托莫尔日特金矿区韧脆性剪切带及其控矿作用

矿区位于近NW-NWW向展布的断裂带内,并严格受其控制.控矿断裂带为一条韧-脆性剪切带,其形成主要经历了早期韧性变形、晚期脆性变形及后期改造破坏3个阶段,叠加于早期韧性剪切带之上的晚期脆性破裂带,是矿脉的主要产出位置,成矿与断裂带的韧-脆性转换密切相关.矿体形成于韧-脆性剪切带的转换带附近,后期由于抬升剥蚀而出露地表.矿体分布可能具有"两层楼"式的垂直分带,上部为石英脉型金矿体,品位较高,但规模不大;下部为糜棱岩型金矿体,规模较大,但品位稍低.因此本区以后的找矿工作中应注意挖掘深部糜棱岩型金矿的潜力.     

剪切带流体与蚀变和金矿成矿作用

剪切带中流体与金矿中交代蚀变作用密切相关。剪切带中往往发育不同期次、不同类型的蚀变及交代蚀变岩 ,第二、三期交代蚀变岩的形成与金矿化关系密切。在含金断裂蚀变带中 ,由于剪切带流体的强烈交代作用 ,交代蚀变岩成为金矿的重要矿石类型。剪切带中的流体往往携带大量成矿物质而成为成矿流体 ,并在金矿形成过程中起着重要。在剪切带中 ,由于压力迅速降低 ,经常导致成矿流体发生沸腾作用 ,从而导致金矿的形成。成矿主要与脆性变形有关 ,韧性剪切变形向脆性剪切变形转变至关重要。从韧性剪切带向脆性剪切带转变的过程中 ,Au ,Ag ,Cu ,Pb发生大规模的活化迁移 ,并在较窄的脆性断裂中明显富集 ,形成矿体或矿化体。岩浆流体是剪切带成矿流体中最为重要的一种流体 ,许多金矿的成矿物质来源于岩浆流体     

The role of the thermal convection of fluids in the formation of unconformity-type uranium deposits: the Athabasca Basin,Canada

In the global production of uranium, ~18% belong to the unconformity-type Canadian deposits localized in the Athabasca Basin. These deposits, which are unique in terms of their ore quality, were primarily studied by Canadian and French scientists. They have elaborated the diagenetic–hydrothermal hypothesis of ore formation, which suggests that (1) the deposits were formed within a sedimentary basin near an unconformity surface dividing the folded Archean–Proterozoic metamorphic basement and a gently dipping sedimentary cover, which is not affected by metamorphism; (2) the spatial accommodation of the deposits is controlled by the rejuvenated faults in the basement at their exit into the overlying sedimentary sequence; the ore bodies are localized above and below the unconformity surface; (3) the occurrence of graphite-bearing rocks is an important factor in controlling the local structural mineralization; (4) the ore bodies are the products of uranium precipitation on a reducing barrier. The mechanism that drives the circulation of ore-forming hydrothermal solutions has remained one of the main unclear questions in the general genetic concept. The ore was deposited above the surface of the unconformity due to the upflow discharge of the solution from the fault zones into the overlying conglomerate and sandstone. The ore formation below this surface is a result of the downflow migration of the solutions along the fault zones from sandstone into the basement rocks. A thermal convective system with the conjugated convection cells in the basement and sedimentary fill of the basin may be a possible explanation of why the hydrotherms circulate in the opposite directions. The results of our computations in the model setting of the free thermal convection of fluids are consistent with the conceptual reasoning about the conditions of the formation of unique uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin. The calculated rates of the focused solution circulation through the fault zones in the upflow and downflow branches of a convection cell allow us to evaluate the time of ore formation up to the first hundreds of thousands years.     

