四种重金属离子对侧扁软柳珊瑚的毒性及其摄食行为的影响

本实验通过48h的急性毒性测试,来了解重金属Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Pb2 的污染环境对侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgiasuberosa)的影响程度,以认知重金属对海洋生物尤其是柳珊瑚所造成的伤害.实验的结果显示,Cu2 的半致死浓度约为0.13mg/dm3,Zn2 为8.69mg/dm3,而Cd2 为10.84mg/dm3,Pb2 为8.49mg/dm3;亦即Cu2 污染对侧扁软柳珊瑚毒性影响最大.另外,在实验的观察中也发现,受到伤害的珊瑚中常会刺激黏液的分泌,在较高的浓度下则会造成其共肉组织的溃烂致使整株珊瑚部分或整体的死亡.在摄食影响的研究方面,侧扁软柳珊瑚在Cu2 浓度分别为0.02、0.05mg/dm3的污染环境下捕食丰年虫(Chirocephalus)的行为与正常珊瑚间有明显差异(p<0.01),经过Cu2 污染环境后的珊瑚虫(polyp)常常不能有效地捕食到丰年虫,甚至捕食到丰年虫却不能将其顺利吞咽而造成丰年虫从其触手中逃逸.数据显示正常珊瑚虫捕食丰年虫的成功率平均达85.42%,而受0.02mg/dm3Cu2 影响的珊瑚虫则为57.58%,受0.05mg/dm3Cu2 影响的则仅为24.24%.     

东山湾海水中Fe(II)和Fe(III)相互转化围隔实验研究

根据2008 年8 月与11 月在东山湾海域获得的调查资料对表层水中溶解态Fe(II)和Fe(III)含量、浮游植物叶绿素a、营养元素及其浓度等环境参数进行分析。结果表明, 夏、秋季海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例均与浮游植物叶绿素a 呈正相关, 其相关系数分别为0.7959、0.9219。现场围隔实验表明, 海水中总溶解态Fe 含量在24 h 内有较大的变化, 最大减少量达到17.4%。DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例随光照强度增加而增加。最高值与初始值相比较, 叶绿素a 较高的DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度增加较叶绿素a 较低的DS5 号站点高0.053μg/L。Fe(II)和Fe(III)加富实验研究了溶解态的Fe(II)和Fe(III)在海水中相互转化。高浓度的Fe(II)在海水中被氧化成Fe(III),海水中浮游植物也会引发光还原作用使Fe(III)还原成Fe(II)。     

马氏珠母贝生长性状相关QTL在两个群体中的验证

对两个通过遗传图谱构建定位的马氏珠母贝(Pinctada ucata)生长性状相关的QTL在两个不同群体中进行验证分析。结果显示:QTL471489在深圳群体中与壳高、壳宽显著相关(P0.05),其CT基因型个体的壳高、壳宽和体质量显著大于CC基因型,CT为优势基因型;而在杂交群体中该QTL与生长性状关联不显著(P0.05),但CT基因型的生长性状值仍最大。QTL410206在深圳群体中与生长性状关联不显著(P0.05),而在杂交群体中该QTL与壳高、壳长、壳宽和体质量显著相关(P0.05),AA为优势基因型。基于这两个QTL在这2个群体中分别构建二倍型,发现在深圳群体中C1(CTAT)型和杂交群体中D1(CTAA)、D2(TTAA)、D3(CCAT)、D4(TTAT)、D5(CTAA)型对马氏珠母贝的生长最为有利,可作为优选的基因型组合。     

