大跨度弦支穹顶结构多维多点随机地震响应分析

采用虚拟激励法,以一大跨度弦支穹顶结构—济南奥体中心体育馆为研究对象,考虑结构静力初始状态的影响,分析大跨度弦支穹顶结构多点激励随机地震响应。研究结果表明：大跨度弦支穹顶结构受行波效应与部分相干效应影响显著,考虑地震动空间变化效应使径向杆、环向杆、环索及竖向撑杆控制构件内力增幅约分别达到了50%、39%、27%及150%;其中结构不同类型、不同位置构件提升程度不同,需对具体响应具体分析;考虑地震动多维输入相比单维输入增大达到30%;行波效应与部分相干效应对结构轴力响应的影响程度存在差异;单独考虑行波效应和部分相干效应不能得到结构的最不利响应。由此得出结论：为确保大跨度弦支穹顶结构的安全,必须根据场地条件选取多种可能的地震波视波速,同时考虑部分相干效应的影响进行多维多点随机地震响应分析。     

脉冲地震下简支梁桥倒塌过程及响应分析

为了模拟脉冲地震作用下简支梁桥的倒塌过程，基于LS-DYNA平台建立了简支梁桥的三维有限元模型，并人工合成了不同脉冲幅值和脉冲周期的地震动，研究了脉冲幅值和脉冲周期对简支梁桥倒塌过程和地震响应的影响，总结了地震作用下简支梁桥的灾变过程。研究表明：脉冲幅值对简支梁桥的倒塌模式影响显著，脉冲幅值较小时桥墩发生倒塌，脉冲幅值较大则会导致梁体落梁；脉冲幅值对桥梁位移响应影响较小，对内力响应和碰撞效应影响较大，增大脉冲幅值会加重梁间的碰撞效应，从而消耗大量地震能量；位移响应随脉冲周期的增大而增大，梁间碰撞力则与之相反；桥梁开始出现损伤的时间点与脉冲周期的大小有关，脉冲周期越小，开始出现损伤的时间越靠近地震加速度峰值时刻；脉冲地震作用下简支梁桥的倒塌表现为三个阶段：分别为正常运行阶段、损伤演变阶段和倒塌阶段。     

行波效应对大跨度空间结构随机地震响应的影响

深入研究了行波效应对大跨度空间结构随机地震响应的影响,进一步完善了大跨度空间结构随机地震响应分析理论。推导了双支座、单自由度体系地震响应功率谱密度函数的解析表达式,研究了不同频率体系的响应峰值随地面视波速的变化规律,分析了多支撑点、多自由度体系的地震响应功率谱矩阵的特点,发现多自由度体系地震响应随地面视波速的变化规律与单自由度体系相似。数值模拟了某体育馆网壳结构在不同地面视波速情况下的随机地震响应,结果表明,考虑地震动行波效应后,结构地震响应随地面视波速的变化而显著变化,当视波速较低时其变化规律很复杂;且支撑点附近、受拟静力位移影响较大的部分杆件的地震响应明显增大,远离支撑点处、受拟静力位移影响较小的部分杆件的地震响应稍有减小。由此得出结论,对于大跨度空间结构的随机地震响应分析,必须考虑地震动的行波效应,尤其当受拟静力位移影响较大的部分杆件对结构抗震设计起控制作用时;且应对可能出现的地面视波速进行全面分析,作为结构抗震设计依据。     

大跨度多塔斜拉桥随机地震响应分析

以嘉绍跨江大桥为工程背景,采用ANSYS有限元软件建模对随机地震动作用下大跨度多塔斜拉桥的结构动力响应进行了数值分析。结果显示,三维一致激励下各跨主梁位移响应规律基本一致,但各塔塔底内力差别较大;各塔塔底内力受该塔塔梁约束条件影响较大;同时各塔间塔梁约束方式对塔底内力存在相互影响。此外分析了行波效应对动力响应的影响,表明不同波速对结构地震响应影响较大,且随视波速变化结构响应存在一定的规律性。     

行波输入下连续梁桥纵向墩梁相对位移碰撞效应分析

结合多跨连续梁桥的结构特点,提出了一种能模拟联间碰撞行为的连续梁桥碰撞分析模型.用非线性时程方法对行波输入下连续梁桥的地震碰撞反应进行了参数分析.结果表明:相邻联的周期比对短周期联位移的碰撞效应较大,考虑地震行波输入时伸缩缝处的碰撞效应可能会大幅度增大墩梁的相对位移,从而增大了地震作用下发生落梁的风险;墩梁相对位移随滑动支座摩阻系数的增大而减小.最后提出用一个碰撞效应增大系数来考虑连续梁桥相互碰撞对墩梁相对位移的影响,利用碰撞效应增大系数的概念为连续梁桥防止落梁的设计提供了一个新的思路.     

