氮、磷、硅对条纹小环藻生长和叶绿素a含量的影响

采用单因子实验方法研究氮、磷和硅营养盐对条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)生长和叶绿素a含量的影响。结果表明:在不同磷和硅营养盐浓度下,条纹小环藻比生长率μ变化显著(P<0.05),其中,硝酸盐为0.60~0.85 d-1,硅酸盐为0.49~0.61 d-1,磷酸盐为0.46~0.51 d-1。总体而言,在一定的营养盐浓度范围内,条纹小环藻的最大藻细胞密度Nmax随着氮、磷和硅营养盐浓度的增加而增大;条纹小环藻叶绿素a(Chl a)含量亦随着氮、硅浓度的增加,与Nmax增加趋势一致,但随着磷浓度的增加Chl a先增加后减小,与Nmax不一致。条纹小环藻的主要限制营养元素是氮和硅,而磷可能不会成为其短期培养的限制因子。     

温度、盐度和照度对北方娄氏藻生长和叶绿素a含量的影响

通过单因子与正交实验研究不同温度、盐度和照度对北方娄氏藻(Lauderia borealis)生长和叶绿素a含量的影响。结果表明:不同温度、盐度和照度对北方娄氏藻的比增长率μ和叶绿素a含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。当温度为20~30℃,盐度为25~35,照度为2 500~3 500 lx时,北方娄氏藻比增长率较大,叶绿素a含量较高,适宜北方娄氏藻的生长。温度和盐度分别是影响北方娄氏藻生长速率和叶绿素a含量的最主要因素,温度25℃、盐度35、照度2 500~3 000 lx是北方娄氏藻生长的最优组合条件。     

鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻生长的影响

在室内条件下，通过单因子实验和正交实验的方法，研究了鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻（Cyclotella sp．）种群生长的影响。结果表明，350mL的培养体积下，当鱼汁添加量为20mL时，小环藻生长效果最好，相对生长率（K）较对照组升高了33．3％，平均倍增时间（G）降低了34．9％，但随着浓度升高，藻细胞开始出现死亡。海泥抽出液添加量为20mL时，K值最大，较对照组增加35．6％，G值下降了25．15％。人尿添加量为10mL时，K值最大，较对照组增加17．9％，G值下降了15．77％。统计分析表明，鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻实验种群的生长均有极显著影响。海泥抽出液对小环藻影响大，其次是鱼汁和人尿。正交实验表明，在鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿的添加量分别为2．5、15．0和1．0mL的组合实验组，小环藻的生长效果最好。     

鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻生长的影响

在室内条件下,通过单因子实验和正交实验的方法,研究了鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)种群生长的影响。结果表明,350 mL的培养体积下,当鱼汁添加量为2~3 mL时,小环藻生长效果最好,相对生长率(K)较对照组升高了33.3%,平均倍增时间(G)降低了34.9%,但随着浓度升高,藻细胞开始出现死亡。海泥抽出液添加量为20 mL时,K值最大,较对照组增加35.6%,G值下降了25.15%。人尿添加量为10 mL时,K值最大,较对照组增加17.9%,G值下降了15.77%。统计分析表明,鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿对小环藻实验种群的生长均有极显著影响。海泥抽出液对小环藻影响大,其次是鱼汁和人尿。正交实验表明,在鱼汁、海泥抽出液和人尿的添加量分别为2.5、15.0和1.0 mL的组合实验组,小环藻的生长效果最好。     

4种微量金属元素对绿色巴夫藻生长、叶绿素a及大小的影响

把 4种微量金属离子以不同的浓度添加到绿色巴夫藻的培养液中 ,结果表明 :Hg2 +和Pb2 +浓度分别在 5μg/L和 2 0 0 μg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有较好的促进作用 ,同时也使叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Hg2 +≥ 2 0 μg/L时 ,绿色巴夫藻的生长受到抑制 ,叶绿素a的含量降低。Pb2 +所有的试验浓度都使绿色巴夫藻生长加快 ,叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Co2 +在 1μg/L时对绿色巴夫藻的生长有最好的促进效果 ,但当Co2 +≥ 5μg/L时 ,开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,而Co2 +所有的试验浓度都使叶绿素a的含量降低 ;Mn2 +浓度在 10 0 μg/L时 ,对促进绿色巴夫藻生长的效果最佳 ,4 0 0 μg/L的浓度开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,但所有Mn2 +的试验浓度对叶绿素a含量的变化影响不显著。 4种微量金属元素都使绿色巴夫藻略微变小。     

4种微量金属元素对绿色巴夫藻生长、叶绿素a及大小的影响

把4种微量金属离子以不同的浓度添加到绿色巴夫藻的培养液中，结果表明：Hg^2 和Pb^2 浓度分别在5μg/L和200μg/L时，对绿色巴夫藻的生长有较好的促进作用，同时也使叶绿素a的含量提高；Hg^2≥20μg/L时，绿色巴夫藻的生长受到抑制，叶绿素a的含量降低。Pb^2 所有的试验浓度都使绿色巴夫藻生长加快，叶绿素a的含量提高；C0^2 在1μg/L时对绿色巴夫藻的生长有最好的促进效果，但当C0^2 ≥5μg/L时，开始对生长出现抑制作用，而C0^2 所有的试验浓度都使叶绿素a的含量降低；Mn^2 浓度在100μg/L时，对促进绿色巴夫藻生长的效果最佳，400μg/L的浓度开始对生长出现抑制作用，但所有Mn^2 的试验浓度对叶绿素a含量的变化影响不显著。4种微量金属元素都使绿色巴夫藻略微变小。     

