MPV-3显微光度计在宝石学中的应用

简述ＭＰＶ－３显微光度计的特点,阐述了有色宝石颜色评价的理论基础和方法,以四川平武无色绿柱石,山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色评价和改色实验效果评价以及不同成因的天然红工 光性研究为例,论述了ＭＰＶ３显微光度计在宝石颜色评价、改色效果判定、红宝石定名和品种鉴别等方面的应用。     

绿柱石的辐照赋色与效应

利用电子加速器为辐照源，对四川，新疆等产的无色绿柱石进行了辐照改色处理。在改色实验中，对辐照源的输出功率，电子能量，扫描面积，扫描速度，辐照剂量等参数，及辐照后样品的辐照效应，环境适应性，时效考验等特性进行了较系统的实验研究，并拟定出一套适合不同成因的无色绿柱石辐照改色的优选方案，对绿柱石的辐照机制和应效进行了探讨。     

云南某地红宝石矿床地质特征

云南某地红宝石矿床，是国内首次发现且唯一具有开发利用价值的大理岩型红宝石矿床。大理岩型红宝石矿床是变质红宝石矿床的重要工业类型，是目前世界上优质饰用红宝石的主要来源。世界上该类型红宝石矿床（点）为数不多，而且集中分布在环绕南亚次大陆北缘的阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅褶皱带。云南某地红宝石矿床则赋存于扬于地块西缘的陆内造山带。因此，该矿床的被发现，可能揭示了一条新的宝石成矿带。红宝石大理岩产于古老的动热变质带的变质杂岩中，变质强度为低角闪岩相。矿体赋存在相对远离强应变带的构造位置。含矿母岩具有富铝贫硅、钙高镁低、铝碱化值大的地球化学特征。     

新疆绿宝石的改色工艺研究

新疆绿宝石的改色工艺研究何金明汪立今（中国科学院新疆物理所，乌鲁木齐８３００１１）（新疆工学院地质系，乌鲁木齐８３０００８）关键词绿宝石改色新疆近年来，宝石改色方法及最佳工艺条件研究受到极大关注。我们对新疆绿宝石进行了大量的改色工艺研究，收到了良好效...     

福建省永定县大排铅锌矿的找矿思路创新和突破

福建永定县大排矿区是历经多次地质工作的老矿区,之前仅作为一个小锰矿在开采。本项目成功运用新理论正确指导找矿、运用新方法实施找矿,发现并基本查明该矿为一以铅锌矿为主,并共、伴生铁矿、铜矿、钼矿、银矿、锰矿等多种矿产的大型多金属矿床,矿种为浅部铅锌多金属矿经铜多金属至深部磁铁矿,成因类型为层控-矽卡岩型→层控-热液叠加改造型,该矿床的发现进一步丰富了区域矿床成因理论,拓展了区域找矿思路。     

明溪蓝刚玉的水热溶液改色实验初步研究

明溪蓝刚中Fe主要以Fe^3 形式存在，Fe^3 的d-d电子跃迁和Fe^2 -Ti^4 /Fe^3 -Ti^3 、O^2-Fe^3 间电荷转移是致色的主要因素；浓度差可以作为扩散动力；氢含量的提高可以促进蓝色致因子的形成。采用高温高压水溶液方法对蓝刚玉进行改色处理，可消除刚玉中的杂色调，使颜色向纯蓝色方向变化。     

冀东某地原生红刚玉矿床地质特征

冀东某地原生刚玉矿床具有埋藏浅,刚玉个体大、微红至暗红色、半透明至不透明等特点,经人工改善可生产低档红宝石。本文主要介绍该矿床的刚玉形态特征、物理性质、晶体结构、包裹体特征及矿床形成的地质条件。研究认为,本矿床应属深熔型混合岩化作用成因,即“混合岩型”刚玉矿床。     

山东蓝宝石的呈色机制

本文采用电子探针、顺磁共振、吸收光谱等手段,着重研究了山东蓝宝石的吸收光谱特征,讨论了它的呈色机制,并简单论述了其改色的可能性。20000～10000cm~(-1)范围内的电荷转移跃迁是造成蓝宝石不同色调和颜色的主要原因,Fe~(2+)-Ti~(4+)、Fe~(2+)-Fe~(3+)、Fe~(3+)及O~(2-)-Fe~(3+)等吸收峰(带)的强弱和相对强弱决定了蓝宝石的具体颜色。如何协调这几个吸收峰的吸收强度是蓝宝石改色的关键。     