北黄海獐子岛附近海域大型底栖动物数量分布和季节变化

根据2009年8月至2010年6月4个季度月(夏、秋、冬、春季),对位于北黄海獐子岛附近海域所设的13个站进行的大型底栖动物生态调查所获得的资料,对该海域大型底栖动物的种数、密度和生物量的组成及季节变化进行分析研究,采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)、物种丰富度指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)分析该该海域大型底栖动物的物种多样性;并研究了该海域的次级生产力和P/B值的空间分布和季节变化。结果表明,北黄海獐子岛附近海域大型底栖动物全年总种数、年平均栖息密度和年平均生物量分别为211种、699.415个/m2和98.927 g/m2。各季度的种数(S)、平均密度D (个/m2)和平均生物量B (g/m2)的季节变化分别为: S春季(121)＞S秋季(118)＞S冬季(89)＞S夏季(87),D春季(794.58)＞D秋季(766.92)＞D夏季(674.62)＞D冬季(561.54),B春季(180.271)＞B夏季(107.121)＞B秋季(70.824)＞B冬季(37.493)。全年物种多样性指数H’值、物种丰富度指数D值和物种均匀度指数J值分别为2.976、4.135和0.707,该海域大型底栖动物的夏季、秋季和春节平均密度季节变化不明显,但冬季明显较少。而平均生物量和种数的季节变化比较明显,春季较高,冬季较低。该海域的平均次级生产力为15.335g(AFDW)/(m2.a),相对较高。P/B值的平均值为1.239。     

Organic carbon budget in shrimp polyculture enclosure ecosystems

INTRODUCTIONInformationontheorganiccarbonbudgetofpond-culturesystemsisindispensableforrealizingboththestatusofmaterialcyclinginthesystemsandforevaluatingtheefficiencyoftheculturepractice.Manyarticleshavebeenpublishedonthistopicinterms'offishPOnds.Accordingtothemethodused,theymaybedividedintotwocategories:onewastosubtractthetotalorganiccarbonoutput(planktoncommunityrespiration,sedimentcommunityrespiration,culturedanimalproductionandtheirrespiration)fromtheirtotalincome(phytoplanktonproduct…     

In situ determination on food consumption and ecological conversion efficiency of a marine fish species, Hyporhamphus sajori

The food consumption and ecological conversion efficiency of a species marine pelagic andsmall size fish, Hyporhamphus sajori, were determined by using in situ stomach content method presented by Eggers. The results showed that: (1) the fish was taken in food all day, so empty-stomach rate was very low, taking up about 4.5% of the total determined fish number. However, the fish still has significant daily feeding rhythm. A feeding peak was found 0:00 o'clock at night, but feeding level was always high in the daytime; (2) relationship between instantaneous food content in stomach and corresponding time could be described as S_t = a ·e ~(-b ·t). There was not significant difference of instantaneous gastric evacuation rate between two determinations, with average value being 0.13 × 10~(-2)g/ (g·d) (wet weight); (3) the daily food consumption tended to change in irregular waving form, with average value being (10.16×l0~(-2)±1.19×l0~(-2) g/ (g·d) (wet weight) or (55.56 × 10~(-2) ±6.51 × 10~(-2) kJ/     

硫酸皮肤素寡糖的分离与制备

利用软骨素酶 ABC (Chondroitinase ABC,EC4 .2 .2 .4 )对硫酸皮肤素 (Dermatan Sul-fate,DS)进行控制降解。对得到的混合寡糖首先采用低压凝胶渗透色谱 (L PGPC)进行分级 ,然后对每一组分再利用强阴离子交换高压液相色谱 (SAX- HPL C)进行分离 ,最终制备出聚合度为 2 ,4 ,6 ,8,10 ,12的寡糖纯品。寡糖纯度采用 SAX- HPL C,毛细管电泳 (CE)以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)进行检验 ,结构采用电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI- MS)以及核磁共振波谱 (NMR)技术确定     

Oxidative stress in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae): environmental and seasonal effects

