Geometric Integration of Aerial and QuickBird Imagery for High Accuracy Geopositioning and Mapping Application: A Case Study in Shanghai

This paper explores the geometric performance of integration of aerial and QuickBird images. Different integration scenarios with different bias compensation schemes in the image space were studied, and the results showed that the introduction of the aerial images can improve the geopositioning accuracy of the QuickBird images to close to the aerial pixel level. In addition, methods of correcting biases in the object space were tested, and the results revealed the disadvantage of the bias compensation in the object space. An experiment was conducted for mapping ground objects such as inland rivers, buildings, and roads using the proposed integration method.     

3-D Shoreline Extraction from IKONOS Satellite Imagery

Shorelines are recognized as unique features on Earth. They have valuable properties for a diverse user community. At present, photogrammetry is the most popular technique used to capture a shoreline. With improved resolution and accuracy, commercial high-resolution satellite imagery is demonstrating a great potential in the photogrammetry application domain. One example is the utilization of IKONOS satellite imagery in shoreline extraction. IKONOS panchromatic imagery has a resolution of approximately one meter as well as the capabilities of stereo imaging. This article presents the results of an experiment in which we attempted to improve IKONOS Rational Functions (RF) for a better ground accuracy and to employ the improved RF for 3-D shoreline extraction using 1-meter panchromatic stereo images in a Lake Erie coastal area. Two approaches were investigated. One was to rectify the ground coordinates derived from vendor-provided RF coefficients using ground control points (GCPs). The other was to refine the RF coefficients using the GCPs. We compare the results from these two approaches. An assessment of the shoreline extracted from IKONOS images compared with the existing shoreline is also conducted to demonstrate the potential of the IKONOS imagery for shoreline mapping.     

3-D Shoreline Extraction from IKONOS Satellite Imagery

Shorelines are recognized as unique features on Earth. They have valuable properties for a diverse user community. At present, photogrammetry is the most popular technique used to capture a shoreline. With improved resolution and accuracy, commercial high-resolution satellite imagery is demonstrating a great potential in the photogrammetry application domain. One example is the utilization of IKONOS satellite imagery in shoreline extraction. IKONOS panchromatic imagery has a resolution of approximately one meter as well as the capabilities of stereo imaging. This article presents the results of an experiment in which we attempted to improve IKONOS Rational Functions (RF) for a better ground accuracy and to employ the improved RF for 3-D shoreline extraction using 1-meter panchromatic stereo images in a Lake Erie coastal area. Two approaches were investigated. One was to rectify the ground coordinates derived from vendor-provided RF coefficients using ground control points (GCPs). The other was to refine the RF coefficients using the GCPs. We compare the results from these two approaches. An assessment of the shoreline extracted from IKONOS images compared with the existing shoreline is also conducted to demonstrate the potential of the IKONOS imagery for shoreline mapping.     

SPOT、QuickBird卫星遥感数据提取东沙岛植被信息的比较

基于植被的光谱特征,利用监督分类、植被指数(NDV I)和目视解译等方法,分别用SPOT-5、Q u ickB ird高分辨率卫星遥感影像对东沙岛植被信息进行提取,并作了比对分析。研究结果表明:利用高分辨率遥感图像对东沙岛等小型岛屿的植被信息提取是可行的;SPOT-5多光谱数据具备了提取小型海岛植被信息、掌握其植被覆盖状况的能力;与SPOT-5多光谱数据相比,Q u ickB ird多光谱数据在植被精细分类信息的提取方面更具优势。     

Instantaneous Shorelines as an Intermediate for Island Shoreline Mapping based on Aerial/Satellite Stereo Images

Island shoreline mapping based on field measurements by collecting visually discernible features is costly and even unrealistic to be implemented in practice because of the nonuniqueness, fuzziness, and ambiguity of shoreline features. The MHHW (the mean higher high water) shoreline, i.e., the intersection of the coastal profile with the MHHW, is recommended to be chosen as a significant shoreline indicator of an island. An approach for mapping the MHHW shoreline using the aerial/satellite stereo images is proposed. In the proposed procedure, first, the height difference between the instantaneous shoreline and the MHHW shoreline is calculated by the ocean tide model; then the orthometric/normal height of the instantaneous shoreline is determined from the stereo images; last, the instantaneous shoreline is used as an intermediate for determination of the height of the MHHW shoreline. The proposed procedure is applied to the MiaoZiHu Island located in the East China Sea. Preliminary experimental result shows that in ideal cases, the horizontal positional accuracy of the extracted shoreline can reach 0.2 m from aerial images of 0.1 m resolution.     

