油藏多相渗流的面向对象有限元程序设计

近年来,面向对象的编程技术越来越受到人们的重视,并用来解决和模拟各种物理问题和工程问题,特别是在有限元方法编程和模拟中得到了广泛地应用。介绍了面向对象的程序设计方法和它与有限元程序相结合的原理和优点。在此基础上提出了面向对象有限元方法在油藏多相渗流中的应用实例,并按照面向对象的程序设计方法,基于Windows XP平台采用Visual C++.NET语言,建立了有关描述多相渗流的有限元模型的类,给出了类的描述和它的实现方法。建立的相关类及其实现方法主要包括处理矩阵计算的类、节点类、单元类、材料类、形函数类等。据此编制了油藏多相渗流的有限元分析的数值计算程序,并给出了一个数值实例。     

裂隙岩体渗流场分析及其三维有限元程序设计

针对水工建筑物裂隙岩基渗流场计算,采用双重介质解法编制了三维有限元裂隙渗流计算程序,用水量交换项耦合主干裂隙网络及裂隙岩块,自由面位置的确定使用自由面虚点法迭代逼近,得到了合理的计算结果。计算使用ANSYS建立渗流模型并剖分网格,相应的前处理子程序降低了裂隙渗流计算的复杂性,提高了裂隙渗流理论计算方法的可用性。     

考虑饱和-非饱和渗流、温度和应力耦合的三维有限元程序研制

在探索多场耦合理论基础上,研制出了一个考虑饱和-非饱和渗流场和温度场对应力场作用的三维弹塑性有限元程序,该程序采用了以下简化假设：不考虑力学过程和渗流过程对温度场产生的影响,而只考虑变温对力学过程产生的影响;不考虑力学过程和温度场对渗流场产生的影响,而只考虑渗流场对力学过程产生的影响。经与弹性力学解析解对比,验证了该程序计算结果是合理的。     

心墙堆石坝应力状态对渗流场影响的有限元分析

一般对土石坝进行渗流分析时都未考虑坝体的应力场对渗流场的影响。然而,在土石坝的蓄水过程中,坝体内的应力状态复杂且变化大,对渗流场的影响也较大。因此,忽略应力场对渗流场的影响必然造成一定的误差。用有限元方法对心墙堆石坝体蓄水过程中考虑和不考虑应力场影响的渗流场进行对比分析,计算结果表明,渗流-应力耦合作用下坝体局部压密变形,渗透流速减小,心墙下游出逸区域的水力坡降峰值明显高于非耦合值。因此,渗流分析时有必要考虑应力场的影响,否则会得出偏于危险且对工程不利的结果     

动态预测油藏有效应力的三维弹塑性有限元模型

本文根据油藏应力与渗流相互作用的耦合机理,建立了一个用于油藏有效应力动态预测的三维弹塑性模型。该模型强调了油藏在注采交变载荷作用下应力与渗流的力学耦合效应,以及油藏岩石弹塑性变形的力学特性,并采用弹塑性增量有限元法求解,最后给出了算例.      

二维各向异性岩土介质中渗流分析的等参有限元方法

为了建筑环境的保护,软土地区基坑围护中的坑内降水与坑外水位保持常是一对矛盾的课题.而坑内外的水位差,极易形成止水结构两侧的渗流运动.对饱和各向异性、水平延伸、厚度大致相等、且存在一、二类边界时的承压含水层中的承压水二维非稳定流渗流问题,本文推导出了二维、各向异性渗流等参有限元方程,用以进行基坑围护止水结构附近渗流场分析,并给出了算例.     

渗流场分析及其在多孔介质中的应用

本文讨论了复杂地质环境中渗流场的反分析问题，利用地下水流数值模拟结合最优化技术，通过对地下渗流场的模拟和寻优，求得描述地下含水介质非稳定渗流场的重要参数－－渗透系数和给水度的模型解，并应用于各向同性的多孔介质渗流场反分析实例中。     

重力坝应力-渗流相互作用的无单元耦合分析

应用两场交叉迭代解耦技术,建立了应力-渗流相互作用的无单元耦合分析计算模型。详细分析了东方红重力坝在不计应力-渗流耦合和考虑应力-渗流耦合两种情况下,正常蓄水时坝体的位移、应力和渗流位势分布的变化规律。分析表明,考虑耦合作用后,坝体的位移略小,但分布规律一致;坝体的水平正应力分布不同,垂直正应力变化较大,但分布规律一致;耦合作用条件下渗流对重力坝坝体应力的影响是不利的。计算成果符合一般规律。     