广西全州小源铅锌矿地质特征、成因类型及找矿方向探讨

小源铅锌矿床是桂东北地区海洋山NE向铅锌铜成矿带中段的一个小型矿床。区内的中上奥陶统田岭口组上段和下泥盆统莲花山组是主要含矿地层;矿脉产于NE走向的张扭性正断层(断裂)中,构成多条平行等距排列的矿脉带;区内发现含矿脉带5条,圈定矿体7个;矿体在脉带中分布具有等距性。矿床成因类型为以岩浆热液为主的多源复合断裂控制热液脉型矿床。小源地区是寻找大型铅锌矿床有利地段。     

智利铁氧化物-铜-金矿床区域定位构造-矿田构造类型与特征

智利铁氧化物铜金矿床形成于安第斯型活动大陆边缘中生代岩浆弧及弧后盆地,区域构造特征主要为岩浆侵入构造岩相带和阿塔卡玛断裂系统(AFZ),岩浆侵入构造及岩相分带控制矿田形成,AFZ断裂系统控制了矿化带和大型矿体产出.矿田构造主要有五种类型:火山构造;岩浆侵入构造+复式背斜;NS向平行韧性断裂带+岩浆侵入构造;走滑断裂弯曲...     

湘东北思村—砰山剥离断层特征及控矿研究

思村一砰山断层是湘东北连云山变质核杂岩构造系统中一条剥离断层。本文结合断层带已知矿床实例,对该断层构造岩带特征、形成与演化机制和控矿作用进行了分析,并对其成矿模式进行了探讨。     

东濮凹陷陡坡带北部控凹断裂样式及砂体充填模式

东濮凹陷东部陡坡带北部边界发育3种样式的控凹断裂:单断板状边界断裂、犁状边界断裂和同向断阶边界断裂.3种断裂边界分别控制着不同的砂体分布及层序地层模式,陡坡带板状断裂边界控制着扇体充填模式;犁状断裂边界控制沉积中心(或生油洼陷)的分布发育和演化,湖侵体系域发育,以湖底扇砂体为主;同向断阶的分布则控制着较大规模的低水位扇的发育.     

韧-脆性剪切带构造控矿演化模式--以青海省乌兰县托莫尔日特金矿区为例

通过对青海省乌兰县托莫尔日特金矿区韧－脆性剪切带变形特征、成矿物质与热液来源及运移条件分析，提出了该区构造控矿演化的四阶段模式。该模式认为，早期的韧性剪切变形导致了成矿物质的由深部向浅部、由韧性剪切带外部向韧性剪切带内部的活化迁移，成矿热液在韧性剪切带上部（即韧脆性转换带附近）得以大量聚集。韧性变形后期温压条件降低，韧性变形转化为脆性变形，地表大气降水沿贯通性较强的脆性破裂带大量下渗，到达韧－脆性转换带附近，与该处积聚的成矿热液充分混合，热液性质发生改变，在相对张性或较薄弱的构造有利部位大量沉淀。由于断裂带的周期性活动，成矿物质得到多次沉淀而不断富集，最终形成金矿体。矿体形成后的构造隆升及剥蚀作用，使韧－脆性剪切带出露地表，金矿床也随之出露到近地表处。因此在矿区石英脉型金矿体的下部，可能会存在糜棱岩型金矿体，但品位可能会有所下降。     

Factors Controlling the Hydrothermal Sulphur Ore Deposition in Keciborlu Mine Area (SW Turkey)

Abstract. Replacement-type subsurface sulphur ores of Keciborlu are situated in fault controlled and metasomatically altered fragmental ophiolite media between alkaline Pliocene volcanics of Isparta and Afyon regions, SW Turkey. Subsurface volcanic sulphur-mineralising fluids and gases were brought up along the sulphur-hosting oblique slip fault zone into the oxidising meteoric water-saturated media and the sulphur-ore bodies were developed at more porous, cross-fault locations.
Chemically the sulphotaric alteration of the parent rock and sulphur ore formation is characterised by outward volcanic gas and sulphuric acid leaching and oxidation to sulphur from the crushed porous centres. Consequently, concentric pyritiferous, opaline and argillaceous zones developed adjacent to the sulphur ores. The inner alteration zones progressed and widened toward the outer zones through time and the central sulphur ore developed during a single, continuous phase of mineralisation in the water saturation zone such that the alteration zones do not cross each other.     

