥盆系的界线划分及地质意义

四川省盐边县北部稗子田地区的专留系发育良好,牙形刺化石极为丰富,与上覆泥盆系连续沉积,并呈整合接触。该剖面为我国扬子区较为理想的志留纪地层剖面,其代表和反映了扬子区西部一种新的断陷盆地碳酸盐岩沉积类型,丰富了区内志留系的研究内容。笔者详细记述了稗子田专留系至下泥盆统下部剖面的岩性特征和生物化石的垂直分布状部,在此基础上建立和完善区内新的地层系统,提出地层划分的对比依据和建议。新方案除对志留系底的黑     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩纪层序地层格架及古地理演化

白垩纪的库车坳陷是一个干旱气候条件下的内陆坳陷,其中只发育下白垩统,为一套干旱红层地层,进一步划分为亚格列木组、舒善河组、巴西盖组和巴什基奇克组。该套干旱红层,包括洪积扇砾岩、间歇性河流砂砾岩、风成砂岩和沙漠湖紫红色泥岩等沉积。这些沉积在地层记录中常以一种特别的旋回性形式产出,在不整合面及其相关面之上首先沉积的是洪积扇砾岩和间歇性河流砂砾岩所构成的冲积沉积物,向上逐渐演变为沙漠湖红色泥岩,在成湖初期或湖退期发育了滨湖相风成砂岩,它们构成了一个较为典型的沙漠沉积体系。从冲积沉积到湖泊沉积构成总体向上变细的沉积相序组合。按照地层记录的旋回性进行三级沉积层序划分,将库车坳陷下白垩统划分为5个三级沉积层序即SQ1至SQ5。下白垩统的顶和底界面均为间断时间很长的区域不整合面,由它们所限定的下白垩统本身则构成一个二级构造层序,在二级构造层序内三级沉积层序常常形成有规律的叠加形式,下部的SQ1和上部的SQ5发育较多的冲积粗碎屑物,中部SQ2至SQ4则以湖泊相沉积为主。与海相地层不同,库车坳陷白垩系中由三级层序和二级层序所代表的地层记录中的中周期和长周期旋回的主要控制因素是幕式构造沉降,沉降初期由于地形高差大而以发育冲积粗碎屑物为主,均衡沉降期则与成湖期相对应从而发育较多的细粒沙漠湖沉积。以沉积物的时间演化序列和沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性入手,建立库车坳陷下白垩统的层序地层格架,在层序地层框架内,系列层序地层格架栅状图和相应的古地理图较为清晰地反映出早白垩世库车坳陷的古地理面貌,以及相应的沉积岩相古地理演变过程。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系及其动物群

笔者依据丰富翔实的资料,论述了该区第三地层的分布,区划,地层划分沿革,岩性,岩相古地理特征及地质演化史;在地层方面,首次在内蒙古西部建立了比较完整的第三纪地层序列;命名和划分了中始新统乌兰乌珠尔组,上始新统查干布拉格组。下渐新统乌兰塔塔尔组,上渐新统,下中新统乌尔较组,上中新统呼和好来组和上新统昂冈浩特组等６个地层单元,补充界定了查干布拉格组并将其时代厘定为晚始新世;在动物群方面,发现和命名了中始     

The Ust-Davydovka Formation: A paleogene reference stratigraphic unit of the Primorye region, Russian Far East

The nomenclature history of the Ust-Davydovka Formation (Lower-Middle Miocene, according to its formal status) is considered with characteristics of the geological data on its stratotype in the Rechnoi Peninsula (Vladivostok area) as well as on its position and role in the regional stratigraphic scheme. The Ust-Davydovka formation was dated as Late Eocene based on the fossil micro-and macroflora. A new correlation variant proposed for Tertiary sections in different segments of the Artem-Tavrichanka Depression (type region of the Ust-Davydovka Formation) eliminates contradictions between floral and faunal data.     

Biostratigraphy and deposition environments of the Middle-Late Miocene volcanosedimentary section in the Dzhilinda basin,Western Transbaikalia

We report results of an integrated study of volcanosedimentary rocks of the Middle-Late Miocene Dzhilinda Formation consisting of the prevolcanic sedimentary Lower Dzhilinda and volcanosedimentary Upper Dzhilinda subformations. The section was studied in three wells drilled near Lake Mukhal (Khoigot paleovalley, Vitim upland). The Dzhilinda sediments contain ubiquitous Alveolophora jouseana (Moiss.) Moiss. typical of Miocene environments. Deposition occurred in two main stages represented by different water (diatoms) and land (spores and pollen) plant communities. The upsection successive changes in diatom species are attendant with changes in pollen and spore assemblages. The K-Ar ages of lavas indicate that the mostly sedimentary lower section of the Dzhilinda Formation deposited between 12 and 14 Ma and the more volcanic upper section, with a lacustrine lens at base, formed at about 10.8–9.5 Ma. The isotope dating of volcanic rocks agrees with the ages inferred from the diatom and spore-pollen analyses. The prevolcanic Lower Dzhilinda subformation deposited during the Middle Miocene climate optimum. The stratigraphy, lithology and facies of sediments suggest that the Dzhilinda deposition was associated with the development of a deep freshwater lake in the conditions of active tectonism and volcanism.     