卡拉哈里锰矿田的火山—喷气成因

过去对该矿田的成因有过不少讨论，但多为非火山成因模式，这里介绍一个火山喷气模式。     

蓝色刚玉的致色改色理论分析

蓝色刚玉的致色改色理论分析常晓涛郑辙郑海飞（北京大学地质学系，北京１００８７１）关键词蓝宝石致色机理改色实验本文立足于原有蓝宝石的致色改色理论，通过实验及计算，对蓝宝石改色致色进行了基础性的理论研究，提出了杂质离子缺陷致色新认识，并以这一认识为原理，...     

Ruby Occurrences in Turkey: Principle Characteristics

The G ksun Ophiolites in Do an ehir area (Malatya-Southern Turkey) contain corundum mineralizations with significant gem-quality (ruby). Modal mineralogical composition of ruby-bearing rocks consists of hornblende (65%-70 %), plagioclase (20%-25%), green garnet (4%-5 %), ruby (2%-3%), and opaque minerals (<1%). Although ruby shows varying colors in the groundmass, it is generally colorless and rarely very pale pink and has high relief. It has no cleavage but rotund fractures. It has highest interference colors and twinning in some poly-prismatic crystals under the microscope. Crystal sizes range from 2x10 mm up to 30x50 mm. The most remarkable properties are red to pink in color, low to medium transparency, medium to big crystal sizes, lamellar and deformation twinning, secondary liquid feathers, hollow tubes, mineral inclusions, asterism, high birefringence and refractive indices and specific gravity. Rubies show crimson red cathodoluminescence colors activated by Cr3+ in the crystal structure, which is confirmed by the Electron Probe Microanalyses (EPMA). Tectonic setting, geological environment, petrographical, mineralogical, geochemical and gemological characteristics of rubies suggest that the Do an ehir ruby mineralization can be classified into the amphibolite-hosted type of corundum deposits of Tanzania.     

缅甸 Mong Hsu 红宝石的颜色成因

摘 要 Mong Hsu 红宝石原石具有独特的暗蓝至紫色的核心色带‚即黑心。这种黑心可以借 助热处理法加以去除‚从而改善其颜色。通过对 Mong Hsu 红宝石化学成分及可见光谱的研 究‚阐明了其颜色成因与化学成分的关系‚分析了蓝紫色调的形成机理‚这些均为红宝石的 热处理提供了理论依据。     

Ruby–sapphire–spinel mineralization in marble of the middle and southern Urals: Geology,mineralogy, and genesis

Ruby and spinel occurrences hosted in marble on the eastern slope of the Urals are considered. Ruby- and spinel-bearing marble is a specific rock in granite-gneiss complexes of the East Ural Megazone, which formed at the Late Paleozoic collision stage of the evolution of the Urals. Organogenic marine limestone is the protolith of the marble. No relict sedimentary bedding has been retained in the marble. The observed banding is a secondary phenomenon related to crystallization and is controlled by flow cleavage. Magnesian metasomatism of limestone with the formation of fine-grained dolomite enriched in Cr, V, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, and REE took place at the prograde stage of metamorphism. Dedolomitization of rocks with the formation of background calcite marble also developed at the prograde stage. Mg-calcite marble with spinel and ruby of the first type formed in the metamorphic fluid circulation zone. Magnesian metasomatism with the formation of bicarbonate marble with ruby, pink sapphire, and spinel of the second type developed at the early retrograde stage. The formation of mica-bearing mineralized zones with corundum and spinel of the third type controlled by cleavage fractures is related to the pneumatolytic–hydrothermal stage. The data on ruby-bearing marble in the Urals may be used for forecasting and prospecting of ruby and sapphire deposits hosted in marble worldwide.     

