共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
采用辽宁沿海地区淤泥质软土对铁、铜、铝和新型复合电极等不同电极材料进行室内电渗排水固结试验,从有效电势、电流、排水量与排水速率、能耗、电渗后土体含水率和承载力等对电渗效果进行分析。新型复合电极材料是由碳纤维、塑料排水板与铁片组成,其充分利用各种材料的优点,既解决了铁与碳纤维直接相连通电后易断的问题,又解决了电极腐蚀严重的问题。多组试验结果表明:新型复合电极材料的电渗排水固结使土体的加固强度提升较高,且相对均匀,加固强度达到160 kPa以上的土体面积占加固总面积的75%,说明新型复合电极材料的优越性。金属电极的腐蚀较为严重,且主要发生在阳极。根据电渗后阳极的腐蚀比,新型复合电极的腐蚀量明显低于金属电极,且新型复合电极可提高加固效果,节约电极材料成本。 相似文献
2.
颗粒物质是大量固体颗粒体系的集合体,其特性区别于普通固体和液体等物质的性质,颗粒物质基础力学问题的研究20年来一直是科学的前沿,从分析多尺度结构和相关物理机制的角度研究颗粒物质可能取得突破。首先介绍了微观尺度--亦即单颗粒尺度颗粒间接触力的检测方法,包括高精度电子天平称重法、显色灵敏复写纸压痕方法、光弹实验方法、荧光共聚焦显微镜法和磁共振弹性成像法等,根据检测过程中是否对颗粒带来影响划分为接触式检测和非接触式检测两大类,并对这些方法的工作原理、检测结果和优缺点进行了评述。我们指出接触式测量对颗粒体系带来了或多或少的干扰,特别是由于力链对局部力的变化反应极为敏感,轻微的变化足以使得力链结构发生很大变化,开展无干扰的光测实验是必然的发展趋势,而现阶段开展二维光弹性实验是很有意义的。最后介绍了作者正在进行的颗粒物质光弹力学实验的研究工作。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
The main focus in this work is on modeling of mechanical response of granular materials that display inherent anisotropy. Both the experimental and numerical investigations are described. First, the results of direct shear as well as drained/undrained triaxial tests that involve crushed limestone with elongated angular‐shaped particles are reviewed. Afterward, a mathematical framework is presented for modeling of elastic/ inelastic deformation that incorporates the multi‐laminate approach. The deformation is monitored on a set of randomly oriented planes, and the formulation incorporates the thickness of the shear band that is associated with sliding/separation process. A systematic procedure for identification of material functions/ parameters is outlined that is based on the results of direct shear tests, and the framework is later applied to simulate the behavior under triaxial conditions. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the experimental data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Combined effects of matrix plastic compressibility and void shape are investigated for ductile porous materials. To this end, a spheroidal volume containing a confocal spheroidal (prolate or oblate) void subjected to uniform strain rate boundary conditions has been first studied. A Green type matrix is chosen as a prototype for investigating effects of plastic compressibility. This is carried out by using a kinematics limit analysis theory from which a closed‐form expression of the macroscopic criterion is established for the considered class of materials. These results are then extended to ductile porous materials made up of a green matrix containing randomly oriented spheroidal voids. In the framework of a two‐step homogenization procedure, the obtained results are implemented to describe the macroscopic behavior of double porous materials involving spherical voids at the microscale and randomly oriented and distributed spheroidal voids at the mesoscale. For validation purpose, the new derived criteria are assessed and validated by comparing their predictions to available upper bounds and numerical data from literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Jiang Xiangang Huang Jiahua Wei Yunwei Niu Zhipan Chen Fenghui Zou Zuyin Zhu Zhanyuan 《Landslides》2018,15(2):243-255
In this study, a series of natural dam overtopping laboratory tests are reported. In these tests, the effect of seven different sediment mixtures on the breaching process was investigated. According to the test results, three stages of the breaching process of natural dams made of different materials were observed. Backward erosion was the primary cause for the incising slopes. The effects of backward erosion became stronger with the larger fines contents of the materials. With an increase in the median diameter (d 50) of particles, the breaching time became longer. However, the peak discharge became smaller. With an increase in the fines contents (p), the median diameter of the particles and the void ratio were changed, which resulted in a decrease in the breaching time and an increase in the peak discharge. The breaching time and peak discharge were more sensitive to the median diameter than to the fines contents. The relation between breach width and depth was found to follow a logistic function \( W\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em \frac{\zeta }{1\kern0.5em +\kern0.5em {e}^{\left(-k\left(D\kern0.5em -\kern0.5em {D}_0\right)\right)}} \). The parameters ζ, k, and D 0 are defined by a linear relationship with the median diameter and fines content. A breach of the side slope occurred as a tensile failure when the fines contents of the materials were large; otherwise, shear failure occurred. Furthermore, when the materials had fewer fines contents, the volume of the collapsed breach side slope became larger. 相似文献
9.
10.
《岩土力学》2017,(12):3524-3531
为了更好地描述岩石材料在多种复杂应力作用下的强度状态,在已提出的双T~2强度理论基础上,建立了一种新的非线性三参数强度准则。通过与Westerly花岗岩等5种岩石材料试验数据的比较,对准则在σ_1=σ_2σ_3,σ_1σ_2=σ_3,σ_3=0、σ_10、σ_20,σ_30和σ-τ 5种复杂应力状态下的合理性和适用性进行了讨论。研究表明:待定系数A、B、C可通过简单的试验确定且具有明确的物理意义;不同岩石材料的极限应力比α和β对应不同的强度理论;非线性三参数强度准则的π平面迹线介于单剪强度理论和Mises准则、双剪强度理论之间,符合各向同性材料屈服面三轴对称和外凸的公设;理论预测曲线可反映岩石材料中主应力效应的区间性与静水压力效应,并与多种岩石材料在复杂应力状态下的强度变化趋势基本吻合。 相似文献
11.