建场测深法在新疆布尔津盆地油铀勘探中的应用

为明确位于新疆北部的布尔津盆地的资源状况,以实际采集数据为基础,采用建场测深法成果剖面研究了该盆地的地层地质结构,并对深层油气及浅部砂岩型铀矿进行评价。通过利用已知测井电阻率曲线模拟计算不同深度的电磁信号频率响应,论证了该方法探测从浅层第三系到深部石炭系的采集参数和工作方案;在数据处理成果的基础上,结合研究区已知地层物性特征,推断沿线的地质结构,揭示了布尔津凹陷的结构及下二叠统卡拉岗组、上石炭统哈尔加乌组、上石炭统恰其海组地层的分布,认为哈尔加乌组是本区有潜力的烃源岩。同时利用电阻率及双频相位属性对研究区浅部第三系砂岩型铀成矿条件进行分析,其结果与附近已知矿点情况吻合。本文提出的方法可为类似地区进行多种矿产资源勘探提供技术参考。     

Formation and Tectonic Evolution of the Pattani Basin,Gulf of Thailand

The stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Pattani Basin, the most prolific petroleum basin in Thailand, reflects the extensional tectonic regime of continental Southeast Asia. E-W extension resulting from the northward collision of India with Eurasia since the Early Tertiary resulted in the formation of a series of N-S-trending sedimentary basins, which include the Pattani Basin. The sedimentary succession in the Pattani Basin is divisible into synrift and post-rift sequences. Deposition of the synrift sequence accompanied rifting and extension, with episodic block faulting and rapid subsidence. The synrift sequence comprises three stratigraphic units: (1) Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene alluvial-fan, braidedriver, and floodplain deposits; (2) Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene floodplain and channel deposits; and (3) a Lower Miocene regressive package consisting of marine to nonmarine sediments. Post-rift succession comprises: (1) a Lower to Middle Miocene regressive package of shallow marine sediments through floodplain and channel deposits; (2) an upper Lower Miocene transgressive sequence; and (3) an Upper Miocene to Pleistocene transgressive succession. The post-rift phase is characterized by slower subsidence and decreased sediment influx. The present-day shallow-marine condition in the Gulf of Thailand is the continuation of this latest transgressive phase.

The subsidence and thermal history of the Pattani Basin is consistent with a nonuniform lithospheric-stretching model. The amount of extension as well as surface heat flow generally increases from the margin to the basin center. The crustal stretching factor (β) varies from 1.3 at the basin margin to 2.8 in the center. The subcrustal stretching factor (5) ranges from 1.3 at the basin margin to more than 3.0 in the basin center. The stretching of the lithosphere may have extended the basement rocks by as much as 45 to 90 km and has led to passive upwelling of the aesthenosphere, resulting in high heat flow (1.9 to 2.5 Heat Flow Units [HFU]) and high geothermal gradient (45 to 60° C/km). The validity of nonuniform lithospheric stretching as a mechanism for the formation of the Pattani Basin is confirmed by the good agreement between the level of organic maturation modeled on the basis of the predicted heatflow history and measured vitrinite reflectance at various depths measured in some 30 boreholes.     

青海扎陵湖和鄂陵湖盆地第四纪河湖相地层研究

通过对扎陵湖和鄂陵湖沿岸的湖积阶地中湖相沉积的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于盆地内的第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层进行了详细的研究和划分、重新厘定了该区第四纪岩石地层单元,确立了生物地层和年代地层序列.建立了青海东南部地区第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层单位-黄河源群(QH),黄河源群是由第四系下更新统野生沟组(Qp~1γ)、中更新统鄂陵湖组(Qp~2e)、上更新统大野马岭组(Qp~3d)和全新统黑河乡组(Qhh)等4个组组成.为青藏高原湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁研究,以及第四纪地层的划分与对比等提供了新资料.     

阿尔金山脉新生代剥露历史——前陆盆地沉积记录

新疆且末县江尕勒萨依盆地位于阿尔金山脉的北西山前,其内连续沉积了中生代一新生代地层。盆地内古新统一始新统为河流相沉积;渐新统至中新统为山麓河流相灰色砾岩和棕色砂岩;上新统为山麓洪积相砾岩夹泥岩;下更新统全为砾岩层。岩性组合特征及其砂岩碎屑、砾石组分变化规律,反映出阿尔金山脉的新生代剥蚀历史：古近纪早、中期,阿尔金山脉的地形高差小,古生界双峰式火山岩首先被剥蚀;至渐新世末一中新世早期,山脉高差加大,基底元古宇开始出露地表被剥蚀;中新世末期,山脉高差进一步加大,剥蚀速率加快;至第四纪早期西域砾岩开始沉积时,地形高差加剧,中、古元古界开始暴露被剥蚀。区域资料分析表明,阿尔金山脉在新生代具有多期次阶段性隆升的特征,存在3期次快速隆升事件：渐新世末一中新世早期、中新世晚期(大约8Ma)和第四纪早期。