Laeonereis acuta was seasonally collected in an industrially polluted site (P) and in an unpolluted site (UP) at the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein) was determined in five groups of worms from each site. Metallothionein (MT - mol GSH/g ww) and lipid peroxides content (LPO - nmoles of cumene hydroperoxide/g ww) were also measured. Annual mean values for CAT (UP=3.7+/-0.3; P=5.7+/-0.6), GST (UP=0.034+/-0.003; P=0.045+/-0.004) and MT (UP=0.15+/-0.02; P=0.23+/-0.03) were higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site. In autumn, CAT activity was higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site (7.6 +/- 1.3) than in those from the UP site (3.6 +/- 0.4). In summer, MT concentration was higher in worms from the P site (0.37 +/- 0.03) than in those from the UP site (0.19 +/- 0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the LPO content was observed in worms from the different sites or collected in different seasons. These results indicate that worms from the polluted site showed higher antioxidant responses than those from the unpolluted site, sufficient to prevent oxidative damage in terms of LPO.     

Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the developing gonads of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

The localization of nitric oxide synthases （NOS） is dealed with in the developing gonads of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. It was found by NADPH-diaphorase staining that （1） NOS activity was present in the nuclear membranes of germinal vesicles during the entire period ofoocyte development; （2） NOS was localized in both the nuclear membranes and the perinuclear region of cytoplasm in the vitellogenetic oocytes; （3） NOS was relocated in the cortical layer in the mature egg; （4） NOS activity was present in spermatocytes, but not in the spermatogonia in the middle of October; （5） NOS was detected in both spermatozoa and spermatids as well as spermatocytes during the breeding season. This is the first report on the distribution pattern of NOS in the developing gonads in protochordates. These results suggest a role for NOS in the functioning of the nuclear membranes and yolk synthesis during oogenesis and in cell division and differentiation during spermatogenesis.     

斗嫁蜮精子发生及雄性性腺组织学研究

采用石蜡切片法,对分布于粤西沿海的斗嫁蜮Cellana grata(Gould)的精子发生和雄性性腺的组织结构进行了研究。斗嫁蜮精子发生经历雄性性细胞的增殖、生长、成熟、变态等阶段.依据精子发生过程中生精细胞形态的变化,精子发生过程可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子形成期等5期。雄性性腺组织主要由滤泡构成,滤泡为生殖细胞增殖、生长、成熟、变态的场所,滤泡腔中的精子经生殖输送管向外输送。显微观察与分析表明:(1)精子发生中,生长期不明显,初级精母细胞较精原细胞小;(2)生精细胞及核的大小随发育逐渐变小,核嗜碱性逐渐增强;(3)精子发生过程中的变态期长,易观察到变态过程中的不同形态的精细胞;(4)成熟精子为鞭毛型,头部短杆状,约0.5×(3~4)μm,尾部细长呈鞭毛状;(5)生长-成熟期的雄性性腺由形态较规则的(多边形)滤泡构成,滤泡界限清晰;(6)雄性滤泡壁由不同发育时期的生精细胞依次排列,较原始的生精细胞呈嗜酸性,靠近滤泡膜分布,而发育晚期的生精细胞呈嗜碱性,渐离滤泡膜分布,成熟精子群集并呈涡旋状分布于腔中;(7)成熟雄性性腺可伸入足部或肝组织中;在肝组织切片中,可观察到结构不同的4个级别的生殖输送管;8)斗嫁蜮雌雄异体,但存在雌雄同体、性转化现象。还对斗嫁蜮精子发生与成熟过程及雌雄同体的有关问题进行了探讨。     

饲料中添加壳寡糖对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼的生长、消化和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究壳寡糖对花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）幼鱼生长,肠道消化,血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响。本试验选用360尾规格一致的花鲈幼鱼（19.37 g左右）为研究对象。壳寡糖饲料添加浓度设为6组:0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%。设3个平行组,养殖周期45 d。结果显示:（1）生长性能:添加0.6%和0.8%两组的增重率、特定生长率与对照组相比有提高（P>0.05）;（2）肠道消化酶:添加0.6%~1.0%的壳寡糖显著（P<0.05）提高胰蛋白酶活性,0.4%~0.8%的壳寡糖显著（P<0.05）提高了脂肪酶活性;（3）肠道菌群:0.6%~1.0%的壳寡糖显著降低了沙门氏菌数量（P<0.05）,大肠杆菌的数量在0.8%时显著降低（P<0.05）,双歧杆菌的数量在0.2%~0.6%时显著增加（P<0.05）;（4）血清生化指标:壳寡糖显著提高血清总蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（P<0.05）;（5）血清非特异性免疫:添加0.6%的壳寡糖显著降低丙二醛（P>0.05）,0.2%的壳寡糖增强超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶活性,添加壳寡糖使溶菌酶的活性显著增强（P<0.05）。研究结果表明:饲料中添加0.6%~0.8%的壳寡糖对花鲈幼鱼生长性能、血脂及肠道健康影响效果最佳。     