越江隧道施工过程的渗流-应力耦合分析

隧道开挖和由开挖引起的地下水渗流引起围岩应力重新分布,对隧道围岩的稳定性有重要的影响。本文把隧道开挖过程与渗流场边界的变化紧密联系起来,根据渗流场边界建立了合理的三维有限元分析模型,对规划完成的某越江隧道开挖过程的水-力耦合效应进行了研究,建立了稳定流条件下渗流-应力耦合的基本方程,分析了孔隙水压力随隧道开挖过程的变化规律和水力耦合对围岩位移、应力及支护结构应力的影响程度。数值计算结果表明,渗透系数大的岩层渗流速度和位移受渗流的影响较大,渗流使隧道围岩的位移和应力及支护结构的应力都有较大的增加,水下隧道的设计和施工应该考虑渗流效应。     

裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合等效渗流阻模型

针对含区域主干裂隙岩体在应力作用下的渗透特性进行了研究。运用单裂隙平行板渗流理论、弹性力学方法,结合模拟电路知识,提出等效渗流阻的概念。在分析裂隙岩体区域中主干裂隙系统几何构造的基础上,建立了基于等效渗流阻的- 渗流-应力耦合模型,得到了裂隙岩体等效渗流阻、渗透率与应力之间的关系,从而为研究含区域主干裂隙岩体的应力-渗流耦合规律提供了方便。结合一个基于等效渗流阻模型的算例,考察了含“人”字形组合裂隙试样的渗透特性。经进一步细化后,该模型可用于分析地应力作用下的含区域主干裂隙岩体渗流演化规律。     

A finite element method for modeling coupled flow and deformation in porous fractured media

Modeling the flow in highly fractured porous media by finite element method (FEM) has met two difficulties: mesh generation for fractured domains and a rigorous formulation of the flow problem accounting for fracture/matrix, fracture/fracture, and fracture/boundary fluid mass exchanges. Based on the recent theoretical progress for mass balance conditions in multifractured porous bodies, the governing equations for coupled flow and deformation in these bodies are first established in this paper. A weak formulation for this problem is then established allowing to build a FEM. Taking benefit from recent development of mesh‐generating tools for fractured media, this weak formulation has been implemented in a numerical code and applied to some typical problems of hydromechanical coupling in fractured porous media. It is shown that in this way, the FEM that has proved its efficiency to model hydromechanical phenomena in porous media is extended with all its performances (calculation time, couplings, and nonlinearities) to fractured porous media. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of pile groups in saturated porous media using a new transmitting boundary

The dynamic behaviour of pile groups subjected to an earthquake base shaking is analysed. An analysis is formulated in the time domain and the effects of material nonlinearity of soil, pile–soil–pile kinematic interaction and the superstructure–foundation inertial interaction on seismic response are investigated. Prediction of response of pile group–soil system during a large earthquake requires consideration of various aspects such as the nonlinear and elasto‐plastic behaviour of soil, pore water pressure generation in soil, radiation of energy away from the pile, etc. A fully explicit dynamic finite element scheme is developed for saturated porous media, based on the extension of the original formulation by Biot having solid displacement (u) and relative fluid displacement (w) as primary variables (u–w formulation). All linear relative fluid acceleration terms are included in this formulation. A new three‐dimensional transmitting boundary that was developed in cartesian co‐ordinate system for dynamic response analysis of fluid‐saturated porous media is implemented to avoid wave reflections towards the structure. In contrast to traditional methods, this boundary is able to absorb surface waves as well as body waves. The pile–soil interaction problem is analysed and it is shown that the results from the fully coupled procedure, using the advanced transmitting boundary, compare reasonably well with centrifuge data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fracture mapping and extended finite element scheme for coupled deformation and fluid flow in fractured porous media

