现代海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义

共收集到现代海底热液沉积物的1264个硫同位素数据,结合我们对冲绳海槽Jade热液区和大西洋中脊TAG热液区中表层热液沉积物的硫同位素研究成果,对比分析了不同地质-构造环境中海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成特征及其硫源问题.结果表明:(1)现代海底热液沉积物中硫化物的硫同位素组成集中分布在1‰～9‰之间,均值为4.5‰(n=1042),而硫酸盐矿物的硫同位素组成主要分布在19‰～24‰之间,均值为21.3‰(n=217);(2)无论在洋中脊还是在弧后盆地扩张中心,无沉积物覆盖热液活动区中热液沉积物与有沉积物覆盖热液活动区相比,其硫同位素组成的分布范围相对狭窄;(3)各热液活动区中硫化物硫同位素组成的不同,反映出各自硫源的差异性.无沉积物覆盖洋中脊中热液成因硫化物的硫主要来自玄武岩,部分来自海水,是玄武岩和海水硫酸盐中硫不同比例混合的结果,而在弧后盆地和有沉积物覆盖的洋中脊,除了火山岩以外,沉积物和有机质均可能为热液硫化物的形成提供硫;(4)现代海底热液沉积物硫同位素组成的变化和硫源的不同可能归因于海底热液体系中流体物理化学性质的变化、岩浆演化和构造-地质背景的不同.     

大西洋洋中脊海底表层热液沉积物的铅同位素组成及其地质意义

新测得 TAG热液区中 6件海底表层热液沉积物样品的铅同位素组成 ,其变化范围不大 ,具有均一性的特征。在 Pb- Pb图解上 ,热液沉积物的铅同位素数据大多落在 MARB的铅同位素组成范围内 ,与大西洋沉积物和 Fe- Mn结核相比明显具较少的放射成因铅 ,反映其上部洋壳岩石为该区热液沉积物的形成提供了铅。对比研究表明 ,因不同地质 -构造环境中的海底热液区为热液沉积物形成提供物源的情况不同 ,是导致有沉积物覆盖洋中脊中热液沉积物的铅同位素组成与无沉积物覆盖洋中脊不同的主要原因。海底扩张中心的扩张速率与热液沉积物的铅同位素组成有一定的对应关系 ,但其并不是热液沉积物铅同位素组成的唯一控制因素     

Sulfur isotopic composition of seafloor hydrothermal sediment from the Jade hydrothermal field in the central Okinawa Trough and its geological significance

Eighteen samples of hydrothermal sediments from the Jade hydrothermal field in the central Okinawa Trough have been analyzed. Sulfur isotopic values for 10 sulfide samples vary from 5.2 × 10~(-3) to 7.2× 10(-3), δ~(34)S values for 7 sulfate samples vary from 16.3 × 10~(-3) to 22.3 × 10~(-3), and 1 native sulphur sample has a δ~(34)S value of 8.2× 10~(-3). The major sources of sulfur for hydrothermal sediment are intermediate to acid volcanic rocks and sea water sulfate, and it is possible that the partial sulfur of hydrothermal sediment is from the pelagic sediment by the interaction between hydrothermal fluid and sediment. The reasons of causing the distinct differences in sulfur isotopic values for sulfide samples from hydrothermal sediment ( compared with other hydrothermal fields), are the differences in the sources of sulfur, the magmatic activity and the tectonic evolution in different hydrothermal fields. The sulfur evolution is a long and complex process in the seafloor hydrothermal system     