Estimating the reproduction quality of precipitation over the north atlantic and influence of the hydrostatic approximation in the WRF–ARW atmospheric model

The Weather Research and Forecast numerical model (WRF) with the dynamic Advanced Research WRF (ARW) solver was used to simulate the winter (January 2016) and summer (July 2015) atmospheric state over the North Atlantic with a high (15 km) spatial resolution. The quality of precipitation modeling was validated by remote sensing Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) data and atmospheric ERA-Interim reanalysis. Nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic equations for the vertical velocity were additionally used to investigate their influence on the accuracy of the precipitation modeling results. It was shown that the model in this configuration satisfactorily reproduces the precipitation field. No evidence of hydrostatic approximation was revealed (over a simulation domain with a resolution of 15 km, simplified topography, and parameterizations of convection and microphysical processes).     

三种体系萃取分离-液闪测定海水中234Th的比较研究

本文对TOA萃取剂萃取钍适宜的操作条件及萃取溶剂进行了试验,提出了TOA/苯萃取234Th的最佳条件: 在 1cm3含 234Th的 6mol/dm3 HNO3 溶液中,用体积比为 0. 5的TOA/苯溶液 2cm3 萃取,然后用 2cm3 1. 0mol/dm3 H2SO4反萃取,最高萃取率达 94%.对TOA/苯、TBP/煤油和TTA/苯这 3种萃取体系的萃取效率及其影响因素、萃取机理、成本等做了比较,认为 3种体系各有利弊,但均可有效地应用于相关的海洋学研究中.     

酒石酸钾钠双水相体系分离纯化C-藻蓝蛋白

采用廉价的聚乙二醇(PEG)/酒石酸钾钠建立双水相体系,从干螺旋藻中分离纯化藻蓝蛋白C-PC。以纯度(目的蛋白在620 nm处的特征吸光值和总蛋白在280 nm处吸光值的比值)为指标,优化体系参数。研究结果表明,体系p H 8.06,系线长为21.65%、体积比为0.22的PEG1000和酒石酸钾钠双水相体系分离纯化效果最好,纯度由0.42提高到1.27,高于食品级纯度0.7,纯化因子3.04,回收率85.11%。硫酸铵盐析提高粗提液纯度后,二次双水相纯度达到3.28,高于药品级3.0。得到的C-PC具有较高的生物活性。     

几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究

采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01).     

近1300年来古胶州港位置的变迁

本文主要依据有关方志、文史资料，着重考证了近１３００年来古胶州港位置的变迁，研究发现，古胶州港的位置自唐代至清末近１３００年间，沿胶州湾西、北岸大致经历了７次变更，特别自明代开始，港口位置变迁尤为频繁，作者初步分析认为这与历史时期胶州湾内西、北岸的不断淤涨和胶莱南河、大沽河口的冲淤作用有关。     