河南卢氏南阳山锑矿地质特征与矿床成因分析

南阳山锑矿位于五里川锑成矿亚带,属热液矿床,矿体分布在双槐树断裂带南侧F1、F2断裂带内。本文通过野外观察、薄片分析、微量元素分析等方法,对南阳山矿区地质特征及其矿床成因进行分析。本区矿石可分为三类:角砾状矿石、团块状矿石、充填脉状矿石,其中角砾状矿石为主要矿石类型。矿石矿物有辉锑矿和锑华,其中以辉锑矿为主。南阳山锑矿成矿元素Sb主要来源于秦岭群(赋矿层),S元素随热液来源于深部岩浆。含矿断裂带F1、F2深部与其北侧双槐树大断裂相连,热液沿双槐树断裂带向上运移至断裂分叉部位发生分流,分流热液继续汇集秦岭群内成矿元素,在上升至成矿有利部位便聚集成矿。这对南阳山锑矿盲矿体的寻找具有重要的指导意义,同时对寻找五里川锑成矿亚带内新矿(化)体具有重要的借鉴意义。     

剪切带中流体与金矿成矿作用的关系综述

流体广泛存在于剪切带中，在剪切带中汇集，常以通道式运移；流体的渗透和流动引起剪切带的成分变异和体积亏损；剪切中的流体往往携带大量成矿物质而成为矿流体，金矿的形成与流体关系密切；     

Pseudotachylyte-bearing strike-slip duplex structures in the Fort Foster Brittle Zone,S. Maine

Detailed (1:60 scale) mapping of the Fort Foster Brittle Zone in the mylonitic Rye Formation of southernmost Maine has revealed the intricate internal duplex structure of a system of probable Paleozoic-age dextral strike-slip faults that have produced abundant pseudotachylyte and minor breccia. The internal configuration of this brittle zone consists of a mosaic of individual pseudotachylyte generation zones as slab-duplex structures. Individual duplex zones are up to 100 m in length and 1 m or less in width and are defined by pairs of layer-parallel slip surfaces along which frictional melts were produced. These slab-duplex structures are interpreted as zones of displacement transfer between long, overlapping, layer-parallel en échelon strike-slip fault surfaces. Contractional duplexes develop layer-parallel compressional structures that tend to shorten and thicken the fault-bounded slabs by the formation of lateral ramps and conjugate faults, kinks and asymmetric folds. Extensional duplexes develop layer-parallel stretching and thinning by the formation of oblique dextral shears, high-angle conjugate pairs and localized fault breccias. The production of pseudotachylyte by friction melting along layer-parallel fault surfaces in these exposures is attributed to rapid slip during paleoseismic events. The rupture structures developed during these events may be characteristic of fault structure and mechanics at near-focal depths in a strike-slip seismogenic zone.     

Remobilisation features and structural control on ore grade distribution at the Konkola stratiform Cu–Co ore deposit,Zambia