洋中脊和弧后盆地热液区热液流体B同位素组成的系统性差异

硼(B)是流体迁移元素,趋向于在热液流体中富集而成为常量元素。不同来源的B其同位素组成有着明显的区别。因此,B的含量及其同位素组成可标识热液流体(元素)的物质来源、水–岩反应程度及沉积物(元素)混入等重要过程,对海底热液活动及其成矿作用过程具有重要的示踪意义。迄今,对全球主要热液活动区热液流体中B的含量及同位素组成特征已做了大量的测试分析及研究工作,积累了丰富的资料和重要研究成果。但是,对不同地质背景(构造环境)条件下热液流体中B的含量及同位素组成特征尚缺乏系统性的对比分析,进而对造成不同环境热液流体中元素及其同位素组成的系统性差异的原因或机制尚缺乏深入的认识。本文在获取了洋中脊和弧后盆地主要热液活动区热液端元流体中B的含量及其同位素组成数据的基础上,定量估算了热液流体中B的主要来源,并对洋中脊和弧后盆地热液端元流体中B同位素组成的系统性差异进行了分析及成因探讨。结果表明,不同热液活动区热液端元流体的δ11B值都具有较大的变化范围,水–岩反应过程中不同来源B的混合是热液流体B同位素组成变化的主要原因。无沉积物覆盖的洋中脊和弧后盆地热液区热液流体中的B主要为海水与基底岩石来源B的混合,弧后盆地岩浆挥发性组分对热液系统的直接贡献及两种不同地质背景下基底岩石地球化学组成与水–岩反应程度的差异是其热液端元流体B同位素组成差异的主要原因。在有沉积物覆盖的弧后盆地热液区,热液流体中B的同位素组成与前两者之间存在显著差异,具有异常低的δ11B值,水–岩反应过程中沉积物来源B的加入是导致热液流体中δ11B值系统性降低的主要原因,沉积物的吸附作用也在一定程度上影响了热液流体的B同位素组成。有沉积物覆盖的洋中脊热液区热液流体同样受到了沉积物来源B加入的影响,具有较低的δ11B值,且相对于冲绳海槽受到了更强烈的沉积物吸附作用的影响。基于以上分析,并结合热液流体的Sr同位素组成特征,本文提出了洋中脊和弧后盆地这两大构造环境中热液流体B同位素组成系统性差异的成因模式。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry, and sulfur isotope characteristics of sediment-hosted hydrothermal sulfide minerals from the southern Okinawa Trough

Studies of the mineralogy and sulfur isotope composition of sediment-hosted hydrothermal sulfide minerals in cores are important for understanding the seafloor mineralization environment and material source and reconstructing the hydrothermal history. However, the source of ore-forming materials and the history of hydrothermal activity in the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) remain unclear. Here, the mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of sulfides from gravity core HOBAB4-S2, collected between the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field (HF) and the Tangyin HF, was investigated. Enrichments in Zn (up to 321×10?6), Cu (up to 73.7×10?6), and Pb (up to 160×10?6) and the presence of pyrite, galena, pyrrhotite and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite provide evidence for the input of hydrothermal materials into the sediments. The pyrite morphologies include disseminated cubic, pentagonal dodecahedron, and framboidal forms. Except for minor framboidal pyrite, euhedral pyrite from core HOBAB4-S2 is mainly of hydrothermal origin with Co/Ni ratios >1 and S/Fe atomic ratios <2 in the Cu-Zn-Pb-rich layers. The occurrences of hexagonal pyrrhotite, high-Co (up to 0.17%) pyrite and high-Fe sphalerite indicate that the hydrothermal precipitates formed at medium-high temperatures and low-sulfur fugacity (fS₂) environments. The δ34S values of sulfides (0.21‰–3.45‰) with low- fS₂ mineral assemblages (e.g., pyrrhotite ± high-Fe sphalerite) in the core are significantly lower than those of magmatic rocks and seawater, indicating possible incorporation of previously formed biogenic sulfur in the sediment. Combined with the age model of the core, it is suggested that hydrothermal activity likely began in the Tangyin HF before AD 1445–1483 and that at least three active episodes may have occurred since then.     