This paper presents a fracture mapping (FM) approach combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM) to simulate coupled deformation and fluid flow in fractured porous media. Specifically, the method accurately represents the impact of discrete fractures on flow and deformation, although the individual fractures are not part of the finite element mesh. A key feature of FM‐XFEM is its ability to model discontinuities in the domain independently of the computational mesh. The proposed FM approach is a continuum‐based approach that is used to model the flow interaction between the porous matrix and existing fractures via a transfer function. Fracture geometry is defined using the level set method. Therefore, in contrast to the discrete fracture flow model, the fracture representation is not meshed along with the computational domain. Consequently, the method is able to determine the influence of fractures on fluid flow within a fractured domain without the complexity of meshing the fractures within the domain. The XFEM component of the scheme addresses the discontinuous displacement field within elements that are intersected by existing fractures. In XFEM, enrichment functions are added to the standard finite element approximation to adequately resolve discontinuous fields within the simulation domain. Numerical tests illustrate the ability of the method to adequately describe the displacement and fluid pressure fields within a fractured domain at significantly less computational expense than explicitly resolving the fracture within the finite element mesh. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of coupled finite element analysis in unsaturated soil problems

This paper presents a variation of Biot's consolidation theory for analysing problems involving unsaturated soils, and implemented using the finite element method. The numerical method is applied to a few geotechnical problems as examples and the results obtained are compared to some published data. The illustrative examples show how the numerical method can be used to analyse seepage and consolidation problems associated with unsaturated soils and demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the presented method. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于蒙特卡罗随机有限元法的三维随机渗流场研究

通过建立改进Latin超立方抽样和对偶抽样相结合的复合抽样法,以提高Monte Carlo方法的计算效率,并将其引入Monte Carlo随机有限元（MSFEM）。基于三维有限元模型,采用MCSFEM对山坪土石坝进行随机渗流场分析,研究渗透系数和水头边界条件的随机特性对渗流场的干扰,进行变异系数和抽样次数的敏感性分析。最后,对渗流场的求解量进行概型分析。研究表明：总水头势、流速及渗透体积力的变异性随着渗透系数随机性的增强而变大;复合抽样法既能有效加快Monte Carlo的收敛速度,又能降低样本间的统计相关性,说明了该方法的实用性与有效性;当渗透系数服从正态分布时,渗流场中所取结点的水头和坡降也服从正态分布。     

浅基础沉降可靠性的摄动随机有限元法

将二阶非线性摄动随机有限元理论和土性参数随机场的离散技术相结合,可以处理岩土工程中由多种不确定因素带来的结果的不确定性。与一阶摄动随机有限元相比,二阶摄动随机有限元具有较高的计算精度。笔者探讨了这一方法,考虑土性分布参数和荷载变异性,用二阶摄动随机有限元法进行了浅地基沉降的概率分析。     

三维随机裂隙岩体渗流分析的块体单元法

岩体中的裂隙分布具有随机性,且渗流主要通过裂隙面进行。运用蒙特卡罗法模拟生成岩体中的随机裂隙面,基于矢体的概念,实现了包括凹块体和多连通体在内的三维随机裂隙岩体的块体单元自动识别。假定岩块不透水、渗流仅通过裂隙面进行,建立了三维随机裂隙岩体渗流分析的块体单元法。通过算例分析,验证了所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

A three‐dimensional staggered finite element approach for random parametric modeling of thermo‐hygral coupled phenomena in porous media

The aim of this paper is to present a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element modeling of heat and mass transfer phenomena in partially saturated open porous media with random fields of material properties. Randomness leads to transfer processes within the porous medium that naturally need a full 3D modeling for any quantitative assessment of these processes. Nevertheless, the counterpart of 3D modeling is a significant increase in computations cost. Therefore, a staggered solution strategy is adopted which permits to solve the equations sequentially. This appropriate partitioning reduces the size of the discretized problem to be solved at each time step. It is based on a specific iterative algorithm to account for the interaction between all the transfer processes. Accordingly, a suitable linearization of mass convective boundary conditions, consistent with the staggered algorithm, is also derived. After some validation tests, the 3D numerical model is used for studying the drying process of a cementitious material with regard to its intrinsic permeability randomness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土坡有限元稳定分析若干问题探讨

详细探讨了用有限元方法分析土坡稳定所遇到的问题及处理方法 ,主要包括: 有限元前后处理 ;有限元计算范围及网格划分对计算结果的影响 ;安全系数的定义 ;最危险滑动圆心位置及临界滑动面的形状等问题。