Use of SPOT 5 and IKONOS imagery for mapping biocenoses in a Tunisian Coastal Lagoon (Mediterranean Sea)

Mapping marine biocenoses is an efficient method for providing useful data for the management and conservation of Mediterranean lagoons. Fused images from two satellites, SPOT 5 and IKONOS, were tested as management tools for identifying specific ecosystems in the El Bibane lagoon, situated in southern Tunisia near the Libyan border. The objectives of this study were to provide a precise map of the entire El Bibane lagoon using fused images from SPOT 5 and to compare fused images from SPOT 5 and IKONOS over a test-area. After applying a supervised classification, pixels are automatically classified in four classes: low seagrass cover, high seagrass cover, superficial mobile sediments and deep mobile sediments. The maps of the lagoon revealed and confirmed an extremely wide distribution of seagrass meadows within the lagoon (essentially Cymodocea nodosa; 19 546 ha) and a large area of mobile sediments more or less parallel to the shore (3 697 ha). A direct comparison of overall accuracy between SPOT 5 over the entire area, SPOT 5 over the test-area and IKONOS over the test-area revealed that these tools provided accurate mapping of the lagoon environment (83.25%, 85.91% and 73.41% accuracy, respectively). The SPOT 5 images provided greater overall accuracy than the IKONOS image, but did not take into account the heterogeneous spatial structure of the seagrasses and sediments present in the lagoon environment. Although IKONOS imagery provided lower overall accuracy than SPOT 5, it proved a very useful tool for the mapping of heterogeneous structures as it enabled the patchiness of formations to be better taken into account. The use of SPOT 5 and IKONOS fused images appears to be very promising for completing the mapping of lagoons in other regions and countries of the Mediterranean Sea.     

数字摄影测量与陆地卫星遥感研究海岸动态变化

陆地卫星自20世纪70年代初发射以来即用于岸线动态的研究，SPOT卫星资料的利用更增加了该类研究的精度， Radarsat影像由于其对水陆界线的敏感而被用于海岸带制图；航空摄影影像由于其比例尺大，空间分辦率高，成像时间可以人为控制，便于低潮时海滩大比例尺制图等优点而被广为利用。自20世纪三四十年代以来，已经有了许多海滩的航空照片，据此可以获得较长系列的海滩变化信息。     

基于多源数据的海岸线变化监测研究——以宁波市大陆海岸线为例

海岸线具有重要的生态功能和资源价值,在海洋保护和开发利用管理中具有举足轻重的作用。海岸线精细化、高精度、高频次监测已成为当前海岸线管理工作的新要求和新任务。以宁波市大陆海岸线为研究对象,综合运用多时相卫星遥感影像、航空遥感影像、无人机航摄影像、全野外调查等多源数据,开展宁波市2019-2021年大陆海岸线变化监测研究,对海岸线变化情况、分布情况、使用情况以及多源数据应用情况等进行分析,提出变化岸段分类标准,发现基于多源数据采集的海岸线监测具有覆盖广、准确性高、时效性强、投入成本低等特点,能够为加强海岸线保护与利用管理提供参考。     

基于Sentinel-2影像的围海养殖信息提取

为了能够利用遥感图像快速准确地提取围海养殖矢量信息,本文选取养殖水体、堤坝及育苗室等交错分布的海参围海养殖区域作为研究区域,根据研究区域Sentinel-2遥感影像的光谱特征,选用归一化差异水体指数（Normalized Difference Water Index,NDWI）、改进归一化差异水体指数（Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI）和增强水体指数（Enhanced Water Index,EWI）三类水体指数,分别进行提取实验,利用同时期高空间分辨率的高分二号卫星（GF-2）影像作为参考,验证不同方法的提取精度,精度评价结果表明：相较MNDWI和EWI两类水体指数,NDWI的分类精度更高,且利用NDWI提取研究区域的围海养殖信息的效果更好,所以该方法可在养殖区域的动态监测和规划管理中发挥数据支撑作用。     

Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea

This study assesses the accuracy and the applicability of the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) and the nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS) equation solutions to derivation of dynamic parameters of internal solitary waves(ISWs) from satellite images. Visible band images taken by five satellite sensors with spatial resolutions from 5 m to 250 m near the Dongsha Atoll of the northern South China Sea(NSCS) are used as a baseline. From the baseline, the amplitudes of ISWs occurring from July 10 to 13, 2017 are estimate...     

图像融合在遥感中的应用

介绍了关于低分辨率的多光谱图像与高分辨率的全色图像相融合的一些方法。图像融合的目的是为了获取高分辨率的多光谱图像,它既包含了多光谱信息又具有全色图像的高空间分辨率特点。图像融合在遥感中的主要目的在于尽量保持图像的光谱信息．以便用于土地覆盖分类等领域,这一点与其在军事应用和计算机辅助设计领域有所不同。阐述了如何在不使用高分辨率的全色图像情况下进行融合的方法,由于同时获取的多光谱图像之间存在亚像元级的偏移现象,将位移量作为附加信息来有效提高采样频率,以此获取高空间分辨率信息。最后选取了SPOT卫星的多光谱图像作为例子．对文中所阐述的算法进行了试验,并对试验结果作了比较分析。     

高分辨率遥感技术在厦门海湾生态环境调查中的应用

对于局部区域研究，高分辨率卫星遥感及其影像的智能化处理技术是获取信息的新手段．本文以IKONOS遥感影像在厦门海湾的应用为例，探讨高分辨率遥感卫星影像应用于海湾生态环境调查与分析的应用技术．通过分析高分辨率影像地物特征，提出高分辨率遥感影像的重要处理技术：采用不同缩放尺度进行分类和利用空间特征及纹理结构进行专题信息提取。     