西南印度洋中脊龙旂热液区中硫化物的结构和微量元素特征对金赋存形式和沉淀机制的启示

相比于快速和中速扩张洋中脊,慢速和超慢速扩张洋中脊热液区通常含有丰富的金属硫化物资源。近年来的研究表明大洋中脊的扩张速率与矿石中金的品位呈明显的负相关,即超慢速扩张洋中脊热液区矿石中金的含量高。前人对龙旂热液区的构造环境以及硫化物组合进行了详细研究,但是对龙旂热液区硫化物中贵金属金的赋存形式和沉淀机制研究较少。本文对西南印度洋龙旂热液区中的硫化物进行了精细的矿物结构和微量元素分析,并探讨了金的赋存形式和沉淀机制。龙旂热液区的硫化物主要以黄铁矿为主,其次是黄铜矿和闪锌矿,黄铜矿普遍出溶等轴古巴矿,此外还观察到了少量的针钠铁矾和自然金等矿物。根据矿物结构和形态,黄铁矿明显被划分为两期,一期黄铁矿（Py1）自形度低,呈细粒状或胶状,内部多孔洞;二期黄铁矿（Py2）自形度高,呈自形−半自形,且粒径较大。Py1往往存在于Py2内部或以包体的形式被Py2所包裹,Py2则与自形−半自形黄铜矿和闪锌矿等矿物共生。自然金主要存在于Py1的内部孔洞之中,少量存在于Py2以及Py2与其他硫化物之间。相比于Py2,Py1含有更高的Ni、Zn、Pb、Ba、Mn、V、Mg、U、Au、Ag、Cd元素含量,更低的Co、Se、As、Sb元素含量。在龙旂热液区的物理化学条件下,热液流体中金的主要存在形式为Au(HS),HS⁻浓度的降低和pH值升高均会促进金的沉淀。龙旂热液区早期热液流体与海水的混合造成热液流体pH值升高,而混合作用导致的热液流体温度降低会促使黄铁矿（Py1）的结晶,从而促使热液流体中HS⁻浓度的降低,热液流体pH值升高和黄铁矿结晶（Py1）引起的硫逸度降低是龙旂热液区自然金沉淀的主要机制。     

洋中脊热液羽状流的分布特征及其在多金属硫化物找矿中的指示作用

热液羽状流是海底热液活动的重要标志,海底多金属硫化物是热液活动的产物。现阶段洋中脊多金属硫化物勘探工作的第一步是开展热液羽状流的近底探测;综合各类异常信息,实现从发现热液活动喷口到发现矿床的突破。本文以热液羽状流为研究对象,从羽状流的近底探测、扩散机制和分布特征3个方面,概述了最新的研究进展和有待完善的方面,阐述了羽状流在洋中脊多金属硫化物找矿中的指示作用,最后总结性地指出时空连续性、参数多元化将是热液探测的发展趋势,有助于提升对热液羽状流分布特征的认识,将为热液区分布模式的研究提供更加精细的探测资料。     

冲绳海槽CLAM热液区低硫逸度热液成矿

冲绳海槽是琉球俯冲系统的重要组成部分,该区热液硫化物研究对揭示非成熟弧后盆地内部热液成矿作用特征具有重要意义。CLAM热液区位于冲绳海槽中部（27°33′N、126°58′E）,大量研究表明,该区成矿作用特征与海槽其他热液区存在显著差异,但其成因尚不明确。对CLAM热液区硫化物矿物组成、共生组合关系及闪锌矿微区元素组成进行了系统分析测试,在此基础上提出,该区特殊的矿物学特征及矿物化学组成可能受热液流体硫逸度控制。本文研究样品为富Fe型块状硫化物,主要由磁黄铁矿及低温闪锌矿组成,磁黄铁矿的大量结晶暗示着该区热液流体具有低硫逸度特征。热液成矿过程中,流体温度及硫逸度经历了由低到高的演化。闪锌矿中极高的Fe含量同样受控于该区流体低硫逸度条件,计算结果表明,热液流体的硫逸度值为–15,与其他受沉积物影响的热液活动区一致。流体-沉积物反应过程中,沉积物中有机质的分解可能是导致CLAM热液区热液流体硫逸度系统性降低的主要原因。     

