在"数字国土工程"中我区地学数据库建设的现状及发展趋势

近年来,在国土资源部的高度重视下,我区相继建立了一系列地学数据库。这些地学数据库的建立不仅为地矿行业提供了基础性数据,也加速了"数字国土工程"和国土资源信息化建设的步伐。随着信息技术的高速发展,利用地理信息系统(GIS)将各类地学数据有机地结合起来,形成地学数据应用与管理系统,最终通过网络服务于社会,必将是各类地学数据发展的必然趋势。     

上饶地区遥感地质调查基础数据库及其应用

结合１∶５万遥感地质填图，从数据采集、数据库管理、分析运算、数据输出等方面系统介绍了基于遥感的区调基础数据库的建立过程；重点论述了属性库管理中的数据分类和编码问题，它是空间查询和属性检索及地学专题制图的基础；从遥感数据录入、对数据库的更新等方面论述了遥感（ＲＳ）和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的技术整合及其在区调中的应用前景；探讨了地学数据标准化及专家系统（ＥＳ）和ＧＩＳ结合建立地学模型等问题。     

基于MAPGISG平台的中国地学断面数字化图形库的建立

地学断面积累了丰富的地质，地球物理和地球化学等综合资料，从中得出的地学信息是提供科学决策，促进社会科技事业和生产力发展的依据。在MAPGIS软件基础上的中国地学断面数字化图形库的建立过程中，地学断面中的每一个实体，在颜色，符号以及线型等方面都被规划统一。地学断面中的特征主题进行了层名划分以及层名，实体的编码，形成分层标准和编码准则。利用MAPGIS的编辑子系统和Access关于数据库软件，建立了中国地学断面的空间数据库和属性数据库，并将它们联接起来，从而建立了整个中国地学断面数字化图形库。     

矿产地质志数据模型应用技术研究

为了更好地组织和管理地学数据,快速推广国家标准编码,满足地学成果数据入库要求,需要将采集好的数据进行建模、整理及标准化编码,以达到合理组织入库、更好地利用成果数据库的目的。从全局地学数据入库要求出发,建立全局数据库模型,将地学全局数据模型转换为计算机模型,并在该模型的基础上开发相应功能,实现地学数据的半自动化整理与编码,为快速推广标准编码和地学数据库建设提供支持。     

Arc/Info与CorelDraw信息共享在建设中国地学断面图形数据库中的应用

文章探讨了Arc／Info与CorelDraw信息共享的必要性,并提出了运用CorelDraw基础图件,在Arc／Info系统下建立中国地学断面图形数据库的方法。该技术在中国岩石圈三维结构数据库地学断面数据子库课题进行了实际应用研究。结果表明：充分利用CorelDraw软件完美的绘图功能和Arc／Info软件强大的空间数据库支持能力,可提高数据录入效率,实现对地学断面图数据的管理、查询、检索和空间分析。     

应用Arc/Info建立湖北省区域稳定性评价空间数据库

GIS是获取、检索、分析、处理空间数据的数据库管理系统，是研究空间对象的有力工具，本文利用GIS软件Arc/Info为基本工具，以遥感数据作为获取，更新数据库数据的重要信息源，结合前人的地学资料，建立了湖北省区域稳定性评价空间数据库，阐述了该空间数据库的内容，功能，应用和意义。     

基于关系数据库和WebGIS的中国东部地球化学科学数据库

如何高效管理、利用中国东部已有地球科学研究数据是急需解决的问题.在地球化学数据模型研究基础上, 应用关系数据库和WebGIS技术, 建立了中国东部地球化学科学数据库(ECGD).ECGD深度整合WebGIS技术, 研究者可利用ECGD基于Web对地球化学数据进行检索、分析、输出和空间可视化, 查询结果可以标注于基于WebGIS的网络地图, 生成分类、分级专题图, 并对查询结果进行地球化学图解等专业分析.ECGD是第一个基于Web, 集成了数据检索、空间数据可视化和数据分析功能的地球化学科学数据库, 为地学工作者提供了一个地球化学数据管理、共享、获取、交流的协作平台, 具有重要的实用价值.      

地质科学大数据背景下的矿体动态建模方法探讨

三维地学建模的理论与方法在大数据时代该如何发展,是当下这一领域研究人员非常关注的问题。从现代三维地学建模的重要方法——隐式建模的角度,对三维地学建模方法与地质大数据系统的有机集成、以及如何利用大数据技术提高地学建模的效率和质量等问题进行了探讨。初步提出了一套基于地质科学大数据的三维地学建模方法和流程,包括:地质大数据的搜集、主题大数据系统的搭建、地质特征要素的深度挖掘和三维地学模型的动态构建。同时,也指出了大数据背景下高质效三维地学建模的关键在于:研究实现充分顾及地质对象和地质科学大数据特点的地学人工智能、机器学习、数据挖掘及空间推断方法。通过一个典型矿体建模的应用实例对所提方法的可行性进行了验证。     

高放废物地质处置地学信息表述功能开发

本文以高放废物处置地学信息库系统运行环境搭建-预选区数据库建设-数据应用表述功能开发为主线,在介绍高放废物地质处置预选区地学信息库开发主要过程的基础上,利用C#与SQL语言完成了数据应用表述功能开发工作,实现了地学信息库数据的查询检索与调用展示,直接验证了前期数据库结构整体设计、系统运行环境建设和地学信息数据库建设的可行性与适宜性,为后期地学信息平台开发打下了坚实基础。     

多元地学信息系统的设计与实现

结合多元地学不同专题空间数据复杂的地学信息特点,利用空间数据库技术和多元地理信息分析,对多元海量地学(地理、地质、物探、化探、遥感等)信息进行科学的管理和分析。通过科学的计算,直接进行多影响因素分析,为进一步开展综合应用研究提供支持。多元地学信息系统的建立将为地学的研究提供重要的方法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861