5种中草药对美国红鱼生长和免疫机能的影响

用分别含连翘(Forsythia suspensa)、猪苓(Polyporus umbellatus)、黄芩(Radix scutellariae)、茯苓(Poria cocos)和黄连(Coptis chinensis)水提取物的配合饵料饲喂美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus),研究其对美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)生长和免疫机能的影响.结果表明,投喂含有黄芩和茯苓的药饵可使美国红鱼的体长增长率和相对增质量率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);投喂5种含中草药的药饵后,美国红鱼血液白细胞的吞噬活性有明显提高,投药后3 d,除茯苓组外,其余各组吞噬百分比(PP)与对照组之间均差异极显著(P<0.01);在投药后3 d或投药后7 d,连翘、黄芩和黄连组的吞噬指数(PI)与对照组相比有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异.在停投药饵后7 d,除茯苓组外,其余各组PP、PI与对照组相比仍有显著差异(P<0.05).同时,美国红鱼血清溶菌酶活性也有显著提高,投药后7 d,溶菌酶活性与对照组之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但在停投药饵后7 d,溶菌酶活性与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);投药28 d后,利用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)人工感染美国红鱼,黄芩组的相对免疫保护率最高,达88.9%,连翘组次之,茯苓组最低.     

Re-Suspension Technique for Improving Organic Rich Sediment-Water Quality in a Shallow Sea Area

The re-suspension method consists of (1) dispersion of the sediment by air-water jets, (2) pumping of the suspension (small particles and organic matter), (3) settlement in a tank, (4) filtration and (5) disposal of solids (followed by incineration in this case). The pilot test was performed to clean up an area of 3000 m². The dispersed depth of the bottom was approximately 50 cm. The time spent for the work was two weeks. The amount of re-suspended solid removed from the bottom was about 8 tonnes in dry mass. Since the solids contain high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (T-P), total nitrogen (T-N) and sulfides, the remaining sediment was considerably improved. Quantitative analyses showed that the full-scale implementation would enable the removal of about 10% of the re-suspended solids, and reduce COD by 95%, T-P by 50%, T-N by 100% and sulfide by 75% for re-deposited sediments in comparison to the original sediments.     

韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的分布及群落结构分析

为了解韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区(下简称保护区)生物资源分布、群落结构特征及受干扰情况,于2012年4月(春)、7月(夏)对保护区及其附近海域进行了底拖网生物资源调查。运用物种多样性指数、丰度生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC)、相似性聚类(Bray-Curtis)及非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,NMDS)等方法,比较分析了春、夏季保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的物种多样性、群落结构及稳定性。结果显示:(1)调查海域共出现海洋生物45属47种,隶属7门11纲22目36科,其中保护区42种,保护区附近海域37种,节肢动物丰度和生物量最高;(2)日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicas)为保护区及其附近海域特征种,保护区季节间物种更替率(64.29%)低于其附近海域(72.97%);(3)保护区平均丰度为37.459ind/Agt,平均生物量为59.160g/Agt,其附近海域平均丰度为37.048ind/Agt,平均生物量为37.230g/Agt,保护区丰度和生物量高于其附近海域;(4)春季保护区与其附近海域Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数相近且均较低,夏季保护区多样性指数高于其附近海域;(5)ABC曲线表明,春季保护区及其附近海域处于轻微干扰及未受到干扰状态,夏季保护区处于轻微干扰状态,其附近海域处于重度干扰状态。综上所述,韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区的设立,在提高物种多样性、物种丰度、生物量及维持群落结构的稳定性方面优于其附近海域。     

A growth model for a hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri in the coastal water of Alexandria (Egypt)

Abstract-The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (ΔBL). To applythis approach, laboratory experiments were carried out at three temperatures regimes (15℃, 20℃,25℃) to gain accurate data of IP and BL. The total number of specimens used in this study was 86 at15℃, 24 at 20℃ and 70 at 25℃. The number of flagellar segments of both antennae of the Hyaleperieri could not be used as an index of growth (instar criterion). The obtained results indicated that,the predicted IP of the specimens was inversely related to temperature and in good agreement with theobserved values at the experimental temperatures. IP data obtained from laboratory-reared specimes arecombined with ΔBL data to establish a growth model for Hyale perieri from its release from the mar-supium (1.64 mm BL) to the maximum size (12.67 mm BL) as a function of temperature. The maxi-mum numbers of consecutive moults