不同环境条件下无菌和自然带菌波吉卵囊藻生长的比较

比较不同温度、光照及海水相对密度条件下无菌与自然带菌波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)生长的差异。结果表明:在20℃时,无菌藻的比增长率(μ)和叶绿素a(Chla)含量分别为0.398d-1和0.117mg/L,均显著高于带菌藻(P<0.05),在28和35℃时,无菌藻和带菌藻生长无显著性差异(P>0.05);在照度为16μmol·m-2·s-1时,无菌藻平均比增长率μ和Chla含量分别为0.345d-1和0.123mg/L,均显著高于带菌藻(P<0.05),在照度为39和88μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,无菌藻和带菌藻生长无显著性差异(P>0.05);在海水密度为1.007、1.020和1.030g/mL时,无菌藻和带菌藻的生长均无显著性差异(P>0.05),μ和Chla含量分别为0.325～0.374d-1和0.085～0.133mg/L。     

台风对中国东南海域叶绿素a浓度影响的遥感研究

通过对台风过境前后近一个月的MODIS卫星3A级叶绿素a浓度及海表温度数据的比较与分析,发现海表温度,海表叶绿素a浓度均受到较大的影响,其中海表温度平均下降2~3℃,最高下降近10℃;同时叶绿素a浓度在湛江、阳江海域升高约1.43倍,在东海海域平均升高2.44倍,最高可达9.75倍,并且叶绿素a浓度增长有一个约3~5 d的延迟效应。由此可见,利用卫星遥感资料监测台风对海洋叶绿素a浓度、海表表温度等环境参数的变化有应用前景。     

Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长、铁含量和生理特性的影响

【目的】探索两种无机铁对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)的生长、铁含量及生理特性的影响。【方法】分别以三氯化铁(FeCl_3)和硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)作为铁源,采用单因素实验方法,研究在不同浓度Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长、光合色素含量、铁含量、两种过氧化酶(CAT、T-SOD)活性,以及总蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量。【结果】在水体中无论是添加Fe~(2+)还是Fe~(3+),藻体的特定生长率(SGR)、光合色素含量、铁含量、过氧化物酶活性和维生素C含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。藻体的铁含量随着培养液中铁离子浓度的升高而增加,以Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)处理后,藻体铁最高值分别可达到1 522.54μg/g和1 373.93μg/g,增幅为1 369.34%和1 225.92%;藻体维生素C最高质量分数分别可达15.41μg/mg和12.89μg/mg,增幅为107.56%和73.58%。Fe~(2+)实验组对藻体的可溶性糖含量有显著影响(P <0.05)。实验藻体的总蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。【结论】藻体在3 mg/L Fe~(2+)或者6 mg/L Fe~(3+)的条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻生长最佳,其营养品质可得以改善。     

小球藻生长与温度、盐度关系模型的建立与优化

以小球藻（Chlorella sp. CHX-1）为实验材料,采用外切中心复合设计试验法（CCC）研究了温度（16～34 ℃）和盐度（15～45）对小球藻生长的联合效应.结果表明：温度与盐度的-次、二次效应对小球藻比生长速率都有极显著影响（P 〈 0.01）,温度、盐度之间的互作效应对小球藻比生长速率影响显著（P 〈 0.05）,温度的效应大于盐度的效应.响应曲面法分析发现,随着温度和盐度的升高,小球藻的比生长速率呈先上升后下降的趋势.建立小球藻生长与温度、盐度的回归模型方程,该模型的决定系数0.991 7,矫正决定系数0.985 8,表明模型的拟合度极高;模型的预测决定系数0.949 8,可用于预测小球藻比生长速率的变化.通过模型优化和验证实验,得到在温度、盐度组合为25.9 ℃/28.4 时,小球藻比生长速率达到最大值0.652,满意度为0.981.     

Life cycle and secondary production of two mayflies <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptophlebia</Emphasis> sp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephemera</Emphasis> sp. in Heizhuchong stream,Hubei, China

From June 2003 to June 2004, an investigation on the life cycle, production and trophic basis of dominant species of macrozoobenthos community in a second-order river of the Hanjiang River basin, Hubei, China was carded out. The results showed that the dominant species Leptophlebia sp. and Ephemera sp. appeared to develop two generations per year, and there was a small overlap in the two generations of both species. The pupation of Leptophlebia sp. mainly occurred in autumn and winter, while pupation of Ephemera sp. mainly took place in summer and winter. The standing stocks of the Leptophlebia sp. population and Ephemera sp. population had two peaks in a year. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Leptophlebia sp. population estimated by size frequency method were 19.018 1 g/m^2.a and 5.7 respectively, while its annual production and P/B ratio were 38.036 2 g/m^2.a and 11.4. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Ephemera sp. population were 38.015 9 g/m^2.a and 5.9, while its annual production and P/B ratio were 76.031 8 g/m^2.a and 11.8.     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthesjaponica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures （17, 20, 23, 26 and 29℃） were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate （SGR）, increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency （FCE） and apparent digestive rate （ADR）. However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expenditure terms （respiration energy and excretion energy） in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthes japonica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

Effects of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.