基于PXRF的西南印度洋脊硫化物表层沉积物地球化学找矿研究

海底热液喷发形成的热液羽状流中富含成矿物质,并沉淀在距离热液喷口不等的范围内。对西南印度洋中脊热液喷口附近、距离喷口中等距离、远离喷口的六个表层沉积物样品开展了不同粒度沉积物的便携式XRF（PXRF）分析。结果表明,PXRF可以有效获得的洋中脊钙质沉积物中成矿元素的富集特征。>40目的沉积物样品具有较高的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等元素含量,40目以下沉积物中则相对稳定,可能与粗粒沉积物中玄武岩碎屑/玻璃含量较高有关,与镜下鉴定结果一致。以热液喷口为中心,表层沉积物中表现出Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn的元素分带,靠近喷口的沉积物中具有较高的成矿元素的含量,并具有较高的Cu/Fe、Zn/Fe比值或者Cu/Mn与Zn/Mn比值。上述结论表明,洋中脊沉积物中成矿元素的含量主要受与喷口的距离的影响,而与粒度的关系不大,洋中脊沉积物地球化学找矿应采用40目以下粒径沉积物作为分析样品。通过PXRF获得的Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn等元素含量及其比值特征可以作为海底多金属硫化物沉积物地球化学找矿的指标,该方法满足快速有效识别洋中脊沉积物中地球化学异常的要求。     

现代海底超镁铁质岩系热液系统与地质意义

现代海底热液循环与洋中脊地质过程一直是国际洋中脊计划研究的热点.海底热液系统多数都与海底玄武岩及其水-岩反应直接相关,而一类与深海橄榄岩的产出及其蛇纹石化作用有关的海底热液系统——超镁铁质岩系热液系统,以具有高浓度H2和CH4异常而低SiO2浓度为显著特征,主要分布在慢速扩张大西洋中脊和超慢速扩张北冰洋Gakkel洋脊和西南印度洋中脊.超镁铁质岩系热液系统在流体组成、构造背景和硫化物成矿方面与玄武岩热液系统有很大差异,主要表现在地幔来源超镁铁质岩石的普遍出露、喷口流体高的H2和CH4异常以及硫化物中高Co/Ni比值.超镁铁质岩系热液系统的发现丰富了全球洋中脊热液系统的研究内容,对洋中脊地质过程、海底热液活动及其成矿作用研究具有重要意义.     

海底热液活动的环境与产物

近23年的调查研究,使我们认识到分布于洋中脊、弧后盆地、岛弧和热点等环境的海底热液活动发育在多种围岩类型之上,包括超基性岩石、基性岩石、中性岩石、酸性岩石和沉积物。海底热液活动经历了岩浆去气作用、流体-岩石/沉积物相互作用和流体-海水混合,获取了岩浆、岩石、海水和沉积物的物质,构成了热液循环,产生了高温、低氧、高或低pH值、富含Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As等元素以及气体组分(甲烷、氢等)的喷口流体,影响了海水、沉积、岩石和生物环境,形成了热液柱、硫化物、含金属沉积物和蚀变岩石等热液产物,组成了海底热液系统。未来,促进海底热液活动探测技术和热液产物测试方法的发展,对海底热液区的岩石、喷口流体、热液柱、硫化物、含金属沉积物以及热液循环、生物活动的持续观测与研究,无疑将为人类探知海底地质过程及生命活动、保护海底热液环境和合理开发利用海底资源提供有力的工作支撑。     

冲绳海槽中、南部热液活动区金属硫化物的地球化学特征

对新近(2014年)采自冲绳海槽南部Yonaguni Knoll IV热液活动区和中部伊平屋热液活动区的金属硫化物样品分别进行了X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析,旨在通过对比分析两个热液活动区金属硫化物的元素地球化学特征,探讨两个不同热液活动区成矿元素的富集规律、热液成矿的作用过程及其区域差异。研究结果表明:在冲绳海槽中部和南部热液区分布有两种金属硫化物,分别为富Fe-Zn型硫化物和Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐);相较于大洋中脊和其它弧后盆地的热液硫化物,研究区硫化物中Pb的含量明显较高,而Cu和Fe的含量相对较低,这与冲绳海槽存在较厚的沉积盖层有关;无论是常量元素、微量元素、还是稀土元素(REE),其含量和相关的特征值都变化较大,表明研究区热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;富Fe-Zn型硫化物是在高温热液活动阶段形成的,而Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐)则形成于热液喷出海底与海水混合的过程中,成矿温度较低;即使在同一热液活动区,成矿环境也有较大变化,主要表现在成矿温度的波动上;研究区热液硫化物中REE的配分模式特征表明硫化物中REE的物源相同,但经历的过程(REE的迁移和富集)有所不同,反映了热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;热液成矿作用存在区域性差异,海槽南部的成矿温度较中部低,成矿物质来源方面,南部热液区硫化物的Pb含量较中部高,表明其成矿物质可能部分来源于沉积物。     