大跨度空间网格结构在地震行波作用下的响应

本文对地震行波三向正交分量分别独立作用和联合作用下的大跨度空间网格结构的地震响应（包括结构控制点的位移，杆件内力，柱底弯矩等）进行了数值分析，结果表明，与一致地震振动相比，地震动的行波效应可使大跨度空间网格结构的控制点位移增大21%，柱脚弯矩增大79%，杆件内力增大100%，因此，在大跨度空间结构的抗震分析中必须进行详细的抗震分析。     

钢管混凝土空间组合桁架连续梁桥地震响应影响分析

为揭示河谷场地"钢管混凝土空间组合桁架连续梁桥"地震响应规律,以京昆高速公路"干海子特大桥"为工程背景,建立其三维有限元动力计算模型;采用有限元与间接边界积分方程耦合法(FEM-IBIEM耦合法)进行场地反应计算,并通过多点激励(改进LMM法)方式进行地震动输入,研究行波效应、局部场地效应对其地震响应影响,并和一致激励进行比较,结果表明:该类桥梁低墩较高墩对地震动更敏感,且在墩高突变区域最为明显;较一致激励和高墩和对应梁跨,行波效应增大其墩底轴力、跨中下弦杆和斜腹杆轴力,但减小其它量测值;低墩和对应梁跨,行波效应减小其墩底弯矩、墩顶位移和跨中位移;较一致激励和行波效应,局部场地效应显著增大了大多桥墩和梁跨的位移和内力,且对墩高突变处低墩、梁跨的放大作用最为明显,因此对于河谷场地中"钢管混凝土空间组合桁架连续梁桥"抗震设计,特别是墩高突变区的低墩和梁跨,必须重点考虑局部场地效应的影响。     

大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥地震行波效应分析

为研究行波效应对大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥地震响应的影响,以绵竹市金花大桥为工程实例,结合该桥实际震害。基于SAP2000建立金花大桥结构模型,采用汶川地震动分析了行波效应对金花大桥非线性地震响应的影响。结果表明:行波效应对金花大桥地震响应影响较大,特别是对拱肋拱脚截面和拱上短立柱影响显著,其计算结果与实际震害一致,对同类型桥梁的抗震评估提供了有益的参考。     

大跨度连续刚架-拱组合结构桥梁的纵向地震响应研究

以广州新光大桥为例，建立了空间杆系模型，利用动态时程分析方法，详细分析了大跨度连续刚架-拱组合结构桥梁在纵桥向地震一致激励和行波效应作用下的地震响应。研究表明除边墩外，行波效应对拱肋上、下弦杆以及V型刚架斜腿地震内力响应均有较大影响；随着剪切波速的增加主拱顶相对拱脚的最大纵向位移呈递减趋势，而边拱顶相对拱脚的最大纵向位移基本不受剪切波速的影响。     

考虑河谷场地效应的大跨CFST拱桥地震响应分析

本文对某特大跨上承式铁路钢管混凝土拱桥建立“V”型河谷场地有限元动力计算模型,结合时空解耦的时域动力有限元方法,研究“V”型河谷场地效应对其地震响应的影响,并考虑地震入射角、行波速度及地震动峰值等因素对场地效应的影响。结果表明:海拔高且坡度均匀的地形使地震波在反射过程中能量增大,海拔较低且坡度下陡上缓的地形使地震波在反射过程中能量减少,“V”型河谷场地效应使大部分钢管混凝土拱圈截面内力测量值放大作用明显;“V”型河谷场地地形效应与地震波的入射角、行波速度及加速度峰值等因素均有关联,且CFST拱肋面外受弯抗震性能受行波速度的影响较大。因此,钢管混凝土拱桥抗震设计中应注意场地地形效应及行波速度的影响。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.