The Konkola deposit is a high grade stratiform Cu–Co ore deposit in the Central African Copperbelt in Zambia. Economic mineralisation is confined to the Ore Shale formation, part of the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Katanga Supergroup. Petrographic study reveals that the copper–cobalt ore minerals are disseminated within the host rock, sometimes concentrated along bedding planes, often associated with dolomitic bands or clustered in cemented lenses and in layer-parallel and irregular veins. The hypogene sulphide mineralogy consists predominantly of chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite. Based upon relationships with metamorphic biotite, vein sulphides and most of the sulphides in cemented lenses were precipitated during or after biotite zone greenschist facies metamorphism. New δ³⁴S values of sulphides from the Konkola deposit are presented. The sulphur isotope values range from −8.7‰ to +1.4‰ V-CDT for chalcopyrite from all mineralising phases and from −4.4‰ to +2.0‰ V-CDT for secondary chalcocite. Similarities in δ³⁴S for sulphides from different vein generations, earlier sulphides and secondary chalcocite can be explained by (re)mobilisation of S from earlier formed sulphide phases, an interpretation strongly supported by the petrographic evidence. Deep supergene enrichment and leaching occurs up to a km in depth, predominantly in the form of secondary chalcocite, goethite and malachite and is often associated with zones of high permeability. Detailed distribution maps of total copper and total cobalt contents of the Ore Shale formation show a close relationship between structural features and higher copper and lower cobalt contents, relative to other areas of the mine. Structural features include the Kirilabombwe anticline and fault zones along the axial plane and two fault zones in the southern limb of the anticline. Cobalt and copper behave differently in relation to these structural features. These structures are interpreted to have played a significant role in (re)mobilisation and concentration of the metals, in agreement with observations made elsewhere in the Zambian Copperbelt.     

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木钼矿的地质特征和矿床成因

论述了迪彦钦阿木钼矿的矿床地质特征,分析了环状矿体、围岩蚀变、矿石特征与钼矿化之间的关系,认为该矿床具有斑岩型矿床的一般特点。矿床的成矿年龄为晚株罗世(156.2±1.4 Ma),在成矿时代上、成矿规律方面,与二连-东乌旗成矿带上的其他斑岩型钼矿相似。侏罗纪末或白垩纪初,强烈的弧后伸展,诱发大规模陆内裂陷活动,在该区域形成断陷盆地,并且伴随着一定规模的中酸性岩浆活动。而本区的岩体侵位较深,受断陷盆地内早期构造影响的矿体富集,热液流体与岩性差异较大的岩石接触,形成了不规律的蚀变分带。解释了为什么钼矿体赋存在地层当中,而未发现规模较大相关岩体的原因。认为该矿床仍属于斑岩型矿床,形成于陆内裂陷构造环境,与深部岩浆活动有成因联系。     

论云南会泽富铅锌矿床成矿模式

通过构造地质学、矿床学、地球化学研究,认为燕山早期环太平洋板块的俯冲碰撞与小江深断裂带、曲靖－昭通隐伏断裂带的左行走滑运动为深源流体的形成和贯入提供了有利的构造背景,成矿物质主要来源于深源流体和蒸发岩层,矿体本身是富含铅锌锗等的成矿流体沿构造贯入的产物,矿床定位直接受北东构造带控制。在此基础上,提出“深源流体贯入－蒸发岩层萃取－构造控制”的成矿模式。     

Structure of ore fields and deposits: Current status and outlook for further development

The current status of investigations of the structure of ore fields and deposits in Russia is considered. The importance of traditional lines of research in this field and the great body of information acquired is emphasized. The changes in ideas of geodynamic and tectonic crustal evolution have made it necessary to alter concepts of the geological and structural position of ore fields and deposits. New challenges are caused by these changes and progress in the knowledge of ore deposits and the depth of their formation, as well as geodynamic, tectonophysical, and hydrodynamic processes in ore-bearing crustal blocks. The results of hydrodynamic modeling of deposit formation controlled by deeply penetrating fault zones are discussed. Various relationships between hydrodynamic and structural factors in ore formation are considered.     