Distribution of large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges in relation to spreading rates

Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.     

白垩纪以来太平洋上地幔组成和温度变化

The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which could be attributed to deep mantle processes. As the anomalous volcanic activities occurred mainly in the Cretaceous Pacific, here we use basalt chemical compositions from the oceanic drilling(DSDP/ODP/IODP) sites to investigate their mantle sources and melting conditions. Based on locations relative to the Pacific plateaus, we classified these sites as oceanic plateau basalts, normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, and near-plateau seafloor basalts. This study shows that those normal mid-ocean ridge basalts formed during mid-Cretaceous are broadly similar in average Na8, La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to modern Pacific spreading ridge(the East Pacific Rise). The Ontong Java plateau(125–90 Ma) basalts have distinctly lower Na8 and143Nd/144 Nd, and higher La/Sm and 87Sr/86 Sr than normal seafloor basalts, whereas those for the near-plateau seafloor basalts are similar to the plateau basalts, indicating influences from the Ontong Java mantle source. The super mantle plume activity that might have formed the Ontong Java plateau influenced the mantle source of the simultaneously formed large areas of seafloor basalts. Based on the chemical data from normal seafloor basalts, I propose that the mantle compositions and melting conditions of the normal mid-ocean ridges during the Cretaceous are similar to the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. Slight variations of mid-Cretaceous normal seafloor basalts in melting conditions could be related to the local mantle source and spreading rate.     

基于地形的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法研究

热液区沉积物接受了大量热液物质的输入,其矿物组成及地球化学空间分布特征是多金属硫化物勘探的有效指标。由于重力作用,洋中脊区域沉积物主要分布于低洼和平坦地形区。为了探索地形因素对热液区沉积物分布的影响规律,本文通过ArcGIS提出了一种基于地形数据的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法,并对西南印度洋中脊龙角区地形数据进行了分析,包括沉积物重力搬运方向提取、沉积物汇集量估算、海底沟谷提取和沉积物源区划分。通过与研究区底质解译结果进行对比验证发现,预测结果与研究区内沉积物的实际分布范围较为吻合,表明本方法在一定程度上可以有效地指示地形影响下海底热液区沉积物的分布情况。本方法对海底硫化物矿产勘探工作具有一定指导意义,可为海底沉积物取样站位设置与海底硫化物成矿远景区圈定提供参考依据。     

Petrophysical characteristics of rocks and sulfides from the SWIR hydrothermal field

Study of petrophysical properties of rocks in seafioor hydrothermal fields has great significance for inves- tigation of seafloor hydrothermal activities, especially for polymetallic sulfides prospecting. In the present study, based on the current experimental conditions, we conducted systematic experiments to measure the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, porosity, density, as well as acoustic wave velocity of seafloor rocks and sulfides. Subsequently, we measured the physical characteristics of hydrothermal sulfides, basalts and peridotites which were collected from newly discovered seafloor hydrothermal fields at 49.6°E, 50.5°E, 5 1°E, 63.5°E, and 63.9°E of the Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIR）. Previously available and newly collected data were combined to characterize the physical differences between polymetallic sulfides and rocks. We also discussed the impact of hydrothermal alteration on the bedrock and demonstrated how these petrophysical properties of rocks can help in geophysical prospecting of seafloor hydrothermal fields as indicators.     