湖南姑婆山锡矿田地质特征及找矿前景

姑婆山锡矿田原生锡矿床的成因类型有构造蚀变带型、构造蚀变岩一矽卡岩复合型和接触带矽卡岩型3种。通过对各类锡矿成矿地质条件、控矿因素和成矿规律的分析与总结，认为岩浆岩是控制各类型锡矿形成和分布的首要条件，区域性NE至SN向断裂(F1、F2)为导矿、控矿构造，其旁侧的次级断裂及岩体与地层的接触带为容矿构造；提出矿田西部和北部具有良好的找矿前景。     

湖南骑田岭芙蓉矿田锡矿地质特征及控矿因素初步分析

湖南骑田岭芙蓉矿田是近几年发现的超大型规模的锡多金属矿田，目前 已发现锡矿脉（体）40多条，锡矿类型有构造蚀变带型、蚀变岩体型、云英岩型、斑岩型、夕卡岩型、石英脉型、冲积型等多种。该矿田可划分为白腊水－安源、黑山里－麻子坪、山门口－狗头岭3个北东向锡矿带。本文在介绍矿田地质背景的基础上，对矿田锡矿地质特征进行了初步总结，对其控矿因素进行了初步分析，认为该区可望成为世界级锡矿资源基地。     

刚玉宝石矿物

文章简介丁刚玉族宝石矿物的化学成分、物理性质及产状;描述了红宝石、蓝宝石、粉蓝宝石、黄蓝宝石、绿蓝宝石、无色蓝宝石和星光宝石的特征、真伪鉴别方法及市场行情。     

相山矿田低温热水及其与铀矿化关系

从矿田现代温热水入手，运用水文地球化学、同位素水文地质等手段，结合地热基础理论与方法，剖析了典型矿床地温特征，对温热水的补给源、热源进行了研究；结合铀成矿机理分析，探讨了热水与铀成矿作用的关系．认为相山矿田温热水属隆起断裂型热水，大气降水为温热水的主要补给源，地下水深循环及放射性生热为温热水获得热量的主要途径，热水活动对铀成矿作出了重要贡献，铀源主要来自水-岩作用，形成了受基底构造和火山盖层构造联合控制的地温高场、温热水及铀矿化于一体的空间组合．     

黑龙江红蓝宝石的矿物学特征

在黑龙江红蓝宝石物理性质、光学性质和化学成分研究基础上 ,对红蓝宝石致色因素进行了初步探讨 ,认为黑龙江红蓝宝石按颜色可以划分为红色、蓝色两个系列共 12种颜色 ,其物理性质、光学性质和化学成分具有明显区别。波谱分析表明 ,红色宝石的颜色由铬、镍、铁致色元素引起 ,蓝色宝石的颜色由铁、钛致色元素引起 ,其颜色浓淡和色调变化的主要原因在于铁的含量和Fe3 /Fe2 比值     

Vanadium-rich ruby and sapphire within Mogok Gemfield,Myanmar: implications for gem color and genesis

Rubies and sapphires are of both scientific and commercial interest. These gemstones are corundum colored by transition elements within the alumina crystal lattice: Cr³⁺ yields red in ruby and Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Ti⁴⁺ ionic interactions color sapphires. A minor ion, V³⁺ induces slate to purple colors and color change in some sapphires, but its role in coloring rubies remains enigmatic. Trace element and oxygen isotope composition provide genetic signatures for natural corundum and assist geographic typing. Here, we show that V can dominate chromophore contents in Mogok ruby suites. This raises implications for their color quality, enhancement treatments, geographic origin, exploration and exploitation and their comparison with rubies elsewhere. Precise LA-ICP-MS analysis of ruby and sapphire from Mogok placer and in situ deposits reveal that V can exceed 5,000 ppm, giving V/Cr, V/Fe and V/Ti ratios up to 26, 78, and 97 respectively. Such values significantly exceed those found elsewhere suggesting a localized geological control on V-rich ruby distribution. Our results demonstrate that detailed geochemical studies of ruby suites reveal that V is a potential ruby tracer, encourage comparisons of V/Cr-variation between ruby suites and widen the scope for geographic typing and genesis of ruby. This will allow more precise comparison of Asian and other ruby fields and assist confirmation of Mogok sources for rubies in historical and contemporary gems and jewelry.