当前生态水文过程对水环境影响的国内外研究主要包括生态水文过程的形成、基于生态水文格局分析的生态需水研究、流域尺度上生态水文过程对水文、水质和水生态的影响以及理论、方法与模型研究;但这些研究尚未过渡到生态水文过程的揭示上来,我国的生态水文学研究尤为薄弱。未来生态水文过程与水环境安全调控研究中的主要议题包括:①生态水文过程形成、演化及驱动机制分析;②基于生态水文过程的生态需水时空分异;③流域生态水文过程对地表水水质分异的影响;④流域生态水文过程与水的生态空间变化;⑤近海陆域生态水文过程与近海水质调控;⑥基于现代地理信息技术的生态水文模型研究;⑦基于水环境安全的生态水文决策与管理研究。 相似文献
12.
冻土是全球中高纬地区和高山地带普遍存在的自然现象,它对全球以及区域性气候、水循环、水平衡等都有着巨大的影响,土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程正是这种影响的重要环节,介绍了土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的研究现状,特别是在大气环流模型(GCM)中引入水文陆面模型以来陆面过程研究的迅猛发展,对现在国际上正在进行的考虑冻土的陆面过程研究项目,如陆面过程参数化比较计划的第二阶段第五期PILPS(2E)以及美国NASA的寒区陆面过程实地试验计划也进行了介绍,并在此基础上对土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的发展趋势进行了分析. 相似文献
13.
为研究温度和湿度对生土力学特性的影响,自主研发了温、湿控制生土三轴试验装置。基于常规三轴压力室,借助电涡流非接触位移传感器搭建高精度变形测试系统,实现环境变化下生土应变的连续性捕捉。针对法国里昂地区生土材料,开展不同湿度、围压和温度作用下生土三轴循环加载-卸载试验,实测生土在不同工况下的三轴剪切破坏强度、应力-应变曲线及体积变化,通过分析滞回曲线,研究弹性模量和残余应变随应力水平的演化特征;同时进行了变湿度条件下生土气态水迁移效应试验。结果表明:该装置能够稳定控制生土环境变化条件,模拟再现生土单元体实际服役工况,精确测量试验过程中生土力学指标及湿度、温度与压力等环境指标,初步检验了装置性能的可靠性和准确性。相关成果可为荷载-湿-热耦合作用下非饱和生土变形机制的研究与本构模型的建立提供技术支撑。 相似文献
14.
弱透水层释水,污染物迁移转化及高危废物深埋选址等水文地质和工程地质活动中,孔隙溶液的地球化学行为越来越受到重视。但孔隙溶液提取技术研究发展相对缓慢。介绍了目前应用较多的孔隙溶液提取技术,及其应用局限性与适用条件。综述了孔隙溶液在地球化学、土壤学、环境地质及水文地质学中的应用现状,并提出在地下水越流计算,弱透水-含水系统相互作用,地下水年龄问题研究上,孔隙溶液的测试分析具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
15.
16.
图像处理技术在地质灾害监测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三维激光微位移监测技术是一种对地质灾害进行长期监测的新方法。该技术用激光作为光源,用CCD摄像器作为镜头,通过图象采集卡把视频信号采入计算机中,用与该仪器配套的专门软件对采集到的光斑图像进行处理,计算出光斑的三维中心坐标值,把该值和原点坐标值进行比较,就可以算出灾害体滑动的距离。该系统可以对灾害体进行长期、非接触监测,监测时间、监测频率可以任意设定。文章概括介绍该监测的原理,各个组成部分,重点介绍软件部分,即采集的视频信号进入计算机后的图像处理过程和数据库结构。该监测系统已在三块地区试运行了3个月,效果较好。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Irfan Celal Engin 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):5043-5054
The process of giving an antique look, a worn and “old” appearance, to natural stone surfaces, which can be observed by abrasion in natural ways through a long time, is called artificial aging. Natural stone processing facilities that involve mass production usually prefer vibration aging machines. This study examines the utilization of various rock aggregates and abrasive residuals instead of synthetic abrasives used in aging machines. Natural stone samples with different properties were aged in a vibration aging machine using andesite, granite, sandstone, pebble stone, abrasive stone residuals, and ceramic abrasives. At the end of the study, the aging performance of different rocks was determined; granite was found to be the most effective. Rock aggregates were ranked in terms of their abrasiveness (aging) performance, from the most effective to the least effective as: granite, ceramic abrasive, sandstone, andesite, pebble stone, and abrasive stone residuals. It was observed that rock aggregates can be used in the aging process instead of synthetic ceramic abrasives, with desired performance. 相似文献
20.
随着寒区工程高等级化和变形限制要求的进一步严格化,冻胀问题已经成为寒区工程建设考虑的关键问题。造成冻胀的原因在于外界水分迁移冻结并形成冰透镜体,因此,深入认识冰透镜体形成问题对解决实际工程中的冻害问题具有重要的意义。由于冰透镜体的形成受控于土体破裂驱动力,因此,深入开展冻结过程中的土体破裂驱动力研究对阐明冰透镜体的生长机理以及解决工程冻胀问题具有重要的指导意义。通过对国内外在土体冻结过程中的土体破裂驱动力方面的研究进行综合评述,指出各研究结果之间的异同点。基于各研究结果的相同点,分析了目前土体破裂驱动力研究中存在的不足,并提出了今后研究发展的方向。 相似文献