西南印度洋中脊表层沉积物中存在热液组分的地球化学证据

Hydrothermal materials in deep-sea sediments provide a robust tracer to the localized hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges. Major, trace and rare earth element(REE) data for surface sediments collected from the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge are presented to examine the existence of hydrothermal component.Biogenic carbonate oozes dominate all the sediment samples, with CaO content varying from 85.5% to 89.9% on a volatile-free basis. The leaching residue of bulk sediments by ~5% HCl is compositionally comparable to the Upper Continental Crust(UCC) in SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, MgO, alkali elements(Rb, Cs) and high field strength elements(Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti). These detritus-hosted elements are inferred to be prominently derived from the Australian continent by means of eolian dust, while the contribution of local volcaniclastics is insignificant. In addition, the residual fraction shows a clear enrichment in Fe, Mn, and Ba compared with the UCC. Combining the positive Eu anomaly of residual fraction which is opposed to the UCC but the characteristic of hydrothermal fluids and associated precipitates occurred at mid-ocean ridges, the incorporation of localized hydrothermal component can be constrained. REE mixing calculations indicate that more than half REE within the residual fraction(~55%–60%) are derived from a hydrothermal component, which is inferred to be resulted from a diffuse fluid mineralization. The low-temperature diffuse flow may be widely distributed along the slow-ultraslow spreading ridges where crustal faults and fissures abound, and probably have a great mineralization potential.     

Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in massive sulfides from the Jade hydrothermal field, the Okinawa Trough

Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been measured in massive sulfide samples from the Jade hydrothermal field in the central Okinawa Trough. Fluid-inclusion 3He/4He ratios are between 6.2 and 10. l times the air value (Ra), and with a mean of 7.8Ra, which are consistent with the mid-ocean ridge basalt values [3He/^4He≈(6Ra- 11Ra)]. Values for ^20Ne/^22Ne are from 10.7 to 11.3, which are significantly higher than the atmospheric ratio (9.8). And the fluid-inclusion ^40Ar/^36Ar ratios range from 287 to 334, which are close to the atmosperic values (295.5). These results indicate that the noble gases of trapped hydrothermal fluids in massive sulfides are a mixture of mantle- and seawater-derived components, and the helium of fluid inclusions is mainly from mantle, the nelium and argon isotope compositions are mainly from seawater.     

中太平洋深海沉积物中元素组合特征及地质意义

深海沉积物中稀土(REY,包括Y)是继多金属结核、富钴结壳和热液硫化物之后又一有潜力的深海矿产资源。对中太平洋46个富稀土的沉积物样品(∑REY=(730~1 596)×10-6)和53个相对贫稀土的沉积物样品(∑REY=(324~487)×10-6)进行主微量和稀土地球化学分析,利用聚类分析和因子分析法,对元素组合特征进行了分析,划分元素组合和4个主因子。综合特征表明,2类沉积物REY的富集均与磷酸盐有关,REY含量高低取决于磷酸盐含量,但沉积物的形成具有多源多期的特点,富REY沉积物中铝硅酸岩(黏土矿物和沸石)对沉积物中磷酸盐富集REY的过程具有重要的促进作用,而在贫REY沉积物中铝硅酸岩对REY的富集意义不明显。     

冲绳海槽浮岩中碳、氢同位素组成特征

利用分阶段热解释放气体质谱分析法研究了冲绳海槽浮岩热解释放气中CO₂和H₂O的碳、氢同位素组成,结果显示:浮岩中原生CO₂和H₂O主要释放于400～1 000℃,CO₂的碳同位素组成介于-6.7×10-3～-22.7×10-3,H₂O的氢同位素组成从-45×10-3变到-71×10-3,均落入幔源火山岩的变化范围,而且浮岩的氢同位素组成与海槽区玄武岩的氢同位素组成非常接近,这表明冲绳海槽浮岩与玄武岩之间具有密切的成因联系,浮岩岩浆和玄武岩岩浆是同源岩浆不同程度结晶分异的产物.另外,这些浮岩较洋中脊玄武岩要贫13C,并富集D,同时具有从洋中脊玄武岩向岛弧玄武岩变化的趋势,这表明浮岩岩浆在形成或上升过程中可能受到俯冲板块释放流体的影响.