空间分辨率对水深遥感反演的影响分析

遥感水深反演中空间分辨率的影响是一个重要的科学问题。本文使用东岛的QuickBird和WorldView-2多光谱影像及实测水深点进行实验研究,实验使用了原始空间分辨率（2.4/2m）以及4种降空间分辨率（4m,8m,16m和32m）的影像,使用相同的水深控制点开展水深遥感反演,并对水深反演结果使用相同的检查点进行精度验证。实验结果表明,随着空间分辨率由2.4/2m降低至4m,8m和16m,水深遥感反演的精度呈现出逐渐提高的趋势,进一步降低空间分辨率则会导致水深反演精度下降。当影像空间分辨率为16m时,水深反演结果误差最小且与实测水深值相关性最高,此时两景影像的水深反演平均相对误差分别21.2%和13.1%,相对于最大值分别降低了14.7%和2.9%;平均绝对误差分别为2.0m和1.4m,相对于最大值分别降低了1.0m和0.5m。本文研究结果为水深遥感反演研究与应用中遥感数据的选择提供了参考。     

无人机航测系统的海岛礁测绘应用研究

介绍了三型基于无人飞行器为平台的航测系统,分析了影响海岛区域无人机影像数据处理精度的因素,无人机航测系统在海岛区应用的技术特点。以该三型系统在我国某海岛区域进行了摄影作业,对实验数据质量、空中三角测量精度、正射影像精度等进行分析。实验结果表明,无人机低空航测系统在海岛区域大比例尺地形测绘或海图修测等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

海岸带水边线等高条件控制下的航空影像外部定向

提出了一种基于海岸带水边线等高条件的航空影像外部定向方法,该方法将局部区域水边线上各点的高程值相等作为控制条件,在立体像对的外部定向中,引入这些等高点,和其他平高控制点一起参加平差,计算立体像对的绝对方位元素.实验证明,该方法能够有效地提高航空影像的外部定向精度,尤其是高程的定位精度,提高了海岸带地形的测图精度.     

无控制点条件下SPOT5卫星影像海上目标定位技术

对于海上目标的遥感影像定位,由于控制点获取的困难性严重影响了其发展与应用。研究了SPOT5卫星HRS立体像对的成像原理,通过一系列坐标系变换,构建了一种无需地面控制点的直接对地绝对定位模型。试验表明,在没有控制点的条件下利用SPOT5遥感影像进行定位,平面定位精度和高程定位精度均可以达到优于70m的水平,这对于海上目标定位具有很好的实用价值。     

基于GEBCO的海底热液区地形复杂度分析方法研究

海底热液区地形复杂度是热液活动场的重要指标数据,获取地形复杂度指标数据,为系统研究全球海底热液区分布特征具有重要意义。阐述了地形复杂度和GEBCO数据的基本应用情况,介绍了基于数字地形模型数据进行地形复杂度计算的基本方法,提出了海底热液区地形复杂度计算的窗口序列分析法和基本步骤,实例分析了伊豆—小笠原海底热液活动亚带的地形复杂度情况。     

基于点云与影像融合的黄河三角洲互花米草提取方法

针对卫星遥感技术在对滨海湿地互花米草监测时受分辨率、气候条件等多种因素限制存在一定局限性且通过单一的影像数据提取互花米草时精度不稳定的问题,提出了基于无人机点云与影像融合的面向对象互花米草提取方法。以黄河三角洲自然保护区为研究对象,获取了该区域的点云和多光谱影像。先将地面滤波后提取的植被点云与多光谱影像进行特征组合优化,然后对融合影像采用FNEA算法进行多尺度分割后采用基于改进的最近邻算法进行面向对象分类,最终得到的互花米草生产者精度和用户精度分别达到了82.53%和86.43%,较未融合点云的提取精度分别提高了22.34%和7.66%,分类结果的总体精度从89.54%提升至92.61%,且融合点云后影像能够有效区分两种生长状态的互花米草,表明本文提出的方法能够有效提高互花米草的提取精度。     

卫星遥感与数字化地形信息结合在港口工程中应用--以茂名深水港选址为例

以茂名深水港选址为例,尝试将多时相卫星遥感影像和不同时段的数字化地形信息等资料相结合,从波浪入射方向、悬浮泥沙、滩槽冲淤等方面对建港自然条件进行综合分析,在此基础上探讨SPOT-5号卫星、多时相TM遥感影像和多时段数字化地形信息复合在港口工程中的潜力和优势,并提出基于港口工程选址分析的遥感影像和数字化地形结合的新技术框架。     

一种基于自适应窗口滤波的DEM获取算法

在分析了一种基于固定窗口滤波的DEM获取算法的基础上,提出了一种自适应窗口滤波的DEM获取算法,改变移动窗口的大小进行分块拟合来反演地面的高程值,获取DEM数据.利用海岸带区域IKONOS卫星影像匹配生成的三维坐标数据集进行了实验,实验证明了该算法的有效性.