南秦岭观花坪铜银矿床地质特征及找矿标志

观花坪铜银矿床位处南秦岭成矿带中段,矿床产于下寒武-中奥陶统石瓮子组碳酸盐岩建造与中泥盆统大枫沟组碎屑岩建造"不整合接触界面"附近,区域上具明显的层控特征;但在矿区范围内,铜银矿体则严格受断裂破碎带控制,矿体均赋存于叠加在不整合面的断裂破碎带中,明显具后生成矿作用的特点。笔者通过对矿床地质特征、矿体地质特征和矿石特征的研究,结合区域地质背景的分析认为,铜银矿床为多期次多成矿阶段叠加形成的复杂矿床,特别是南秦岭华力西期与印支期—燕山期的构造-岩浆热事件与本区铜银矿床的形成关系密切。     

马元铅锌矿床角砾岩成因及成矿地质背景

马元铅锌矿床是中国近年来在扬子板块北缘南大巴山陆内造山带中发现的大型铅锌矿床。对矿田构造的研究发现,成矿作用受震旦系灯影组白云岩地层层间破碎带的控制。破碎带中见大量紧闭褶皱转折端角砾,下盘附近发育层间剪切滑移断层带,显示控矿构造为低角度逆冲推覆过程中形成的断层褶皱和与之相关的角砾岩。矿质充填在破碎带白云岩角砾间的空隙中,矿石的晶洞梳状构造发育,未见后期破坏,表明矿床形成于构造定型期。对成矿晚期热液沥青进行Re Os同位素年龄测试,获得(126±8) Ma的等时线年龄,结合区域构造背景,认为该矿床形成于中晚侏罗世。控矿构造角砾岩为低角度逆冲推覆构造作用的产物。     

吉林通化复兴村金矿床地质、地球化学特征及成因机制探析

通过对复兴村金矿床的地质和地球化学特征分析研究,发现元古宇老岭群大栗子组和珍珠门组是重要的含金矿源层,也是主要的容矿围岩.区内的NNE、NW向断裂破碎带是重要的的控矿构造.断裂破碎带内分布的硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化是金矿重要的找矿标志,并存在后期氧化富集带.燕山期花岗岩作用区,特别是闪长岩脉与矿体相伴处是是富金矿（化）体.相关的成因机制分析表明,复兴村金矿床在成因类型上为与燕山期构造岩浆活动有关的多因复成的中低温热液金矿床.     

Structural geochemistry of gold mineralization in the Linglong-Jiaojia district, Shandong Province, China

The Linglong-Jiaojia district is one of the most important regions containing gold deposits in China. These gold deposits can be divided into: a) the pyrite-gold-quartz vein type (Linglong type), which is controlled by brittle-ductile to ductile deformation structures, and b) the alteration-zone type (Jiaojia type), characterized by small veinlets, or the disseminated type recognized in brittle shear zones. Lode gold deposits in the Jiaojia area occur in NE brittle fracture zones, formed in a dominantly simple shear deformation regime, mainly in thrust attitude with a minor sinistral strike slip component. In the Linglong area, the lode gold deposits are located at the intersection of three types of structures: NNE and NE brittle-ductile fault zones and the ENE ductile reverse shear zone in the south of the area. The structural characteristics of these brittle shear zones are consistent with a tectonic NNW-SSE principal stress field orientation. Similar stresses explain the ENE Qixia fold axes, the Potouqing and several other ENE reverse ductile shear zones elsewhere in the region, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its subsidiaries in the vicinity of the Linglong-Jiaojia district, as well as the southern ENE suture zone north of Qingdao. Therefore these structural systems occurred as part of different major tectonic events under NNW-SSE compression principal stress fields in the area. Gold deposits are hosted in smaller-scale structures within the brittle fault zones and brittle-ductile shear zones. Although ore bodies and, on a smaller scale, quartz ore veins often seem to be randomly oriented, it is possible to explain their distribution and orientation in terms of the simple shear deformation process under which they were developed. The progressive simple shear failure is characterized by various fracture modes (tension and shear) that intervene in sequence. The tension and shear fractures are influenced by the stress level (depth of burial beneath the paleosurface) in their structural behavior, show variable dilatancy (void openings) and extend on all scales. By making use of these characteristics, a progressive failure analysis can be applied to predicting the shape and extent of ore bodies as well as the styles of mineralization at any given location.